NGC 7000 = North
American Nebula = LBN 373 = Sh 2-117 = Ced 183d
20 59 18 +44 31
Size 120'x100'
18"
(7/16/07): superb view of the entire North American nebula in the 80mm finder
at 12.5x and at 73x in the 18-inch with UHC filters in both. The entire outline of the U.S., Mexico
and Central America was well-defined and very high contrast with the
surrounding dark fields particularly around the Gulf of Mexico region (LDN 935)
and the West Coast. A 7th magnitude
star is at the edge of the center of the gulf (Texas area) and another 7th
magnitude star is at the south tip of Florida. The "Baja peninsula" and Central American
extension jut out very prominently from the gulf region. The edge of the northern
Canadian region is less well defined.
Open cluster NGC 6997 was very prominent on the East Coast (west side of
the nebula). It was breathtaking
to scan around the entire outline, though it overfilled the 67' field.
17.5"
(7/17/93): at 100x and OIII filter appears very bright, extremely large (fills
several fields), amazingly high contrast around the "Gulf" of Mexico
and "Baja" region (LDN 935) and to a lesser extent along the west and
east coasts. I traced around the
entire border except for the "Canada" region, which consists mostly
of scattered star fields with weak nebulosity. The open cluster NGC 6997 is easily picked out in the NE
section.
8": bright,
very large, sharp border and details around the "Gulf" section,
"Southwest border" and "Baja region". Rich with faint stars. Viewed with a Rich Field adapter at
33x-50x.
80mm (8/23/84):
striking contrast at 16x using a filter at Mt. Rose.
80mm (5/26/84):
bright with a well-defined "Gulf" region at 13x using a narrowband
filter.
Naked-eye: Easy
naked-eye glow in a dark sky, though this is mostly from the rich Milky Way
star cloud and not the involved nebulosity. The contrast is highest on the southwest side where the star
cloud and nebulosity is adjacent to the dark "Gulf of Mexico" region.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7000 = H V-37 = h2096 on 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 620) and recorded
"vL. Diffused nebulosity plainly visible, bM, 7 or 8' length, 6' broad and
losing itself gradually." In
the next few minutes of the sweep he also commented, "All this time
suspected diffuse nebulosity through the whole breadth of the sweep." He gave two positions at the east and
southwest coast of the North American nebula, which became numbers 44
(Southeast US) and 46 (Central America region) in his list of 52 regions with
"extensive diffused nebulosity." Arthur Auwers wrote (in a review of the General Catalogue)
that JH omitted this large object, but NGC 7000 = GC 4621.
German
Astronomer Max Wolf referred to this HII region as "The 'America'
Nebula" in a 1902 German paper based on an image taken in 1901. In the 1903 paper "Diffused
nebulosities in the heavens", Barnard refers to the object photographed by
Wolf and states "The "North America Nebula" would perhaps be
more definite, for it is North America to which Dr. Max Wolf intends the
compliment." Agnes Mary
Clerke refered to it as the "America" Nebula in the caption of Wolf's
photograph in her 1905 second edition of "The System of the Stars"
******************************
NGC 7001 = UGC
11663 = MCG +00-53-016 = CGCG 374-037 = PGC 65905
21 01 07.7 -00
11 43
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 162d
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated, weak concentration. Located between a mag 14 star 1.0' N
and a mag 13 star 1.4' SSE. Similar
notes on 6/20/87.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7001 = h2095 on 21 Jul 1827 and noted "eF; S; E in the
meridian [north-south]." His
position and description matches UGC 11663. Rudolph Spitaler called this galaxy "pB" (IC 1
Notes), using the 27" refractor at the Vienna Observatory in 1891.
******************************
NGC 7002 = ESO
235-043 = PGC 66009
21 03 44.9 -49
01 47
V = 12.4; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 3d
30"
(11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): brighter of a pair with NGC 7004 5.8' SE. NGC 7002 appears fairly bright,
moderately large, round, 1.2' diameter, well concentrated to a bright core that
increases down to a bright stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star lies 0.9' SE. 2MASX J21034127-4902128, an extremely faint companion, is
just 45" SW of center. It
appeared as a very small glow, ~10" diameter, no details.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7002 = h3848 on 30 Sep 1834 and logged "F; S; R; smbM;
15"." A couple of nights
later, he noted "pF; pL; R; glbM."
******************************
NGC 7003 = UGC
11662 = MCG +03-53-008 = CGCG 448-027 = PGC 65887
21 00 42.4 +17
48 18
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 120d
13.1"
(7/27/84): very faint, small, low even surface brightness, almost round. A faint star is at the NE edge.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7003 on 26 Aug 1864 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. He noted a mag 15 or
16 star follows the center by 2 seconds of time. His RA (measured on two sweeps) is ~4 seconds too
small. MCG fails to label this
galaxy NGC 7003.
******************************
NGC 7004 = ESO
235-046 = PGC 66019
21 04 02.2 -49
06 52
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 73d
30"
(11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): moderately bright, fairly small, very
elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 1.0'x0.3', contains a bright, elongated core. A mag 13 star lies 1.3' E and a 16th
magnitude star is barely off the WSW tip.
Forms a pair with brighter NGC 7002 5.8' NW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7004 = h3849 on 2 Oct 1834 and recorded "eF; R; lbM; has a *
11m 60 seconds following on parallel." His position and description matches ESO 235-046 = PGC
66019.
******************************
NGC 7005
21 01 57.3 -12
52 53
17.5"
(7/24/95): small very unimpressive asterism of five stars including three mag
12 stars in a 1.5' right triangle and three additional mag 14 stars. Only noticeable at all due to the three
brighter stars in a small group.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7005 on 23 Aug 1855 with an 4.5-inch Fraunhofer
refractor at Leipzig and noted a "nebulous star cluster". His position is 45' southeast of M73
. This was the first object
discovered by d'Arrest (along with the double star NGC 607). According to Wolfgang Steinicke, Arthur
Auwers observed it on 9 Sep 1861 at Kšnigsberg and logged "not a nebula,
but only a triangle of three stars."
Herbert Howe called it "simply a coarse cluster, the 3 brightest
stars being 9th mag. No nebulosity
discernable." Reinmuth gave a
similar description based on its appearance on a Heidelberg plate. Also see Harold Corwin's identification
notes.
******************************
NGC 7006
21 01 29.3 +16
11 15
V = 10.6; Size 2.8'; Surf Br = 0.1
18"
(7/24/06): this small globular was viewed at 435x and 565x and it appeared very
mottled and lively in excellent seeing. Two or three very faint stars
were visible pretty steadily and a number of extremely faint mag 16 stars
appeared to sharpen up and momentarily sparkle, particularly in the 1.5' to 2'
halo. Perhaps a total of a dozen stars, sparkled or popped in and out of
view.
CGCG 448-030 is
located just 3.6' SW of the core of NGC 7006! It appeared extremely faint
and small, round, 10" diameter. Requires averted and cannot hold
steadily but repeatedly reacquired. There is an extremely faint star at
the northeast edge which was sometimes noticed instead of the galaxy (or the
galaxy has a stellar nucleus). Forms the south vertex of a small triangle
with two mag 12.7/13.5 stars ~0.6' N and NE. It is nearly on a line between the
globular and mag 7.3 HD 200079 10' SW.
CGCG 448-028 is
11.6' NW of NGC 7006. It appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter,
even surface brightness. Visible
with direct vision. A wide pair of mag 11.5 stars lies 2.5' NNW.
This is the brighter of the two galaxies observed near NGC 7006.
17.5"
(8/5/94): moderately bright, small, 1.5' diameter containing a 1' core and a
small halo. The core has a broad weak concentration with no nucleus.
The halo is mottled but difficult to achieve clear resolution.
Around the edges of the halo four or five mag 15.5 stars or fainter pop
in and out of view. The easiest resolved star is just at the north edge
of the halo, a close pair is at the east edge and a single star is at the
southeast side. An easy pair of mag 14 foreground stars at 20"
separation is off the south side 1.6' from the center. The interacting
system UGC 11672 lies 43' E.
13"
(6/29/84): fairly faint, small, small bright nucleus, small fainter halo.
Mottled and clumpy but not resolved at 360x.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7006 = H I-52 = h2097 on 21 Aug 1784 (sweep 253) and recorded
"pB, iR, easily resolvable, about 1' diam. Hazy, otherwise I suppose I might see the stars in
it." On 16 Oct 1784 (sweep
294), he logged "vB, R, mbM, the brightness extending a good way,
resolvable (see 253 sweep)."
JH made the single observation "B; R; gbM; 60". RA from working list, no transit being
procured."
******************************
NGC 7007 = ESO
187-048 = PGC 66069
21 05 27.9 -52
33 07
V = 12.0; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 2d
30"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, moderately large, elongated 5:3 N-S,
~1.25'x0.75', sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a
stellar nucleus. A string of 5 mag
12-13 stars (oriented E-W) passes to the south and a mag 15.6 star is 0.8' W of
center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7007 = h3850 on 8 Jul 1834 and recorded "pB; vS; R; pslbM;
12"." His mean position
(3 observations) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7008 = PK
93+5.2 = PN G093.4+05.4 = Ced 186 = Fetus Nebula
21 00 32.8 +54
32 36
V = 11.0; Size 98"x75"
48"
(10/24/14): We had a superb view of NGC 7008 unfiltered at 488x and 610x. This
irregular, annular planetary extends ~1.5'x1.2 SSW-NNE with a roughly oval
outline, except on the southwest end. Several stars are involved or just
off the edge, including h1606, a 9.6/11.7 pair at 19Ó, which is just off the
SSE edge. A very bright, elongated knot is at the NNE edge of the rim. A
larger elongated knot is just on its inside (towards the central star), with
the pair of close knots virtually attached. On the opposite SSW end is
the next brightest region, extending nearly 45¡ along the rim. This
larger glow spreads irregularly into the darker center and dims. Another
brighter knot is on the WNW edge of the rim (probably K 4-44), just northeast
of a mag 14 star that is close off the west edge. Finally, another
slightly brighter knot is at the east edge of the rim, close south of another
mag 14 star on the northeast side. The entire southwest side appears as
if it was "nibbled" around the edges, as part of the outer edge is
missing. A mag 13.5 star sits in the center of the darker interior with
the central "hole" darkest immediately east of the central star.
Another darker region is in the southeast quadrant just north of h1606.
18"
(9/10/07): The "Fetus Nebula" is a fascinating annular planetary,
best viewed at high power. Using
452x the oval halo is elongated SSW-NNE, ~85"x65". The most striking feature is a bright,
25" knot on the NNE end that is irregular in surface brightness with a
very small brighter condensation near its south end. The SW quadrant of the planetary is also brighter in an
elongated region and it is weakest on the east and SE edge facing the wide
double star off the south edge. In
the darker center, a mag 13.5 central star is visible and a second fainter mag
14 star is near the NE edge. Also
a mag 14 star is just off the west edge.
NGC 7008 is situated just north of h1606, a mag 9.3/10.2 pair at
18" oriented N-S.
17.5"
(6/28/00): this beautiful, highly structured PN is situated just north of a
wide double star (9.2/10.5 at 18"). At 280x, the annular oval is elongated
SSW-NNE, ~90"x65". A
bright 30" irregular knot is prominent at the NE end. The SW end of the major axis has a fainter
condensation and the rim is clearly dimmest near the double star. The mag 14 central star shines steadily
as does a slightly fainter mag 14.5 on the NE edge. Just off the west edge is another 14th magnitude star. The darker center is faintly luminous
and the surface brightness is irregular over the entire oval giving a mottled,
wispy appearance.
13"
(9/11/82): bright planetary with unusual structure and several stars
involved. The striking complete
annular ring is elongated SW-NE. A
mag 14 central star mag is visible as well as a mag 14 star at the NE edge and
a faint star is off the west edge.
A small brighter knot marks the NE end. The planetary is located just north of h1606 = 9.3/10.5 at
18" separation.
8": unusual
structure, curves and extends further south on the west side. A faint star is embedded.
80mm
(9/10/07): the planetary was
faintly visible in the finder at 25x using an OIII filter.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7008 = H I-192 = h2099 on 14 Oct 1787 (sweep 765) and recorded
"cB, strong nebulosity of an irregular square figure. Seems to contain faint large stars,
about 3' l and 2 1/2' broad."
Two nights later (sweep 768) he noted "the stars which are visible
in it, do not seem to belong to it."
On sweep 211, JH logged "L; E; r; has an appearance of two nuclei
or points of greatest condensation; it touches a fine double star [h1606 =
9.3/10.2 at 18"]." R.J.
Mitchell, LdR's assistant on 19 Aug 1855, recorded "seen as in sketch [PT
1861, pl XXX, fig 37]. 3 st in it,
F neby reaches nearly up to the star sf; B knots in it, the nf one seems
triangular in shape and sometimes I thought it split up by a dark line from sf
to np."
Based on
Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported
"irregular ring structure indicated; the dimensions are 86"x69"
in p.a. 20¡. The two brightest
patches are at the north.. three stars lie in roughly circular gaps in the
nebulosity..."
In a 2001 issue
of Amateur Astronomy magazine, Eric Honeycutt called NGC 7008 the "Fetus
Nebula" due to its appearance in his 22-inch telescope.
******************************
NGC 7009 =
Saturn Nebula = PK 37-34.1 = PN G037.7-34.5
21 04 10.7 -11
21 49
V = 7.8; Size 30"x26"
48"
(10/29/16): the remarkable Saturn Nebula was viewed at 1084x. The intense, inner "ring" is
very elongated (~25"x10") with an unusual warped appearance. The inner ring is brighter on the west
end. The rounder shell extends
~30"x25", slightly elongated WSW-ENE and contains an obvious
"knot" on the north side of the shell. The ansae ("handles" at the end of the jets)
varied in size and orientation, with the western ansae larger, brighter and
angled outward on the north end.
The central star was easily visible.
48"
(10/24/14): at 610x; the western ansae or "handle" at the end of the
jet appeared as a small, narrow bar, roughly perpendicular to the extension,
but slightly tilted, so the north end was pointing outward (west). The eastern ansae was much smaller but
with careful viewing was slightly elongated and tilted in a mirrored
orientation. Also, a very small,
low contrast knot was noted on the north end of the outer shell. Otherwise, the details mentioned in the
observation from last November were all noted.
48"
(11/1/13): the double-shell structure was fascinating at 813x. The bright,
inner ring was surprisingly elongated WSW-ENE, ~30"x10", with an
irregular surface brightness and uneven thickness. The inner darker hole was also elongated, extending nearly
the length of the nebula and was punctuated by a fairly easy central star. This annulus is encased in a rounder,
outer shell, ~30"x25" diameter, with a slightly irregular rim
(brighter at the north edge).
Extending from the main body were the two easily visible
"jets" extending WSW-ENE with prominent "ansae" (handles)
at each tip [separation 44"] with the western tip slightly brighter. The color was generally greenish,
though the outer halo had a salmon-colored tinge.
24"
(7/25/14): viewed at 1000x in good seeing at Lassen National Park (elevation
8200 ft). The intense, inner
annulus is 30"x18" with a bright, moderately thick green rim and
darker center. The central star
was nearly visible steadily within the darker center. The oval annulus was slightly irregular in surface brightness. It was surrounded by a rounder, fainter
envelope, which varied slightly in brightness, particularly on the north side,
which contained a noticeable knot.
The fairly narrow jets were readily visible, though brighter on the west
side. An obvious knot
("ansa") that was slightly elongated was visible at the tip of the
western jet. The eastern extension
only had a weak brightening at the tip.
18"
(7/28/03): Viewed at 1087x in very good seeing. The 30" brighter inner oval is elongated WSW-ENE and
has a noticeable irregular surface brightness (first time this was noted) with
a brighter, thick rim and darker center (partially annular). Surrounding the high surface oval is a
fainter, outer shell although interestingly, the transition appeared more gradual
than at lower power. The
extensions or jets were easily visible with very small knots
("ansae") occasionally visible at the tips.
17.5"
(8/10/91): extremely bright, fairly small, very high surface brightness,
blue-green color, about 30" diameter to the main oval body. At 412x, the two famous extensions or
"jets" are easily visible extending WSW-ENE from the oval disc using
direct vision. The western extension
is brighter and a very small knot (ansae) is visible at moments with
concentration at the tip of the west extension. A faint outer shell surrounds
the bright disc. Numerous
additional observations made since 9/14/85.
13"
(9/3/83): similar view to 17.5", but the eastern extension is more
difficult to view.
8"
(10/13/81): bright, small, blue-green, high surface brightness. Rays extending outward are suspected,
particularly on the western side in excellent seeing at 200x.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7009 = H IV-1 on 7 Sep 1782, over a year before he began his
sweeps. This was WH's first documented deep sky discovery (Wolfgang Steinicke
found an unpublished discovery of NGC 6535 on 24 Aug 1780 while inspecting all
Flamsteed stars) and the only deep sky discovery with his 12-inch f/20
reflector built in 1776 to survey the Messier objects. He described "a
curious nebula, or what else to call it I do not know. It is of a shape
somewhat oval, nearly circular, and with this power [460] appears to be about
10 or 15" diameter. It is of the same shape with 278 but much less
in appearance. With 932 it is still the same shape but much larger.
So that its appearance seems to follow the law of magnifying, from whence
it is clear that it is of some real magnitude in the heavens and not a glare of
light. The brightness in all the powers does not differ so much as if it
were of a planetary nature but seems to be of the starry kind, tho' no star is
visible with any power. It is all over of nearly the same brightness.
The compound eyepiece will not distinguish it from a fixt star, at least
not sensibly...". He observed the planetary during 6 sweeps with his
18.7" and on 2 Aug 1788 (sweep 851) logged, "The planetary nebula,
considerably oval, in the direction of the parallel nearly. Of a bluish
light, but not very well defined."
Wilhelm Struve
independently found NGC 7009 (· 8) in 1825 or 1826 with the 9.6-inch refractor
at Dorpat. It was included in his list of 9 "Nebulae dectae" in
an appendix to his main catalogue of double stars. Auwers and d'Arrest measured
accurate positions. Lord Rosse and
Romney Robinson observed the planetary on 23 Oct 1848 resulting in a sketch and
description, "we have not detected any perforation, but it has ansae,
which probably indicate a surrounding nebulous ring seen edgeways".
Although the nickname "Saturn Nebula" was not mentioned in
Robinson's report to the Royal Irish Academy, Lord Rosse made a solo
observation on 16 Sep 1849 and reported "Saturn neb. Pos of ring 81
deg". Using a 9.5" refractor in 1856, Father Secchi sketched NGC
7009 and noted the nebula was fainter at the ends of the major axis and
brighter along the north and south sides (AN 43, 157).
In 1867 Lassell
reported his "Observations with the Four-foot Equatoreal at Malta"
and his description from 23 Aug 1862 begins "My first impression of this
Nebula was that it was a sky-blue likeness of Saturn". In a letter
dated 26 Sep 1862, he goes into much more detail: In directing my large
equatoreal upon the well-known planetary nebula situated in AR 20h 56m N.P.D.
101¡ 56' (1862), it has revealed so marvellous a conformation of this object
that I cannot forbear to send you a drawing of it [see
www.docdb.net/history/texts/display.php?article=1863rsps___12__269l], with some
description of its appearance. With comparatively low powers, e.g. 231and 285,
it appears at first sight as a vividly light-blue elliptic nebula, with a
slight prolongation of the nebula, or a very faint star, at or near the ends of
the transverse axis. In this aspect the nebula resembles in form the planet Saturn
when the ring is seen nearly edgewise. Attentively viewing it with higher
powers, magnifying respectively 760, 1060, and 1480 times, and under the most
favourable circumstances which have presented themselves, I have discovered
within the nebula a brilliant elliptic ring, extremely well defined, and
apparently having no connexion with the surrounding nebula, which indeed has
the appearance of a gaseous or gauze-like envelope, scarcely interfering with
the sharpness of the ring, and only diminishing somewhat its brightness. This
nebulous envelope extends a little further from the ends of the conjugate than
from the ends of the transverse axis; indeed, it is but very faintly prolonged,
and only just traceable towards the preceding and following stars....
Lassell's sketch
shows the two ansae or handles as faint stars but the outer halo does not
extend as far as the ansae. Hermann Vogel produced an excellent sketch on 20
Sep 1883 using the 27" refractor at Vienna. Besides the prominent inner elliptical ring and an oval
darker central hole, the outer halo extends ENE-WSW and tapers on the ends with
a star-like knot on the WSW end.
******************************
NGC 7010 = MCG
-02-53-024 = IC 5082 = PGC 66039
21 04 39.5 -12
20 18
V = 13.5; Size 2.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 30d
17.5"
(7/1/89): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, weakly concentrated.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7010 = h2100 on 6 Aug 1823. According to Wolfgang Steinicke, this was the first deep sky
object he discovered. He noted
"eF; R; r; 60"." and his position is 10' too far south. Herbert Howe measured an accurate
position in 1899-00.
According to
Harold Corwin, Guillaume Bigourdan misidentified NGC 7010 with a star and
rediscovered the galaxy (at the correct position). Dreyer didn't realize the equivalence, so NGC 7010 was
catalogued again as IC 5082. MCG
(-02-53-024) labels this galaxy as IC 5082.
******************************
NGC 7011
21 01 49.7 +47
21 15
17.5"
(9/23/95): at the NGC position are just some scattered faint stars near a mag
9.5 star located at 21 01 52 +47 24.9.
These do not appear to be worth noting at all by John Herschel. About 15' NE, though, is a fairly
bright scattered group located to the southeast of mag 7.5 SAO 50376. This group is about 5' in length and
elongated NW-SE. Near the center
is the brightest star (mag 10) at 21 02 34 +47 32.7. Also of interest is the Milky Way, which abruptly begins off
the southeast side of the low power field and is magnificent to sweep around in
this region. Listed as nonexistent
in RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7011 = h2101 on 19 Sep 1829 and simply noted "A
cluster. No further
description." There are only
weak concentrations near his position and Karl Reinmuth concludes "no
cluster", based on a Heidelberg plate. RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent.
A small group of
8 mag 13-14 stars in a 3' region lies 2' north of JH's position, and Harold
Corwin lists this asterism as the most likely candidate. But I didn't feel it stood out
visually. Another candidate is
~15' northeast (see visual description).
Brent Archinal was unable to visually identify a candidate. See Harold Corwin's identification
notes for the full story.
******************************
NGC 7012 = ESO
286-051 = PGC 66116
21 06 45.5 -44
48 53
V = 12.7; Size 2.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 100d
30"
(11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 429x): brightest galaxy in the core of ACO S921. I quickly took notes on 10 galaxies
within a 10' circle including four small companions of NGC 7012 within 2'! NGC 7012 appeared fairly bright,
moderately large, round, 50" diameter, well concentrated with a small
bright core. The brightest nearby
companion is ESO-LV 2860520 situated 1.3' SE but two fainter, very small
companions (not included in Megastar) are just off the east and NE edge of the
halo. ESO 286-048, a nice edge-on,
lies 3.4' NW. A mag 12 star lies
1' SW and a mag 15 star is 27" SE of center. The cluster is centered roughly 14' NE of mag 6.9 HD 200554. The following are some of the nearby
galaxies.
Anon
J2106481-444853
Situated just
32" NE of the center of NGC 7012 in a tight group of 5 galaxies within
2'. Appeared as a very faint knot,
round, 10" diameter. LCRS
B210329.4-450104, a similar faint knot, is just 25" SE. There is no listing for this galaxy in
NED, HyperLeda or SIMBAD.
LCRS B210329.4-450104
Situated just
40" E of the center of NGC 7012.
Appeared as a very faint knot, round, 10" diameter with a similar
galaxy (uncatalogued) 25" NW.
A very faint star is just off the SW edge, 17" from center,
sandwiched between this galaxy and NGC 7012.
ESO-LV 2860520 =
2MASX J21065143-4449340 = PGC 66118
This galaxy is
situated 1.3' SE of NGC 7012. It
appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, small brighter
core. 2MASX J21065660-4449137 lies
1' NE.
2MASX
J21065660-4449137 = MAC 2106-4449 = PGC 533284
Picked up 2' ESE
of NGC 7012 in the core of galaxy cluster. Appeared very faint, very small, 15"x10". This is the last of four galaxies that
follow within 2' of NGC 7012!
ESO 286-048
Fairly faint,
very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, 0.9'x0.25', brighter core. Located 3.4' NW of NGC 7012 in the central part of the
cluster.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7012 = h3851 on 1 Jul 1834 and recorded "A nebulous looking
but doubtful object following a star 10 mag. My eye is too much fatigued to be able to decide on its
nature." On a later sweep, he
added "F; E; vgvlbM; 60" l; 30" br; near a star."
******************************
NGC 7013 = UGC
11670 = MCG +05-49-001 = CGCG 491-002 = PGC 66003
21 03 33.3 +29
53 49
V = 11.3; Size 4.0'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 157d
13.1"
(7/20/85): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated NNW-SSE, dominated by a
bright core containing a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 9.5 star (BD+29 4291) lies just off the north edge
1.8' from center. Located less
than 2¡ SE of the bright eastern section of the Veil nebula!
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7013 = H II-203 = h2102 on 17 Jul 1784 (sweep 239) and noted
"pB, bM, irregularly E, resolvable.
Near a bright star."
His position is nearly a minute of time too large. On 11 Sep 1784 (sweep 265) he noted
"F, pL, lE, bM, south following a pB star." JH made two observations,
recording (sweep 177) "pB; S; psbM; 12"; has a * 10m, pos 345¡ by
micrometer; field full of stars."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7014 = ESO
286-057 = LGG 441-010 = PGC 66153
21 07 52.2 -47
10 44
V = 12.4; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 130d
30"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): this galaxy is the brightest member of AGC 3742 = ACO S924
= Indus Group (part of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster). At 394x it appeared fairly
bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with an intense core, slightly
elongated halo ~1.2'x1.0'. Two mag
13.5 stars oriented E-W are 1.2' N.
ESO 286-049,
situated 11' W, is the second brightest cluster member or equal in visibility
to NGC 7014. I noted fairly
bright, fairly small, very small and very bright core, halo elongated 3:2 N-S,
0.6'x0.4'. A mag 10.8 star lies
2.5' NE and the general field is fairly well populated with stars.
PGC 506328 =
2MASX J21075463-4707025 is 3.7' N and appeared faint to fairly faint, very
small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 18"x12".
PGC 101199 =
2MASX J21083864-4709479 is 8' ENE and noted as faint, small, elongated 3:2
NNW-SSE, low surface brightness. A
mag 16 star is situated at the NNW tip.
PGC 130607,
which appeared very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, is located
just 1.5' SW of ESO 286-049 and 12' SW of NGC 7014.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7014 = h3852 on 2 Oct 1834 and recorded "pF; S; R: bM; has
2 st 12th mag north." His
position is at the south edge of ESO 286-057 = PGC 66153 and the two stars are 1.2' north of center.
******************************
NGC 7015 = UGC
11674 = MCG +02-53-012 = CGCG 425-040 = LGG 442-004 = PGC 66076
21 05 37.4 +11
24 51
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165d
13.1"
(6/29/84): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, diffuse, weak
concentration. A mag 15 star is at
the south edge 40" from the center.
8"
(7/24/82): very faint, small, slightly elongated N-S.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7015 = St IX-26 = Sw II-87 on 29 Sep 1878. His micrometric position is very
accurate. Lewis Swift
independently rediscovered this galaxy on 11 Sep 1885 and logged "pF, pS,
R, lbM." His position is 3.5' too far north.
******************************
NGC 7016 = ESO
529-025 = MCG -04-49-013 = VV 764 = AM 2104-254 NED1 = PGC 66136
21 07 16.3 -25
28 08
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5
24"
(8/14/15): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, ~20" diameter,
contains a brighter core. In a group with NGC 7018 3.2' NE and NGC 7017 1.5'
SE.
24"
(9/27/14): faint, very small, round, 18" diameter. Brighter NGC 7017 (double system) is
just 1.5' SE with NGC 7018 (also a double system) 3.2' NE.
18"
(8/25/06): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak even concentration to a
very small brighter nucleus that is occasionally stellar. Located 3' SW of NGC 7108 in the core
of AGC 3744.
17.5"
(8/21/98): first of trio with NGC 7017 and NGC 7018 within AGC 3744. Appears
very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter
core. Forms a close pair with NGC
7017 1.5' SE.
17.5"
(7/21/90): faint, small, round, bright core. Forms a close similar pair with NGC 7017 1' SE with brighter
NGC 7018 3' NNE.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7016 = LM I-237, along with NGC 7017 and NGC 7018,
on 8 Jul 1885. He noted "mag
14.0, eS, R, bMN, 1st of 3."
These three the brightest galaxies in the core of AGC 3744. His rough position (nearest minute of
RA) is about 1.5' south of ESO 529-025.
Herbert Howe's corrected position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7017 = ESO
529-IG26 = MCG -04-49-014 = VV 764 = AM 2104-254 NED2 = PGC 66137
21 07 20.6 -25
29 16
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 90d
24"
(8/14/15): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 E-W,
~30"x18", bright core.
Although sometimes it appeared roundish, occasionally the elongated glow
just resolved into a very close pair [separation 12" between centers] with
the smaller (barely nonstellar) and fainter component on the east side.
24"
(9/27/14): at 375x appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W,
25"x20". Occasionally a
very faint "knot" was attached at the east end, ~6" diameter. This is a merged double system with the
east "knot" listed in NED as NGC 7017 NED2.
18" (8/25/06):
faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~E-W, brighter core. Similar brightness to nearby NGC 7016 but contains a more
condensed core. Located 3.7' SSW
of NGC 7018 in the core of AGC 3744.
17.5"
(8/21/98): very faint, very small, ~30"x20". Similar to NGC 7016 just 1.5' NW within
AGC 3744.
17.5"
(7/21/90): faint, small, round, bright core. Forms a close similar pair with NGC 7016 1' NW.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7017 = LM I-238, along with NGC 7016 and NGC 7018,
on 8 Jul 1885. He noted "mag
15.0, vS, R, bMN, 2nd of 3."
His rough position (nearest minute of RA) essentially matches ESO
529-026 = PGC 66137, though Herbert Howe measured an accurate position with the
20-inch refractor at Denver.
******************************
NGC 7018 = ESO
529-IG 027 = MCG -04-49-015 = VV 764 NED1 = AM 2104-253 NED1 = PGC 66141 = PGC
93985
21 07 25.4 -25
25 44
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 86d
24"
(8/14/15): at 225x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 E-W,
~30"x18". At 375x,
resolved into a very close pair of galaxies [just 10" between centers!]
oriented E-W. The western
component is slightly smaller and fainter, with the brighter 15" component
is on the east side. A mag 13.5
star lies 1' N.
24"
(9/27/14): at 375x, the brightest member in AGC 3744 appeared fairly faint,
fairly small, elongated 5:3 ~E-W.
This double system often resolves into two tangent components; the
eastern member (NGC 7018 NED02 = 2MASX J21072565-2525430) is slightly larger
and brighter (18" diameter) and the western component (NGC 7018 NED01 =
2MASX J21072463-2525569) is very compact (12" diameter).
Nearby are NGC
7016 3.2' SW, NGC 7017 3.7' SSW and MCG -04-49-016 2.6' ENE. The MCG appeared very faint, extremely
small, round, 12" diameter. A
mag 15 star is 0.6' SW.
18"
(8/25/06): brightest in the AGC 3744 cluster. At 220x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2
~E-W, 45"x30", gradually brighter core and slightly brighter along
the major axis. A mag 12.5 star
lies 1' N. Located 10' NE of an 8th
magnitude star and 25' S of 4.5-magnitiude 24 Capricorni.
17.5"
(8/21/98): the brightest member of AGC 3744 appeared faint, small, elongated
3:2 E-W, 30"x20", weak concentration. A mag 13 star lies 1' N. Brightest in a quartet with NGC 7016 3.2' SW and NGC 7017
3.7' SSW.
17.5"
(7/21/90): faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, weak concentration. A mag 13 star is 1.0' N. Brightest in a trio with NGC 7016 and
NGC 7017 3' SW. Located 30' SSE of
24 Capricorni (V = 4.5).
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7018 = LM I-239, along with NGC 7016 and NGC 7017,
on 8 Jul 1885. He noted "vF,
vS, vlE, glbMN, 3rd and brightest of 3." His rough position (nearest minute of RA) is 2' south of ESO
529-027 = PGC 66141 = PGC 93985.
Herbert Howe measured an accurate position with the 20-inch refractor at
Denver.
******************************
NGC 7019 = ESO
529-022 = PGC 66107
21 06 25.7 -24
24 46
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 137d
17.5"
(7/26/95): very faint, small, round, 40" diameter, low even surface
brightness, can just hold steadily with averted vision. Follows a very distinctive
"V" shaped asterism of six equal mag 13-13.5 stars with the vertex at
the west end. This vertex star is
3.4' due west of center.
17.5"
(8/7/91): very faint, very small, round.
Located 3' E of a striking line of four mag 13 stars oriented SW-NE
which are equally spaced and part of a larger string.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7019 = LM I-240 in 1886 and noted mag 15.0, vS,
sbMN. His rough position (nearest
minute of RA, which itself is marked as uncertain) is 1 minute of RA east of
ESO 529-022 = PGC 66107 and matches in declination.
******************************
NGC 7020 = NGC
7021 = ESO 107-013 = AM 2106-641 = LGG 443-002 = PGC 66291
21 11 19.9 -64
01 27
V = 11.8; Size 3.7'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 165d
30"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, fairly large, elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE,
~2.5'x1.2', sharply concentrated with a very bright elongated core that
increases to the center and a very low surface brightness halo. Located 8' E of mag 6.9 HD 201020. Brightest in a small group with IC 5092
41' SE and IC 5096 49' NE.
John Herschel
found NGC 7020 = h3853 on 31 Aug 1836 and recorded "pB; lE; pgbM; 30"
long." He originally
discovered this galaxy on 22 Jun 1835, but made a 30' error in declination too
far north and it was catalogued again as h3854 (later NGC 7021). The error was noted by Lauberts (1980)
in ESO. So, NGC 7020 = NGC 7021.
******************************
NGC 7021 = NGC
7020 = ESO 107-013 = AM 2106-641 = PGC 66291
21 11 19.9 -64
01 27
V = 11.8; Size 3.7'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 165d
See observing
notes for NGC 7020.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7021 = h3854 on 22 Jun 1835 and recorded "pF; R; psbM;
25"; has a * 7-8m 10' preceding, exactly in the parallel. There is nothing at his position, but
30' south is ESO 107-013 = PGC 66291 and the comment about the bright star to
the west clinches this identification.
JH rediscovered this galaxy on 31 Aug 1836, measured an accurate
position, and listed it as h3853 (later NGC 7020). So, NGC 7021 = NGC 7020. Both DeLisle Stewart and Royal Frost reported not finding
NGC 7021 at JH's (erroneous) position (IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7022 = ESO
235-065 = PGC 66224
21 09 35.2 -49
18 13
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 16d
30"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 394x, moderately bright and large, elongated 2:1 N-S,
~45"x20", irregular surface brightness with slightly brighter middle
and major axis but no distinct core.
A mag 16 star is at or just off the north tip. A string of 3 mag 11.5-13 stars oriented NNW-SSE lies 5'
SE. NGC 7029 lies 22' E.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7022 = h3855, along with NGC 7029, on 2 Oct 1834 and recorded
"eeF; S; R; on a delicately and uniformly stipled ground; a bright triple
star 6' or 7' sf nearly points to it."
******************************
NGC 7023 = Iris
Nebula = LBN 487 = Ced 187 = Cr 429 = vdB 139
21 01 36 +68 10
Size 18'x18'
18"
(7/24/06): viewed at 160x, this detailed reflection nebula displayed a great
deal of interesting structure!
Surrounding the mag 7.4 illuminating star is a bright halo of nebulosity
extending mostly north of the star and ending just south of the star in a
well-defined slightly curving border.
A wide dark lane intrudes into the nebulosity from the southwest towards
the bright star. To the south of
the star is a triangular region of haze (brightest just south of the central
star) roughly filling in the region defined by a mag 13.5 star 5.5' SSE and a
fainter star a similar distance southwest. A larger section of faint haze extending N-S is seemingly
detached at the periphery on the east side of the nebula (this is an outer
"wing" on photographs) and a more vaguely defined region of low
surface brightness haze is detached on the western side (also oriented
N-S). These two detached wings
give a diameter of at least 7'.
17.5"
(8/13/88): very prominent unusual nebulosity surrounding mag 7.4 SAO
19158. A dark lane oriented
SSW-NNE is following the bright star.
Nebulosity may extend to a star 3' SSE that also has a halo.
13.1"
(9/22/84): the dark lane appears to be following the central star and oriented
~N-S.
13.1"
(9/11/82): bright, large nebulosity surrounding a mag 7 star. There is a sharp light cut-off on the
east side near the bright star, although nebulosity extends beyond.
8"
(8/28/81): nebulosity extends south of the mag 7.5 star with averted vision
using 100-125x. A very faint star is at the south edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7023 = H IV-74 on 18 Oct 1794 (sweep 1063) and recorded
"7m. A star very much
affected with nebulosity that more than fills the field, it seemed to extend to
at least a degree all round; small stars such as 9 or 10m of which there are a
great number, are perfectly free from this appearance, but everything about the
telescope being very damp, I have suspicion of a deception."
******************************
NGC 7024
21 06 09.1 +41
29 22
Size 8'
17.5"
(10/21/95): this fairly rich Milky Way field shows up reasonably distinctly at
low power with a 20 Nagler. The
densest part consists of 30 mag 12-14 stars in a 6' irregular outline. There is also a looser group of stars
attached to the NE extending the diameter to 15'. The group on the NE side appears part of the same stream and
includes several mag 11 stars.
Listed as nonexistent in RNGC.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7024 = H VIII-57 = h2103 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 612) and recorded
"A cluster of coarsely scattered pS stars of several sizes, not
rich." On 1 Oct 1828 (sweep
183), JH logged "A loose struggling coarse cl. Stars 10...11m, place that of 3 *s 10m in a triangle in the
closest part. Several st precede
the cl, which seems to be an outlier of the second branch of the Milky
Way."
Karl Reinmuth
reported its photographic appearance as "an irregular loose clustering of
st 10..." Although it
may not be a true cluster, RNGC misclassifies the number as nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7025 = UGC
11681 = MCG +03-54-001 = CGCG 449-003 = LGG 442-008 = PGC 66151
21 07 47.3 +16
20 09
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 33d
18"
(10/8/05): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.8'x0.6',
sharply concentrated with a well-defined bright core and a faint halo. The core brightness somewhat to the
center. Located 40" E of a
mag 9.7 star, which is on the east edge of a bright, scattered group of stars
("Toadstool" or French 1).
13.1"
(9/29/84): fairly faint, very small, almost round, small bright nucleus. Located close following a large,
scattered group of bright mag 8-10 stars (dubbed the "Toadstool" by
Sue French) and just 0.7' E of a mag 9.5 star!
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7025 = m 433 on 17 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, vS, R,
stell." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7026 =
Cheeseburger Nebula = PK 89+0.1 = PN G089.0+00.3
21 06 18.6 +47
51 08
V = 10.9; Size 29"x13"
18"
(9/10/07): at 565x the "Cheeseburger Nebula' is easily resolved into two
small, elongated knots oriented ~E-W and with both lobes slightly extended
~N-S. Both knots are lively or
mottled and slightly tapered in shape.
They both contain stellar or quasi-stellar points near their centers
with the western nucleus slightly easier.
The eastern lobe is barely larger and brighter. The lobes are nearly tangent [6"
apart between centers] but just separated by a darker lane and both lobes are
encased on a common halo. At 807x,
the two lobes are clearly separated by a dark lane (the Cheeseburger's
"patty"!) oriented SSW to NNE.
A central star was not seen. A mag 10.5 star is off the NE side, less
than 30" from the center.
Located 13' NNW of mag 4.6 73 Cyg.
17.5"
(7/9/99): fascinating object at 380x both with and without a UHC filter. The double-lobed structure is clearly
visible with the western lobe slightly elongated N-S and containing a brighter
center. The eastern knot also has
a quasi-stellar center at moments using direct vision and the knot has an irregular
outline. Using the UHC, the lobes
are more cleanly separated and the small fainter halo that encases the two
bright lobes is more obvious. A
mag 11 star is just 0.5' NE of center.
Located 12.5' NNW of mag 4.7 63 Cygni.
13"
(9/3/83): at 333x appears fairly bright, very small, elongated WSW-ENE. Two brighter condensations at the
opposite ends are possibly barely detached at the center. Forms a double at low power with a
comparable mag 11 star 27" NE of center.
Sherburne
Burnham discovered NGC 7026 on 6 Jul 1873 with his personal 6-inch Clark
refractor at his home in Chicago (Memoirs of the RAS, Vol 44, p295). It was described in his "Third
Catalogue of Double Stars (1873) as "a very remarkable and curious double,
or elongated planetary (?) nebula" with distance between nuclei as
2.57". Dreyer missed
Burnham's discovery note, so NGC 7026 wasn't included in the GC
Supplement. It was also included
in the micrometric measure in the 1879 paper "Double Star Observations
made in 1877-8 at Chicago with the 18 1/2-inch Refractor of the Dearborn
Observatory, comprising: I. A Catalogue of 251 New Double Stars with Measures;
II. Micrometrical Measures of 500 Double Stars."
Ralph Copeland
independently found this planetary on 18 Nov 1880 using a visual spectroscopic
sweep and announced "a new planetary nebula has been found by Dr. Copeland
at Dunecht, using Prof. Pickering's method of search." Burnham caught Copeland's "discovery"
note and claimed priority in another 1881 article ("The planetary nebula
in Cygnus"). Burnham later
studied NGC 7026 with the 36" Lick refractor.
Based on
Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported "very
irregular; there are two bright lobes 5" long in the shorter exposures
symmetrically placed with regard to the central star, and about 6" apart
from center to center. A bright of
nebulosity connects these and involves the central star, so that it resembles
the letter H. Irregular wisps
extend from each end of this formation, making the total length about 25"
in p.a. about 10¡.
Jay McNeil
coined the nickname "Cheeseburger Nebula" in 1994 with a 10" f/5
Cave reflector. "It very much
so reminded me of a small, nebulous hamburger with two perfectly shaped
"buns" separated by a long thin dark lane (the meat ;-)."
******************************
NGC 7027 = PK
84-3.1 = PN G084.9-03.4
21 07 01.5 +42
14 10
V = 8.5; Size 18"x11"
48"
(10/24/14): this fairly small, ultra-high surface brightness green planetary
was observed at 610x. Overall, the
object extends ~18"x12" NW-SE, but split up into three distinct
components. The first and
brightest component is an elongated glow (~10"x6" NW-SE) on the
northwest side, which contains a very small, intensely bright knot at its
western edge! The second bright
component is adjacent to its east and is separated by a thin, darker lane. This
section has an elongated, irregular outline (~10"x6" NW-SE), and is
slightly mottled with brighter spots.
A thin, high-contrast dark lane runs WSW-ENE at the south edge of these
two sections. The third bright component, just southeast of this lane, appears
as an irregular, elongated bar, running 2:1 WSW-ENE, ~12"x6" and
forms a "cap" on the southeast side. The two ends of this cap are very slightly curved (concave to
the northwest).
18"
(9/10/07): at 175x; appears as a small, very high surface brightness oval with
a blue-green color. At 450x, this
planetary is elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~18"x12" and has an unusual bipolar
appearance with two lobes. The
10" NW component has a very high surface brightness and contains a
quasi-stellar brighter knot on its west edge. A fainter lobe juts out towards the SE and is slightly
smaller (~8"). At 565x the SE
lobe seems incomplete as if it was partially obscured and the two lobes are
encased in a thin outer envelope.
The view was fascinating at 807x with the sense of peering at a
3-dimensional object - the brighter NW lobe being closer and the partially
overlapped SE lobe extending away in space. At this power both lobes were clearly irregular in shape and
surface brightness.
17.5"
(10/2/99): At 100x, the small greenish disc is very prominent but at higher
powers appears bluish. Easily
takes very high power and the view unfiltered at 380x and 500x was striking. Appears elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.3'x0.2',
with two distinct lobes. The NW
knot is slightly brighter and at times a stellar spot or star appears embedded
at its SW tip. At 500x, the two
knots are encased in a very small common halo that extends further out on the
north side. The southern edge of
both knots has a sharp, flat appearance.
13"
(9/11/82): at 288x; small, bright, unusually high surface brightness, elongated
NW-SE. There are two distinct
overlapping nuclei and a narrow dark lane possibly separates these two condensations.
80mm (9/10/07):
visible as a mag 8.5-9 "star" at 12.5x in the 80mm finder and easily
identified using an OIII blink.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7027 = St IX-27 in the fall of 1878 with the 31-inch Foucault
reflector at Marseille. This planetary is probably the brightest object he
discovered. From some reason it
was not included in Esmiol's 1916 re-reduction of Stephan's positions.
The following
observational history is from Wolfgang Steinicke. The Reverend Thomas Webb independently rediscovered NGC 7027
on 14 Nov 1879 using a 9-inch reflector.
He described it as an "object like a bluish 9 mag star, not quite
of stellar character - a small pair, too close to be separated?" At higher magnifications it was seen as
"bright, very ill-defined, nebulous disk of about 4" diameter,
surrounded probably by a little glow, and much resembling the planet
Uranus." Webb's announcement
in several publications created a flurry of interest in late 1879 with
spectroscopic observations by Knott, Copeland, Winnecke, Vogel. In 1880, Dreyer noted Stephan's prior
discovery, though it was still commonly assumed that Webb was the
discoverer. E.E. Barnard observed
NGC 7027 in June of 1889 with the Lick 36-inch at 500x (with Burnham) and
logged, "In the p part there is a small bluish -green star like object -
shining through ? haze.
Occasionally a darkish space separates the condensations into two."
Based on
Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported "the
condensations are not stellar in the shortest exposures. Quite irregular and roughly trinuclear,
though the southern condsation is apparently two masses close together. The southern condensation and the
brighter at the north are 7.5" apart in p.a. 135¡."
******************************
NGC 7028 = CGCG
448-039??
21 08 18 +18 29
=Not found,
Carlson. =**?, Gottlieb. Possibly CGCG 448-039, Corwin.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7028 = m 434 on 17 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, S,
vlE." Near his position are
only stars and its possible he mistook some close pair of stars as a nebula,
though the observation is marked as verified. Harold Corwin found no systematic offset on the sweep that would
point to a specific star(s). Two
possible candidates are UGC 11676 = CGCG 448-039 (mentioned by Corwin), which
lies 2.4 minutes of RA to the west or CGCG 449-005, which lies 17' south. Neither of these objects, though, are
at a simple digit (clerical) offset, so would be simply guesses. See Corwin's notes for more (unlikely)
candidates.
******************************
NGC 7029 = ESO
235-072 = PGC 66318
21 11 52.0 -49
17 01
V = 11.5; Size 2.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 71d
30"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2
WSW-ENE, 1.8'x1.2', strong concentration with a very bright core, rounded ends
to the major axis. A mag 15.1 star
is 50" WSW of center, just off the tip. NGC 7022 lies 22' W.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7029 = h3856, along with NGC 7022, on 2 Oct 1834 and logged
"B; R; gpmbM; 35"."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7030 = ESO
598-028 = PGC 66283
21 11 13.3 -20
29 09
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 70d
17.5"
(7/21/90): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core. An anonymous galaxy is 13' WNW. Located 25' E of 27 Capricorni (V =
6.2).
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7030 = LM I-241 on 3 Sep 1885 and noted "mag
14.0, vS, iR, sbnMN." His rough
position (nearest min of RA) is 1 minute of time west of ESO 598-028 = PGC
66283. Ormond Stone later measured
an accurate position at the Leander McCormick Observatory (repeated in the IC 1
Notes).
******************************
NGC 7031 = Cr
430 = Lund 979 = OCL-210
21 07 12 +50 51
V = 9.1; Size 5'
17.5"
(8/10/91): at 220x, about two dozen stars mag 11-15 in a 6' diameter. At the east edge is close double star
11.4/11.8 with a third mag 11.5 star close SW. A nice string of stars is along the north side extending NW
from the trio including a close double star 12/13 1' N. A mag 11 star is on south side but the
rest of the stars are mag 13-15.
Not very rich but stands out in a rich field. The cluster is fairly scattered except for this region with
brighter stars. At 410x, I used
the sequence of magnitudes in Clark's Visual Astronomy to positively identify a
faint V = 16.1 star and suspected a V = 16.3 star.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7031 = H VIII-74 = h2105 on 21 Sep 1788 (sweep 860) and recorded
"a coarsely sc cl of L stars, not very rich, about 5 or 6'
diam." JH made the single
observation "a curious scattered cluster of triple stars; RA taken from
the working list [of Caroline Herschel]."
******************************
NGC 7032 = ESO
074-026 = PGC 66427
21 15 22.9 -68
17 16
V = 12.9; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 85d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated,
0.6'x0.5', broad weak concentration.
A distinctive 7' group of mag 10.5 and fainter stars that is extended
N-S lies ~6' W.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7032 = h3857 on 20 Jul 1835 and noted "vF; R; glbM;
25"." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7033 = MCG
+02-54-002 = CGCG 426-006 = PGC 66228
21 09 36.2 +15
07 30
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 170d
24"
(6/30/16): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 24" diameter,
well concentrated with a small bright core. A mag 10.8 star is 2.3' NNW. Forms a similar pair with NGC 7034 1.6' NNE.
17.5"
(8/1/89): very faint, small, round, weak concentration, very faint stellar
nucleus. Close pair with NGC 7034
1.6' N.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7033 = m 435, along with NGC 7034, on 17 Sep 1863 and noted
"vF, S, R." His RA is 2
seconds too large.
******************************
NGC 7034 = UGC
11687 = MCG +02-54-003 = CGCG 426-007 = PGC 66227
21 09 38.2 +15
09 02
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 125d
24"
(6/30/16): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated
WNW-ESE, 30"x24", well concentrated with a small bright nucleus. A mag 10.8 star is 1.4' NW. NGC 7034 is the slightly larger of a
similar pair with NGC 7033 1.6' SSW.
Located just east of the border of Delphinus into Pegasus.
17.5"
(8/1/89): very faint, small, slightly elongated, weak concentration, very faint
stellar nucleus. Close pair with
NGC 7033 1.6' S.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7034 = m 436, along with NGC 7033, on 17 Sep 1863 and noted
"vF, vS, R." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7035 = ESO
530-IG15 = PGC 66258
21 10 46.3 -23
08 09
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5"
(8/2/97): brightest in a small group of galaxies - this object was quickly
noticed to be double at 220x oriented WNW-ESE. The very close components are just resolved, round,
~20" diameter each and very similar in brightness. Several faint galaxies are in the field
to the east including ESO 530-018, MCG +05-50-004 and ESO 530-020 (resolved
triple galaxy).
ESO 530-018 is
an extremely faint and small object in the NGC 7035 group. Located 8' ESE of
NGC 7035 and 4' W of the ESO 530-020 triplet. It required concentration and
extended viewing to glimpse this threshold object close (NE) of a mag 15
star. Confusing the observation
further is a second threshold galaxy (MCG +05-50-004) that was also glimpsed on
a couple of occasions close southeast of the star.
MCG -04-50-007
is the middle in a close trio oriented SW to NE. Although appearing very faint and small, this member is the
largest and brightest of the trio (ESO 530-020), seems to have a brighter core
and is slightly elongated ~SW-NE.
MCG -04-50-006 is the furthest southwest and appears extremely faint,
very small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, but direction uncertain due to
faintness. MCG -04-50-008 is the northeast member of the chain and appeared
extremely faint, very small, round.
This galaxy is close SE [40"] of a mag 13 star and is just cleanly
resolved from MCG -04-50-007 to the southwest. The trio is situated 4' S of a striking double star h5251 =
8.5/8.7 at 9".
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7035 = LM II-460 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory. His
rough position (nearest minute of RA) is 21h 11m -23d 05' and he only noted
"iR" with a size of 0.5'.
ESO/Uppsala and Harold Corwin identify ESO 530-015 as NGC 7035 as the
most likely candidate. This is a
close pair of interacting galaxies about 3' south and 34 second of RA west of
Muller's position. Corwin's
Southern Galaxy Catalogue has listings for both components, identified as NGC
7035a and NGC 7035b.
The RNGC
identifies either edge-on ESO 530-018 or nearby MCG -04-50-004 as NGC
7035. This pair lies 5' to 6'
south of Muller's position, though happen to match in RA. As the Leander McCormick positions tend
to be fairly accurate in declination, this identification is less likely. It is also possible that NGC 7035
refers to a close chain of three galaxies 4' east of the edge-on, though Muller
would have probably resolved this trio.
There are a number of galaxies in the area, roughly matching Muller's
declination, so if he was too far west in RA then there are several additional
candidates!
******************************
NGC 7036
21 10 12 +15 22
36
17.5"
(10/21/95): very poor scattered asterism of 10 mag 11-13 stars in a 4'
diameter. This is totally
unimpressive group and surprising it would be noted by John Herschel. Most of the stars form an oval outline
highlighted by a tighter group of four stars within 1' diameter at the south
end of the oval. There are no
stars within the asterism's outline.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7036 = h2104 on 11 Oct 1825 and noted "A scattered cluster
of small stars." A scattered
group of stars is centered about 5' south of JH's position, and this is likely
the intended object. Karl Reinmuth
notes "no distinct Cl" and the RNGC misclassifies the number as
nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7037
21 10 49 +33 44
48
Size 8'x3'
17.5"
(8/25/95): this asterism is elongated 8'x3' in a SW-NE orientation and is
situated in a fairly rich field.
Consists of about 50 stars mag 11-14.5 with the brightest two mag
11/11.5 stars near the center at 50" separation. The region northeast of this pair is fairly rich in mag 13
stars. Appears best at 100x where
it is detached in the field.
Listed as nonexistent in RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7037 = h2106 on 5 Aug 1829 and recorded "a cluster, not
very rich; irreg figure, 8' l, 5' br; stars 11...15m." His position is very close to the
brightest star (11th magnitude) near the center of this group. At Birr Castle in 1876, Sir Robert Ball
called it "Many st, but no remarkable cl." Based on its photographic appearance at Heidelberg, Karl
Reinmuth noted "Cl, pS, E, pP, st pF." Though this group of stars may be an asterism, it stands out
clearly on the DSS and the RNGC misclassifies it as nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7038 = ESO
286-079 = AM 2111-472 = LGG 441-011 = PGC 66414
21 15 07.5 -47
13 14
V = 11.8; Size 3.2'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 127d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly bright, large, elongated nearly 2:1 NW-SE,
2.5'x1.4', broad concentration with a small brighter core. Spiral structure is evident in the
outer halo with two arms noted. One is attached on the northwest side of the
middle region and curls to the south.
A second arm is attached on the south side and curls to the east and
north. A mag 14 star is 1.8'
E. A mag 11 star situated 2.6' NE
is the brightest in a string oriented northwest to southeast.
NGC 7038 is an
outlying member of AGC 3742 = ACO S924 = Indus Group of galaxies. The cluster is roughly 200 million
years distant.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7038 = h3858 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; L; pmE; gbM;
2' l; 90" br." His
position (also measured on the next sweep) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7039 = Cr
431 = Lund 981 = OCL-203
21 10 48 +45 37
V = 7.6; Size 25'
17.5"
(9/7/91): about 125 stars in a 15'-20' diameter. This is a very large, rich triangular group. Two bright mag 7.5 stars are at the SSW
and NNE ends. Also two mag 9 stars
are involved. Very rich in mag
12-13 stars. This is a pretty
uniform cluster with a sprinkling of brighter stars. Excellent low power Milky Way field using a 20mm Nagler.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7039 = h2107 on 19 Sep 1829 and recorded "a star 6-7m
situated just beyond the nf edge of a L, p rich cluster, 11...15m, 20' long, 7'
broad. Extended from nf to
sp." His position matches mag
6.7 HD 201935 on the northeast side of the cluster.
******************************
NGC 7040 = UGC
11701 = MCG +01-54-004 = CGCG 401-008 = PGC 66366
21 13 16.5 +08
51 54
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 150d
24"
(8/31/16): fairly faint or moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated,
25"x20", small brighter nucleus. A mag 15 star is at the south edge of the halo. The SDSS shows an E-W line of 3 faint
stars on the south edge, though the middle "star" is classified as a
galaxy. CGCG 401-006, located 8.7'
SW, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, small bright core,
stellar nucleus.
17.5"
(8/10/91): faint, fairly small, diffuse, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, low almost even
surface brightness. A very faint
mag 15.5 star superimposed at the south edge is identified in CGCG and UGC as
an extremely compact companion with dimensions 15"x7" but NED notes
this may be a close line of three stars.
Forms a pair
with MCG +01-54-003 = CGCG 401-006 = PGC 66355 9' SW. This galaxy appeared very faint, very small, round, bright
core, faint stellar nucleus.
Located almost at the center of a 3' square consisting of four mag
12.5-13.5 stars. In the same 220x
field with NGC 7040 9' NE.
17.5"
(8/31/86): faint, diffuse, irregularly round, no noticeable core. A faint "star" is embedded on
the south edge.
Mark Harrington,
director of the Detroit Observatory in Ann Arbor, discovered NGC 7040 on 18 Aug
1882 with a 12 5/8-inch Fitz refractor.
His discovery note in AN 2479 mentions "it is so faint that I can
only see it after resting my eyes in the dark a few moments. It is about 3' long by half that in
breadth and is extended north and south, the northern end preceding a
bit." Although the size
estimate is too large, his position is a good match with UGC 11701. See Harold Corwin's identification
notes.
******************************
NGC 7041 = ESO
235-082 = LGG 444-001 = PGC 66463
21 16 32.4 -48
21 49
V = 11.2; Size 3.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 85d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; extremely bright, very large, elongated nearly 3:1
E-W, ~2.8'x1.0', high surface brightness, very sharply concentrated with an
intensely bright, very elongated core.
A mag 10.7 star is 2' SSE and a mag 10.4 star is 6' WNW. NGC 7049 lies 27' SE. These two galaxies are the brightest in
a group including ESO 235-083 14' ENE and NGC 7014A/7041B 14' ESE.
ESO 235-083 is
fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 24"x18", broad weak
concentration. A mag 15.6 star is
35" N of center. NGC 7041A is
moderately bright and large, oval 4:3 SSW-NNE, ~0.8'x0.6', slightly brighter
nucleus.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7041 = h3859 on 7 Jul 1834 and recorded "B; pmE; psmbM;
40" l; has a * 11m sf."
His position (measured on 2 sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7042 = UGC
11702 = MCG +02-54-013 = CGCG 426-023 = LGG 442-001 = PGC 66378
21 13 45.8 +13
34 30
V = 12.0; Size 2.0'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 140d
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, moderately large, round, bright core. Forms a pair with NGC 7043 5.4'
NE. A mag 12 star lies 2.3' NE
between the galaxies. Observed
through haze.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7042 = H III-209 on 16 Oct 1784 (sweep 294) and recorded
"vF, S, R." CH's
reduction is 12 seconds west and 1.5' north of UGC 11702. Albert Marth discovery nearby NGC 7043.
******************************
NGC 7043 = UGC
11704 = MCG +02-54-014 = CGCG 426-024 = LGG 442-002 = PGC 66385
21 14 04.2 +13
37 33
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 135d
17.5"
(8/31/86): very faint, small, round.
Located 5.4' NE of much brighter NGC 7042. Observed through haze.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7043 = m 437 on 18 Aug 1863 and noted "vF, S, R." His position is accurate (noted as
verified). Harold Corwin notes
that Reinmuth reported NGC 7043 as "Not found" in his 1927
photographic survey "Die Herschel Nebel" based on Heidelberg plates,
though his remark is in parenthesis indicating the plate was poor in some
respect.
******************************
NGC 7044 = Lund
984 = OCL-198
21 13 09.4 +42
29 46
Size 3.5'
24"
(7/30/16): at 375x and 500x; perhaps a total of 50 stars in a circular 4'
region are resolved over a mottled, scraggly glow. Several of the fainter stars were near my visual threshold,
so popped in and out of view with the seeing. In any case, the cluster is impressively rich at 375x. A 20" pair of mag 11.5/13 stars is
on the east side. A rich but faint
curving chain of stars oriented ~N-S is on the west side (open to the west).
17.5"
(10/5/91): at 100x, faint, small, a few stars are resolved over a 4' glowing
spot. At 200x, about 20 faint
stars are resolved over background haze, 4' diameter, irregular outline. A wide pair of brighter mag 10.5/12.5
stars is at the east edge. About
10 mag 12-13 stars are clearly visible and 10 additional mag 14-15 stars are
visible with averted vision.
Appears like a partially resolved low surface brightness globular
cluster in a rich field.
8" (8/12/83):
about 10 faint mag 12/13 stars over unresolved haze, unimpressive. Elongated N-S, small but not rich. Some scattered bright stars are in
field to the NE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7044 = H VI-24 = h2110 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 612) and recorded
"a very compressed and very rich cluster of extremely S stars, about 4' l
and 3' br. Elongated nearly in the parallel." On 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 620) he also logged "a cl. of
extremely small stars, very compressed wand very rich, about 6' l and 4'
br." On 29 Aug 1829, JH
reported "vF; L; irreg fig; p rich; not mbM; 2 or 3 pL stars, the rest
16...18m; 5' diam."
******************************
NGC 7045
21 14 50.2 +04
30 24
=**, Corwin and
Dreyer.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7045 = h2108 on 16 Jul 1827 and logged "eF; field feebly
illuminated by moonlight, but I remained satisfied of its reality." His position lies between mag 9.3 SAO
126648 and mag 9.6 SAO 126646 (10' south-southwest) and falls close to a
8" pair of faint stars (one is a blended double). Heinrich d'Arrest was unsuccessful in
finding h2108 at Copenhagen in 1864 and Rudolph Spitaler at Vienna reported NGC
7045 "is not a nebula, but only a couple of vF stars close
together." Harold Corwin also
identifies NGC 7045 as this double star (see his identification notes).
RNGC classifies
the number as nonexistent, although the "New Description" appears to
describe a galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7046 = UGC
11708 = MCG +00-54-009 = CGCG 375-020 = PGC 66407
21 14 56.0 +02
50 05
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 115d
17.5"
(5/10/91): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, very diffuse, weak
concentration. Two mag 15 stars are
off the north and south edges. IC
1367 is 15' NW and IC 1365 20' SE.
13"
(6/29/84): faint, very diffuse, irregularly round, even surface
brightness. A group of faint stars
are off the SE edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7046 = H III-858 = h2109 on 10 Oct 1790 (sweep 973) and recorded
"eF, pL, iR, vlbM, requires great attention to be seen." JH made two
observations, first logging on sweep 94, "eF; R; barely visible; night
exquisite." His mean position
is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7047 = UGC
11712 = MCG +00-54-010 = CGCG 375-023 = PGC 66461
21 16 27.6 -00
49 35
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 107d
17.5"
(10/12/85): fairly faint, elongated WNW-ESE, a very faint star is at the WNW
end. Appears like a small comet
with a star for the head. Located
13' S of mag 7.9 SAO 145257.
Similar notes on 8/1/86.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7047 = St V-5 on 20 Aug 1873 and recorded "eF, vS; two
condensation points on the same parallel at 2 seconds [RA] interval." His position is accurate. One of the condensations points is
probably the superimposed star at the west end.
******************************
NGC 7048 = Hb 9
= PK 88-1.1 = PN G088.7-01.6
21 14 14.2 +46
17 28
V = 12.1; Size 62"x60"
48"
(10/27/16): at 375x (unfiiltered); bright, fairly large, nearly round,
irregular surface brightness. The
rim is slightly brighter along the west and northwest side in a thin strip and
very weakly enhanced on the east edge.
A bright mag 10.5 star is just off the SSE edge and a mag 15.7 star is
very near the NNW edge (180¡ opposite the bright star). There is one brighter interior star on
the northwest side [17" from center]. In addition a couple of very faint stars are superimposed.
24"
(8/30/16): at 376x unfiltered; fairly bright, moderately large, very slightly
elongated N-S, seen full size at ~60" diameter. The rim is slightly brighter along and the western side and
very weakly enhanced on the eastern edge.
On the northwest side is a brighter, circular region with a faint
(interior) star embedded. Overall
the planetary has a very weak annular appearance. A mag 8.3 star is 3.3' WSW, a mag 10.5 star is off the SSE
edge [42" from center] and a faint star is barely off the NE edge
[30" from center].
18"
(9/10/07): at 280x unfiltered appears as a moderately bright disc that is
slightly elongated ~N-S, ~65"x60". A mag 10.5 star lies just off the south end (42" from center)
and a mag 13 star is off the north end (60" from center). Appears slightly brighter along the
west edge and to a lesser extent along the east edge, giving a weak annular
appearance. A faint star is right
at the northeast edge of the rim and an interior star is on the northwest
side. Also, an extremely faint
star is sometimes visible at the north-northwest edge of the rim. Located 3.3' ENE of mag 8.3 SAO 50601.
17.5"
(8/7/91): bright, fairly large, slightly elongated N-S. Extends between a mag 10.5 star just
off the south end (46" from the center) and a mag 13 star off the north
end (1.0' from center). Extremely
faint stars are superimposed at the west and NNE edge. Appears slightly brighter along the
west and east side of the disc and the planetary has a slightly darker center
(weakly annular). No central star
was visible. Located 3.3' ENE of
mag 8 SAO 50601.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7048 = St IX-28 on 19 Oct 1878. His micrometric position is very accurate. This is the most northerly object
discovered by Stephan at Marseilles as he only searched up to the zenith.
******************************
NGC 7049 = ESO
236-001 = AM 2115-484 = LGG 444-003 = PGC 66549
21 19 00.3 -48
33 43
V = 10.7; Size 4.3'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 57d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; extremely bright, large, oval 4:3 SW-NE, at least
2.0'x1.5', high surface brightness, very sharply concentrated with a blazing
core that is mottled and increases to a stellar nucleus. A faint star is embedded just west of
the core (not visible on overexposed images).
Brightest in a
group a (LGG 444), along with NGC 7041 27' NW. ESO 235-85 lies 7.5' WNW. NGC 7049A = ESO 235-84 + NGC 7041B lies 14' NW. Also one of the brightest members of
the Pavo-Indus Cloud along with NGCs 7041, 7083, 7144, 7205.
ESO 235-085 is
fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 24"x18", very high
surface brightness. A mag 15.6
star is 35" N of center.
James Dunlop
discovered NGC 7049 = D 406 = h3860 on 4 Aug 1826 and recorded "a small
round nebula, about 12 or 15 arcseconds diameter, very bright immediately at
the centre, resembling a small star surrounded by an atmosphere. This is N.f. a
star of the 6th magnitude."
His position is 4' ENE of center.
JH observed the galaxy twice, improved the position, and logged on 30
Sep 1834, "vB, pS, pmE, psvmbM, 25" long, 15" broad." Two nights later he noted "B, R,
pgmbM, 1'."
******************************
NGC 7050
21 15 08 +36 10
30
Size 5'
17.5"
(8/25/95): this interesting asterism consists of three distinct groups of stars
each about 4' apart from the other two groups. The south group has five stars including the brightest mag
10 star. The west group has four
stars in a small clump with a detached wide pair a couple of arc minutes
south. Finally, the richest group
is on the east side with 15 stars mag 12.5-15 in a 2' circle. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7050 = h2111 on 19 Aug 1828, though apparently didn't take any
notes. The Slough Catalogue
reports "No description. A
cluster." His position falls
near the brightest mag 12 star in one of the northeast subgroup in my visual
description. Ld Rosse: "
About a dozen B stars and a number of S ones scattered about." On 5 Oct 1866, Sir Robert Ball logged
at Birr Castle, "about a dozen B stars and a number of S stars scattered
about it." RNGC classifies
this asterism as nonexistent, though it is pretty clearly JH's intended object.
******************************
NGC 7051 = MCG
-02-54-004 = PGC 66566
21 19 51.4 -08
46 53
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5"
(7/1/89): moderately bright, fairly small, oval ~E-W, halo gradually increases
to a small bright core containing a stellar nucleus. An extremely faint star is possibly involved at the east
side. A wide double star is 2' W
(mag 11/13.5 at 26").
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7051 = h2113 on 30 Jul 1827 and recorded "vF; R; gbM; near
a double star." There is
nothing at his position and it was not found on 3 attempts at Birr Castle (on a
bad night, a nebula was suspected near a faint double star). But exactly two minutes of time west of
JH's position is MCG -02-54-004 = PGC 66566, and it is preceded by an unequal
double star. Heinrich d'Arrest
measured an accurate position on 26 Aug 1864 and on a second observation, noted
the two minute discrepancy with JH's RA.
Dreyer used d'Arrest's position in the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7052 = UGC
11718 = MCG +04-50-006 = CGCG 471-005 = PGC 66537
21 18 33.0 +26
26 49
V = 12.4; Size 2.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 64d
13.1"
(7/20/85): moderately bright, pretty edge-on WSW-ENE. Bulging bright core contains a substellar nucleus, fainter
extensions. At 220x an extremely
faint mag 15 star is visible off the NE edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7052 = H III-145 = h2112 on 10 Sep 1784 (sweep 263) and noted
"vF, lE, stellar." His position is less than 1' south of UGC
11718. On 14 Oct 1786 (sweep 610),
he reported "F, S, lE, bM. I
see it much clearer this way [front view], than I have formerly done (263
sweep) in the Newtonian construction." JH logged "F; R; 20"; the RA may be 2 or 3 seconds
out." His RA is 13 seconds
too large.
******************************
NGC 7053 = UGC
11727 = MCG +04-50-009 = CGCG 471-008 = II Zw 124 = PGC 66610
21 21 07.6 +23
05 05
V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, small bright core. A mag 11 star is 45" SW. Located 12' NNW of a mag 7.9 star.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7053 = m 438 on 2 Sep 1863 and noted "pB, S,
vlE." His position is off the
southwest side of UGC 11727 = PGC 66610. Heinrich d'Arrest independently
rediscovered this galaxy on 8 Oct 1865.
His accurate micrometric position (measured twice) was used in the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7054 = NGC
7080 = UGC 11756 = MCG +04-50-012 = CGCG 471-011 = PGC 66861
21 30 01.9 +26
43 04
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
See observing
notes for NGC 7080.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7054 = St IV-4 on 31 August 1872. There is nothing at Stephan's
position and there is no specific listing for NGC 7054 in Emmanuel Esmiol's
1916 re-reduction of Stephan's positions.
But Corwin noticed an "anonymous" object in Esmiol's table is
listed with Stephan's original offset but from a different star. This leads to a position near NGC 7080
(discovered earlier by Marth). But
apparently Esmiol, like Stephan, misidentified the offset star as PPM 113035 is
exactly at Stephan's offset from NGC 7080. NGC 7080 is listed independently in Esmiol's table based on
an observation on 17 Aug 1873, so apparently Stephan revisited the field a year
later, but this time the offset star was correctly identified.
******************************
NGC 7055
21 19 25 +57 35
24
Size 3'
17.5"
(8/25/95): this is a small, unimpressive group of just 10 mag 12-14.5 stars in
a 3' region. The group is only
distinguishable because it is detached in the field. There are some brighter scattered stars to the south, which
John Herschel may have included in his 8' estimate. The group of stars appears to be fully resolved and just an
asterism. Interestingly, there is
a large, fairly bright and rich star field about 30' SW centered about 21 16.5
+57 28" (2000) which appears to be a cluster but is not listed in the
Lynga catalogue.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7055 = h2114 on 25 Sep 1829 and recorded "a F, S, poor
cluster, 8' dia." His
position corresponds with a very small group of 10 faint stars. Based on a Heidelberg plate, Reinmuth
noted "a few F st clustered very loosely." RNGC classified this perfectly good asterism as nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7056 = IC
1382 = UGC 11734 = MCG +03-54-008 = CGCG 449-019 = PGC 66641
21 22 07.5 +18
39 56
V = 12.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5"
(8/2/86): fairly faint, small, almost round. A small brighter core appears offset to the west and gives
the impression that the galaxy is slightly elongated.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7056 = m 439 on 17 Sep 1863 and noted "pF, S, R." His
position matches UGC 11734 = PGC 66641.
Harold Corwin notes that Truman Safford independently rediscovered this
galaxy on 29 Sep 1866 with the 18.5-inch refractor at the Dearborn Observatory
and described Sf 55 (later IC 1382) as "pF, pS, iF." His RA, though, is nearly five minutes
too large, but a good match in declination. So, NGC 7056 is probably equal to IC 1382.
******************************
NGC 7057 = ESO
287-017 = MCG -07-44-004 = AM 2121-424 = LGG 445-003 = PGC 66708
21 24 59.0 -42
27 37
V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 132d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, moderately large, elongated 5:4 NW-SE,
0.9'x0.7', gradually brightens to a brighter core and stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star is at the east edge
[27" from center]. Second
brightest in a trio with NGC 7060 10.5' ENE. AM 2122-424 lies 7.4' ESE and
appeared very faint, small, round, 18" diameter.
18"
(8/19/09): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE,
30"x20". There appears
to be an extremely faint star at the east edge. First of two with NGC 7060 10' ENE. Viewed at only 10¡ elevation.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7057 = h3861, along with NGC 7060, on 2 Sep 1836 and recorded
"eF; vS; R; the preceding of 2 [with NGC 7060]." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7058
21 21 39.8 +50
50 17
17.5"
(8/25/95): bright, scattered group including mag 7.9 SAO 33352 and four other
mag 9.5-10 stars in a 4'-5' region forming the borders of the group. There are
roughly two dozen stars mag 13-14.5 in the immediate vicinity but the density
of the fainter stars is actually lower than other rich regions in the same low
power field. So, only
distinguishable because of the grouping of brighter stars which may form a
physical group. Listed as
nonexistent in RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7058 = h2115 on 8 Sep 1829 and simply noted "the chief star
of a coarse, poor cl." There
is no bright star near his position, but 40 tsec of RA following and 1.5' north
is a bright, scattered group including 8th magnitude SAO 33352 at 21 21 39.8
+50 50 17. Copeland, observing at
Birr Castle in 1871, noted it was a "Cl, vP, in milky way." and
Reinmuth called it simply "a few B st", based on a Heidelberg
plate. RNGC classifies this Milky
Way asterism as nonexistent (Type 7).
******************************
NGC 7059 = ESO
145-005 = PGC 66784
21 27 21.5 -60
00 53
V = 11.9; Size 3.5'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 98d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 E-W, ~2'x1',
well concentrated with a round very bright core. There is knot (in a spiral arm?) near the northwest end of
the core. A mag 10.6 star is 1.9'
S of center. This star is a fairly
close, very unequal pair (not catalogued in the WDS) and was just resolved. Two
additional equally spaced stars extend to the southwest. Also, three collinear mag 13 stars
extend to the west of the galaxy.
IC 5110 lies 25' E.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7059 = h3862 on 22 Jul 1835 and recorded "B; lE; gpmbM;
90" l, 40" br." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7060 = ESO
287-022 = MCG -07-44-006 = AM 2122-423 = LGG 445-009 = PGC 66732
21 25 53.5 -42
24 37
V = 12.9; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 124d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright or very bright, fairly large, ~1.2'x1.0'
diameter, sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a
stellar nucleus. Two mag 13 stars
are 2.0' NNW and 2.8' NW, a mag 14 star is 2' E, and a mag 16 star is 30"
SSW. Brighter in a trio with NGC
7057 10.5' WSW and much fainter AM 2122-424 5' SSW (logged as "very faint,
small, round, 18" diameter).
The physical group includes NGC 7060, 7057, 7070, 7072 and 7072A.
MLO 6, a very
bright mag 5.6/8.2 pair at 2.7" lies 15' SW. The relatively faint companion in this large mag contrast
pair appeared orange-red.
18"
(8/19/09): faint, fairly small, orientation difficult to determine as sometimes
appeared round (core?) and other times elongated 4:3 or 3:2, weak
concentration, ~40"x30".
Two mag 14 stars lies 2' N and 3' NW. Brighter of a pair with NGC 7057 10' WSW. Located 18' NW of a mag 5.6/8.1 pair at
2.9".
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7060 = h3863, along with NGC 7057, on 2 Sep 1836 and recorded
"vF; S; R; the following of 2 [with NGC 7057]." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7061 = ESO
236-013 = PGC 66785
21 27 26.9 -49
03 48
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 137d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x and 394x; moderately bright, elongated 2:1 or 5:2
NW-SE, ~36"x 18", small brighter core. In line with three nearby mag 15.5, 14.5 and 13.5 stars
extending to the southeast
NGC 7071 is the
brightest in a small (physical) group including ESO 236-014 2.5' S and Fairall
970 4.6' SW. ESO 236-014 appeared
fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 20"x14". A mag 13.5 star is 1.4' E. Fairall 970 is moderately bright,
fairly small, high surface brightness, very bright core, elongated halo
WNW-ESE, 0.4'x0.25'. A mag 16.2
star is just off the WNW end. I
was surprised that this galaxy is nearly as prominent as NGC 7061!
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7061 = h3864 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "eeF; vS; R;
10"; the feeblest object imaginable." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7062 = Cr
434 = Lund 988 = OCL-205
21 23 27 +46 22
42
V = 8.3; Size 7'
17.5"
(8/7/91): about 30 stars mag 10 and fainter in a 5' diameter at 220x. The brightest stars form a
parallelogram enclosing the cluster.
A mag 10 star is at the east end and a mag 11 star is at the west
end. Most of the cluster stars in
the interior are mag 12.5-14.
8"
(7/16/82): rich, small. Includes
many mag 12-13 stars over haze, very mottled and dense.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7062 = H VII-51 = h2116 on 19 Oct 1788 (sweep 868) and recorded
"a pretty compressed cl. of pS stars, considerably rich, 5 or 6' dia,
iR." JH made 3 observations,
first recording (sweep 203), "a neat, pretty compact cluster of 50 or 60
stars 4' diam; irreg fig; a * 13m taken, the chief in the preceding part."
******************************
NGC 7063 = Cr
435 = Lund 990 = OCL-192
21 24 21 +36 29
12
V = 7.0; Size 8'
17.5"
(8/7/91): about 35 stars mag 9-15 in a 10' region. Very bright, fairly large, elongated ~N-S. Includes about ten bright stars mag
9-10.5. This is a scattered group
with no rich sections. A line of
four bright stars is at the west edge and a curving arc of bright stars is just
following. Includes a triple star
(ES 2126) consisting of a close 4" well-matched mag 11 double star and a
third member at 9".
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7063 = h2117 on 19 Aug 1828 and recorded "a poor cluster,
stars 10m." His position
matches this bright, scattered cluster.
******************************
NGC 7064 = ESO
188-009 = PGC 66836
21 29 03.0 -52
46 03
V = 12.5; Size 3.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 91d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, very large, thin edge-on 7:1 E-W,
~2.5'x0.35', no distinct core. The
surface is slightly mottled and two or three stellar or quasi-stellar knots
were noted (probable HII regions); one near the west end, one east of center,
and one near the center. A mag 10
star is 1.3' SSW of center and a mag 14 star is 1' to its east.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7064 = h3865 on 8 Jul 1834 and recorded "eF; vmE; in pos =
90.8¡; vgbM; 80" l; has a star south."
******************************
NGC 7065 = MCG
-01-54-017 = PGC 66766
21 26 42.4 -06
59 43
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 25d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, extremely small, round, bright stellar nucleus or star
superimposed, just non-stellar (only core visible). Located 4.7' WSW of mag 8.8 SAO 45403 and 10.3' W of mag 7.6
SAO 45409. Forms a pair with NGC
7065A 4.2' ESE.
The companion
appeared very faint, fairly small, weak concentration, very low surface
brightness diffuse glow. Collinear
with mag 8.8 SAO 145403 2.7' N and a mag 11 star 6.0' N. Also a mag 11 star is 3.1' E and mag
7.6 SAO 45409 is 6.3' E! Close to
the mag 11 star that follows are two fainter mag 13 and 14 stars.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7065 = St VIII-12 (first list) on 24 and 25 Aug 1865
and his discovery positions match MCG -01-54-017 = PGC 66766. Stephan independently discovered MCG
-01-54-017 on 22 Sep 1876. His micrometric
position is very accurate. Albert
Marth first observed the field on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, irr R."
for m 440. But Marth's position
matches MCG -01-54-018 = PGC 66774, which is often identified as NGC
7065A. Dreyer assumed d'Arrest's
object was the same as Marth's and used d'Arrest's micrometric position in the
NGC (Stephan was not credited). He
noted in the description, though, that Marth's RA was 13 seconds larger. For comparison, here are the positions
for 2000:
21 26 42.4 -06
59 43 NGC 7065 = MCG -01-54-017 =
PGC 66766
21 26 45.7 -06
59 41 d'Arrest (mean of 2
positions)
21 26 43.3 -06
59 46 Stephan
21 26 42.9 -06
59 48 Esmiol's re-reduction
21 26 57.8 -07
01 18 NGC 7065A = MCG -01-54-018 =
PGC 66774
21 26 58 -07
02 Marth
So, while
d'Arrest and Stephan discovered NGC 7065, Marth apparently discovered NGC
7065A, a larger, lower surface brightness companion 4' southeast. Interestingly, all three observers only
found a single galaxy, though both MCG galaxies were observed in my 17.5"
and fairly similar in ease of visibility.
So, NGC 7065A should have received a separate NGC number -- unless
Marth's position was very poor, and coincidentally matches NGC 7065A. The RNGC positions for both galaxies
are 2' too far south (see my RNGC Corrections #4). See Harold Corwin's identification notes for more.
******************************
NGC 7066 = UGC
11741 = MCG +02-54-025 = CGCG 426-054 = II Zw 130 = PGC 66747
21 26 13.8 +14
10 57
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6
17.5"
(8/2/86): fairly faint, very small, elongated, stellar nucleus. A mag 12 star is just north.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7066 = Sw IV-80 = Sw V-92 on 31 Aug 1886 (included in both lists
with the same dates) and recorded "eeeF; eee diff.; close sf of middle of
3 faint stars in a curve, middle star the brighter. Nebula nearly on the same parallel as the south star of 4 in
a row preceding." His
position and description matches except the last comment should read
"Nebula nearly on the same parallel as the north star of 4 in a row
preceding."
******************************
NGC 7067 = Cr
436 = Lund 989 = OCL-208
21 24 12 +48 00
42
V = 9.7; Size 3'
17.5"
(8/10/91): about 20 stars in a 3' field.
Faint but fairly rich, most stars very faint. Superimposed over unresolved background haze. The two brightest mag 12 stars are at
the SW and NE corners. A rich
string of very faint mag 14-15 stars oriented NW-SE is in the center as well as
two mag 13 stars.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7067 = H VII-50 = h2118 on 27 Sep 1788 (sweep 866) and recorded
"a few small stars with suspected nebulosity. 300 shows a great many smaller stars intermixed with the
former, in the shape of a cluster."
Although not visually distinctive, his position matches this small
cluster. JH made the single
observation "A double star.
The chief of a poor cl."
His position matches HJ 1644 (SAO 5080), which is 4' east of the faint
but rich section. Perhaps he
failed to resolve these stars?
******************************
NGC 7068 = MCG
+02-54-027 = CGCG 426-055 = PGC 66765
21 26 32.4 +12
11 03
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 165d
17.5"
(8/1/89): very faint, small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE. A mag 14 star is at the NNE edge 20" from center. Located just 1.1' SSE of a mag 9.5
star.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7068 = m 441 on 7 Nov 1863 and noted "eF, close to a small *." His position is 1' too far south and
the small star is at the northeast edge.
******************************
NGC 7069 = UGC
11747 = MCG +00-54-019 = CGCG 375-040 = PGC 66807
21 28 05.9 -01
38 49
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 20d
18"
(8/14/07): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.25', very small
bright core. Five faint IC galaxies lie within 35' to the north.
17.5"
(7/16/88): faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, weak concentration.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7069 = m 442 on 12 Oct 1863 and noted "vF, S, R,
stell." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7070 = ESO
287-028 = MCG -07-44-016 = LGG 446-001 = PGC 66869
21 30 25.4 -43
05 14
V = 12.3; Size 2.3'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 22d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly prominent due to large size but overall
modest surface brightness. Appears
as a large cottony oval SSW-NNE, ~1.7'x1.4'. There appears to be a brighter bar in the center oriented
E-W and a strong suggestion of structure in the outer halo. There is either a stellar knot or star
superimposed just west side of the weak "bar" (Carnegie-Irvine image
shows this to be a star) and the halo either contains some slightly brighter
regions or knots. NGC 7072 lies
4.5' SSE and NGC 7072A is 7' due south.
18"
(10/16/09): very faint, very low surface brightness patch with no
concentration. Requires averted to
glimpse a 1' hazy glow with no definite edge. First and largest in a trio with NGC 7072 4.5' SE and NGC
7070A 21' NE. The observation was
affected by the low elevation of this group, though this may be a very diffuse
galaxy.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7070 = h3866, along with NGC 7072, on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded
"F, L, vlE, vglbM, 2' broad, the preceding of two [with NGC 7072]."
On a later sweep he called it "F, pL, lE, gvlbM, 1'." His mean position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7071
21 26 39.7 +47
55 15
Size 7'
18"
(10/8/05): this "nonexistent cluster" is located in a glorious low
power Milky Way field. Several
groupings (both large and small) caught my eye at 73x (67' field), but I was
mostly drawn to a fairly distinctive 4' string of stars oriented NW-SE. At 225x, ~15 stars were packed into the
string, most stars being mag 13-14 with a few fainter stars, and possibly over
unresolved Milky Way background glow.
This group would have likely caught John Herschel's eye as he swept the
region, though it may be an asterism (not in Lynga).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7071 = h2119 on 19 Sep 1829 and recorded "A very poor and
small cluster of an oblong figure.
It is followed by a loosely scattered mass of stars." His position corresponds with a 7' to
8' curving string of stars.
Surprising, Karl Reinmuth was unable to identify this group on a
Heidelberg plate and noted "not found; = N7067?" Dorothy Carlson repeated this comment
in her 1940 NGC Correction paper as well as in the RNGC.
******************************
NGC 7072 = ESO
287-031 = MCG -07-44-018 = LGG 445-010 = PGC 66874
21 30 37.1 -43
09 08
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 90d
30"
(10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, round, 30"
diameter, weak concentration to center.
Second brightest in trio with NGC 7070 4.5' NNW and NGC 7072A 3.7'
SSW. NGC 7072A appeared fairly
faint, round, 35"-40" diameter, low even surface brightness, no core
or zones.
18"
(10/16/09): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15". Forms a trio with NGC 7070 4.5' NNW and
NGC 7072A 3.7' SW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7072 = h3867, along with NGC 7070, on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded
"F; S; R; vglbM; 30"; the following of 2 [with NGC 7070]." His position (measured on two sweeps)
is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7073 = MCG
-02-54-010 = Mrk 899 = PGC 66847
21 29 26.0 -11
29 17
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, small, round, very low even surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is off the SE end.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7073 = m 443 on 25 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, vS, irr R."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7074 = CGCG
401-027 = II Zw 133 = PGC 66854
21 29 38.8 +06
40 57
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 115d
24"
(9/7/13): at 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE,
0.5'x0.2'. There was no noticeable
core but seemed brighter along the NE edge. Located 6' NNE of mag 6.4 HD 204603. PGC 1307717, an extremely faint and
small round glow, 12"-15" diameter, lies 7.5' NNW.
17.5"
(10/17/98): faint, small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, very weak concentration. A mag 13.5 star lies 1.4' NE. Located 7' NNE of mag 6.6 SAO 126834.
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, round, weak concentration.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7074 = m 444 on 16 Oct 1863 and noted "vF, S, E." Although marked as verified, his
position is nearly 7' north of CGCG 401-027 = PGC 66854 (double galaxy). Bigourdan measured an accurate position
on 31 Jul 1886 as well as Rudolph Spitaler in 1891 with the 27-inch refractor
at the Vienna University Observatory.
CGCG fails to label this galaxy as NGC 7074.
******************************
NGC 7075 = ESO
343-004 = MCG -07-44-020 = LGG 445-011 = PGC 66895
21 31 33.0 -38
37 05
V = 12.7; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 116d
17.5"
(10/5/91): very faint, small, round, small bright core. Located 3.8' S of a mag 9.5 star
(9.9/11.1 at 5") and 10' ENE of mag 7.5 SAO 213054 (wide pair) at the west
edge of the 220x field.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7075 = h3868 on 4 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; S; R; psbM;
15"." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7076 = Abell
75 = PK 101+8.1 = PN G101.8+08.7
21 26 23.6 +62
53 33
V = 14.5; Size 67"x47"
24"
(10/3/13): picked up unfiltered but very good contrast gain with a UHC filter
at 225x. Appeared moderately
bright, slightly elongated ~48"x40". Clearly brighter along the eastern side with the brightest
portion directly east of center, giving a partially annular appearance. Unfiltered a mag 14.5 star is at the
east edge and a mag 15 star is involved at the north edge. Two mag 13.5/14 stars just north are
collinear with the planetary.
Located in a rich star field 16' SE of mag 7.4 HD 204211.
18"
(10/9/04): picked up at 73x (31 Nagler) as a fairly small (for an Abell
planetary), fairly faint disc, perhaps 35"-40" in diameter. Appears evenly illuminated at low
power. Viewed unfiltered at 160x
and a couple of faint stars are embedded, one at the east edge and another at
the north. Only a weak contrast
gain using the OIII filter and easier to view unfiltered at 225x. At this power the shape appears
irregular and brighter along the east side. Neither of the two stars appears to be the central star as
they're situated near the edge of the halo. A number of 13-15th magnitude stars are in the field
including a couple of 14th mag stars 1' and 2' N and a small, fainter trio
close west. Located 56' ENE of mag
2.5 Alpha Cephei (Alderamin).
17.5"
(7/5/86): fairly faint at 79x using an OIII filter, slightly elongated, moderately
large, estimate V = 13.5-13.8.
Faintly visible unfiltered.
At 222x two stars are superimposed; a faint star east of center and one
at the north edge. The planetary
is collinear with two mag 14 stars 1' N and 2' N. Located 15' SE of mag 7.2 SAO 19386. Not identified as NGC 7076 in CGPN and
ESO-Strausberg catalogues.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7076 = H III-936 on 15 Oct 1794 (sweep 1062) and noted "vF,
easily resolvable." His
position is 7 min 54 sec of RA east and 16' north of Alpha Cephei. Just 2' further north is the planetary
Abell 75, which was catalogued by Abell but not associated with the NGC
number. The ESO-Strausberg
planetary catalogue also uses the Abell designation. It was not found during a single attempt on 15 Sep 1873 at
Birr Castle.
RNGC lists NGC
7076 as a diffuse nebula instead of a planetary and furthermore the declination
is 6' too far south. I found the
equivalency between NGC 7076 and Abell 75 and listed it in RNGC Corrections #3.
******************************
NGC 7077 = UGC
11755 = MCG +00-54-028 = CGCG 375-047 = Mrk 900 = PGC 66860
21 29 59.6 +02
24 51
V = 13.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 160d
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, fairly small, diffuse, fainter than NGC 7081 21'
ENE. Located 4.5' SW of mag 8.2
SAO 126846 at the Pegasus border.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7077 = m 445 on 11 Aug 1863 and simply noted "F". His position is fairly accurate, so the
identification is certain.
******************************
NGC 7078 = M15
21 29 58.3 +12
10 01
V = 6.3; Size 12.3'; Surf Br = 0.3
17.5"
(8/5/94): extremely bright with a halo extending to about 11' diameter and a 3'
very bright core containing a 30" intense nucleus. The halo is very highly resolved into
fairly bright stars although the stars are irregularly scattered in the outer
halo. The halo extends 85% to mag
7.7 SAO 107179 just off the NNE edge of the halo and many stars in the halo
appear to be arranged in loops and strings. The core is extremely densely packed with stars down to a
very small intense glow at the center.
This 30" nucleus is concentrated to the geometric center
("core collapse"). The
faint planetary Pease 1 is situated just 30" NNE of center (see
observation).
13.1": very
bright, very large, very small intense nucleus surrounded by a bright
core. Superb resolution down to
the center of core.
8": very
bright, large, intense core is very compact and dense, surrounded by inner halo
with many stars superimposed, outer halo well resolved into long distinct
streamers. A mag 7.6 star is at
the NNE edge of the halo.
Naked-eye
(7/11/07): easily visible naked-eye at Lassen National Park as a small, hazy
spot just west of a 6th magnitude star.
Naked-eye
(7/26/06): Located 17' W of a naked-eye mag 6.1 star. The globular was sometimes visible naked-eye as a faint haze
to the west of the star.
Jean-Dominique
Maraldi discovered M15 = NGC 7078 = h2120 on 7 Sept 1746 at the Paris
Observatory while tracking Comet de Cheseaux of 1746. Four nights later he discovered M2. Messier made an independent discovery
on 3 Jan 1764, as well as Johann Bode on 23 Sep 1774.
WH made an early
observation using his 6-inch on 31 May 1783 and commented, "all fairly
resolved into stars." On 19
Oct 1784, he described "a beautiful cl. of v compressed and numerous
stars, the most compressed part about 2' dia, the next about 7 or 8'; and all
the stars within about 15' seem still to belong to the same by the colour, the
size, the regular scattering and the gradual accumulation. The general figure is round; but within
the space of 6 or 7' the stars are arranged in a sort of a square."
JH reported
"vB; vL; irreg. R; g b and v s m b M. A magnificent globular cluster;
comes up to a perfect blaze in the centre, like a protuberance or nipple; not
the condensation of a homogeneous globe; it has straggling streams of stars, as
it were, drawing to a centre. It is not round. Has a * 8m, 30s following in
parallel."
******************************
NGC 7079 = ESO
287-036 = MCG -07-44-022 = AM 2129-441 = LGG 446-003 = PGC 66934
21 32 35.2 -44
04 03
V = 11.6; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 82d
18"
(10/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 0.8'x0.5', small
bright core increases to center.
Two mag 12/13 stars lie 1' and 2' SW. Brightest in a group including ESO 287-37 25' SE and NGC
7070/7072 1¡ NNW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7079 = h3869 on 6 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; R; psbM;
30"." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7080 = NGC
7054 = UGC 11756 = MCG +04-50-012 = CGCG 471-011 = PGC 66861
21 30 01.9 +26
43 04
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
13.1"
(7/20/85): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus or
star superimposed, diffuse outer halo.
Two mag 14 stars are off the NE and east edges 52" and 66"
from the center, respectively.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7080 = m 446 on 6 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, S,
vlE." His position is
accurate. ƒdouard Stephan
independently rediscovered the galaxy on 31 Aug 1872 and reported it in list
IV-4 (later catalogued as NGC 7054), but with an erroneous position due to an
error with the offset star. So,
NGC 7080 = NGC 7054. See NGC 7054
for the story.
******************************
NGC 7081 = UGC
11759 = MCG +00-54-030 = CGCG 375-049 = PGC 66891
21 31 24.1 +02
29 29
V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, small, round, broad concentration. A double star mag 13.5/15 at 16"
separation is 1' SSE and is collinear with the galaxy. Forms a pair (similar redshifts) with
UGC 11760 4.6' SE and NGC 7077 is 21' W.
Located at the Pegasus border.
UGC 11760
appeared extremely faint and small, round, visible only with averted
vision. A wide pair of mag 11
stars at 1.0' separation lie 1.5' N.
I probably only viewed the inner core region as the listed dimensions
are much larger.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7081 = H III-859 = h2121 on 10 Oct 1790 (sweep 973) and recorded
"cF, vS, iR, mbM. 360 shewed
it very plainly, near a very small star." JH made the single observation
"vF; S; R; has a * 14m south.
Dist from centre = 1 diam (by diagram)." His position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7082 = Lund
992 = OCL-209
21 29 17 +47 07
36
V = 7.2; Size 25'
17.5"
(9/7/91): fairly bright, large, 15' diameter, scattered, no distinct borders,
situated in a very rich field. Two
mag 8.5 star are on the west side, a mag 9 star is on the north side and also a
mag 9 star is off the east edge.
Not impressive and except for five or six brighter stars mag 8.5-9.5 at
the edges this cluster would just be a weak field enhancement in the Milky Way.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7082 = H VII-52 = h2122 on 19 Oct 1788 (sweep 868) and recorded
"an extensive cluster of L stars, considerably rich, above 20'
diameter." JH made the single
observation "a * 10m, the chief of a p rich, fine, L, coarse cluster. Stars 10...13m."
******************************
NGC 7083 = ESO
107-036 = PGC 67023
21 35 45.0 -63
54 10
V = 11.2; Size 3.9'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very bright, large, oval nearly 2:1 N-S,
3.0'x1.7', strongly and sharply concentrated with an intense, slightly
elongated core that gradually brightens to the center. There was a strong hint of a spiral arm
along the east side and another extending north on the west side, though they
were not cleanly resolved from the general glow. The halo is a little irregular in surface brightness. A mag 14 star is just off the south
end, 1.8' SSW of center. NGC 7096
lies 37' E.
James Dunlop
probably discovered NGC 7083 = D 263? = h3870 on 28 Aug 1826 and recorded
"a small faint round nebula, 20 arcseconds diameter, a little brighter in
the middle, following a group of pretty bright stars." His position is ~20' west of ESO
107-036 = PGC 67023. JH found this
galaxy on 22 Jun 1835 and logged "F; L; R of lE; vgpmbM; 60"; resolvable;
with long attention it appears mottled. Perhaps Dunlop 263, with 3 minute
correction in RA." On a later
sweep he noted "pB; pL; R; gbM; 60"."
NGC 7083 is one
of the brightest members of the Pavo-Indus Cloud along with NGCs 7213, 7205,
7049 and 7144.
******************************
NGC 7084
21 32 33 +17 30
30
Size 20'
17.5"
(8/12/96): there is no clustering visible at JH's position but about 5' E is a
mag 10 star that is within a 20' string of mag 10-13 stars oriented N-S. At the north and south end of this long
string are two additional rows of stars oriented NW to SE and SW to NE,
respectively, which intersect 10' E of the mag 10 star and together form the
outline of a large isosceles triangle. The star at the north tip is a close
faint triple star. Most of the
stars in this scattered group form the triangle with very few in the central
portion. Does not appear to be a
cluster but rather a unimpressive random grouping, noticeably aligned in
lanes. Listed as nonexistent in
RNGC.
John Herschel discovered
NGC 7084 = h2123 on 11 Oct 1825 and simply noted "A coarse scattered
cluster." There is nothing at
his position but 24 seconds of RA following is a 10th magnitude star, which is
part of a 15' very scattered group.
Karl Reinmuth reported the photographic appearance as "a very loose
clustering of pF st, no distinct Cl." RNGC classifies it as a nonexistent cluster (Type 7),
despite standing out reasonably well on the POSS.
******************************
NGC 7085 = MCG
+01-55-001 = CGCG 402-002 = PGC 66926
21 32 25.2 +06
34 53
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 147d
17.5"
(8/31/86): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated. Located just south of a 7' line of mag
11-13 stars.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7085 = m 447 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, S, E." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7086 = Cr
437 = Lund 993 = OCL-214
21 30 27 +51 36
00
V = 8.4; Size 9'
17.5"
(9/7/91): about 75 stars mag 10-14 in a 10' diameter. Fairly rich and contains six brighter stars. Most stars are located in a compact,
rich, 5' group. A second group is
to the north. A straight line of
stars trails off to the SE with a mag 9.5 star at the end of the string. Includes several faint double
stars. There are two large dark
voids to the NE. This is a pretty
cluster at low power using a 20mm Nagler.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7086 = H VI-32 = h2124 on 21 Sep 1788 (sweep 860) and recorded
"a beautiful cl of pretty compressed stars, 8 or 9' diam, considerably
rich; nearly round." On sweep
384, JH logged "a rich fine cluster of st 11...16m; it fills field; but
the most compressed part is about 6' in extent. The middle of the cluster taken, but no particular star
fixed upon."
******************************
NGC 7087 = ESO
343-008 = MCG -07-44-025 = LGG 445-008 = PGC 66988
21 34 33.4 -40
49 07
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 39d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately to fairly bright, moderately large,
slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 40"x30", brighter along the central axis
(appears to be a bar).
Brightest in a
group with ESO 343-007 2.7' WSW and ESO 343-009 6.6' NNE. ESO 343-007 appeared fairly faint to
moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 ~E-W, weak
concentration. ESO 343-009 is
fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 0.4'x0.2'. A mag 12.5 star is off the east side
[25" from center] and a mag 11.5 star is 2.4' N.
17.5"
(10/30/99): NGC 7087 was just picked up at the lower elevation limit of Ray's
mount! Appeared very faint, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, brighter core. Seeing too mushy at low elevation for a good view and nearby
ESO 343-007 to the west was not seen.
Located 35' NE of mag 5.3 Xi Gruis.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7087 = h3871 on 4 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; S; R: gbM;
15"." His position
(measured on two sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7088 =
Baxendell's unphotographable nebula = Ced 193
21 33 24 -00 23
=Not found,
Corwin and RNGC.
Joseph Baxendell
discovered NGC 7088 on 28 Sept 1880 using a 6" refractor at his private
observatory in Birkdale, England.
The discovery was announced in "A New Nebula", MNRAS 41, 48
(1880). The following history is
from Wolfgang Steinicke.
Baxendell
contributed only one object to the NGC.
He published the discovery of a large faint nebula near M2 in Aquarius
and described it being of "irregular oval form, its longer axis lying in a
nearly east and west direction".
It is 30' north of M2 and has a size of 75' x 52'. He writes "It
seems to be similar in character to the large nebula near the Pleiades [found
by Tempel], but is slightly less bright. I have, however, seen it on several
nights, and have no doubt of its existence." But, its existence is the very problem!
NGC 7088 was
seen visually by several observers, such as Dreyer in 1885 with a 10"
refractor (mentioned in the notes section of the NGC), Bigourdan (1897,
12" refractor), Hagen (1915 and 1917, 16" refractor), Wolf (1927,
6" refractor), O'Connor (1929, 15" refractor), Becker (1930, 12"
refractor) and Lehner (1930, 4" refractor). The crucial thing is that,
apart from these sightings, the object could never be photographed (and was
nicknamed "Baxendell's Unphotographable Nebula"). Many attempts were
made (Wolf, Baade, Shapley, Strohmeier, GŸrtler), using different emulsions and
filters, but the result was always negative. The modern conclusion is: The
object is not real and all visual observations are due to physiological
delusions, maybe caused by reflections of the nearby bright cluster M 2. This
is supported by sightings of O'Connor, reporting two other, and ever larger
nebulae near M2, which are nonexistent too! The same might be true for the
obscure "Hagen clouds".
See Harold Corwin's discussion, including Stephen Waldee's comments, for
more on this object.
******************************
NGC 7089 = M2
21 33 27.2 -00
49 23
V = 6.6; Size 16'; Surf Br = 0.2
48"
(10/26/11): hundreds of relatively bright stars resolved in this large,
beautifully symmetric globular.
The intensely bright core is overlaid with a mat of resolved stars.
18"
(7/17/07): overfills the 8' field at 393x with resolved stars from edge to
edge. M2 contains a very bright 3'
core that increases to a very intense 1' nucleus. The halo is very symmetric and thins out fairly evenly. A few hundred stars were resolved in
the cluster with the central region extremely densely packed.
17.5"
(8/2/86): over 100 stars resolved over the entire disc at 286x. Superb view at this magnification.
13"
(7/16/82): high resolution at edges, partially resolved core, symmetrical halo.
8"
(10/4/80): intense core, faint halo.
Faint stars are resolved in the outer halo.
Jean-Dominique
Maraldi discovered M2 = NGC 7089 = h2125 on 11 Sept 1746 at the Paris
Observatory while tracking Comet de ChŽseaux of 1746. Charles Messier made an independent discovery on 11 Sep
1760. WH observed the globular on
31 Jul 1783 with his 12-inch (small 20-foot) and commented "I can count 18
or 20 of the stars." On 12
Aug 1785 (sweep 425), he recorded "an extremely rich, very compressed and
very brilliant cluster of extremely small stars, 7 or 8' in diameter. The stars are plainly to be seen,
especially on the borders where they are not so condensed." On 4 Sep 1799 he observed M2 with the
48-inch (40-foot), and logged "It appeared very brilliant and
luminous. The scattered stars were
brought to a good, well determined focus, for which it appears that the central
condensed light is owing to a multitude of stars that appeared at various
distances behind and near each other.
I could actually see and distinguish the stars even in the central
mass. The Rev. Mr. Vince, Plumian
Profession or Astronomy at Cambridge, saw it in the same telescope as
described."
On 12 Sep 1830
(sweep 288), JH reported "A most superb cluster; round; stars eS; 12, 13,
14m; they are evidently globularly arranged, and not internally condensed
towards the centre more than the spherical form would make them appear to be;
but in the middle they blend into a blaze of light. It is like a heap of fine
sand! With 9 inches aperture I can
just see the stars; with 6 it is resolvable."
******************************
NGC 7090 = ESO
188-012 = AM 2133-544 = PGC 67045
21 36 28.9 -54
33 26
V = 10.7; Size 7.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 127d
25"
(10/21/17 - OzSky): at 244x; bright, very large irregular edge-on ~7:1 NW-SE,
~5'x0.7'. Overall the galaxy has a
striking patchy appearance with an irregular surface brightness (somewhat
similar to NGC 253). It contains a
very elongated, sightly brighter core region with a mag 14 star superimposed
just southeast of the core. The
entire northern flank of the galaxy is very uneven or patchy due to dust
patches or a dust lane. The
surface brightness of the galaxy drops significantly as it extends southeast of
the star for ~2'. The northwest
wing beyond the core more gradually dims to the tip. A mag 9 star (HD 205124) is located 12' W, a mag 9.3 star
(HD 205308) is 8' N, and a 1.2' pair of mag 9.5/10 star is ~7' NE.
11" (8/8/04
- Haleakala Crater): moderately bright, fairly large, edge-on 5:1 NW-SE,
4.0'x0.8', broad concentration but with no distinct core. Irregular surface brightness with a
mottled appearance at 127x. Appears
to fade suddenly in a couple of spots (possibly due to dust) including just SE
of a mag 14 star that is superimposed on the SE side. Viewed at an elevation of 13¡.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7090 = h3872 on 4 Oct 1834 and recorded "pB; L; vmE in pos
127.1¡; first gradually, the pretty suddenly lbM to a v feeble nucleus; 4' l,
40" br; has a * 11m preceding.
In the foreground of the Pavo-Indus Cloud which includes NGCs 7213,
7205, 7049, 7083 and 7144.
******************************
NGC 7091 = IC
5114 = ESO 403-008 = MCG -06-47-007 = PGC 66972
21 34 07.6 -36
39 12
V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 86d
17.5"
(9/7/96): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Requires averted vision and finder
chart to pinpoint location but once identified could nearly hold
continuously. Probably only viewed
core as listed dimensions are much larger. Located 7' W of mag 6.9 SAO 213103. Not found on a previous attempt.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7091 = h3873 on 1 Sep 1834 and recorded "eF; pL; vgbM; 2';
place considerably uncertain [given to the nearest min of time and minute of
dec], having been found when much past the meridian in searching in vain for
Dunlop 561. This nebula is much
too faint to have seen with 9 inches aperture. It precedes a * 6m nearly in parallel, about 40 seconds of
time." His position is poor,
but the description most likely applies to ESO 403-008 = PGC 66972, which is
1.3 minutes of time west and 8' north of JH's position. The bright star he mentions is mag 6.9
HD 205186.
Lewis Swift
probably found this galaxy again on 9 Jul 1897 and described Sw XI-206 (later
IC 5114) as "eF, pS, R, e wide D* f 30 sec." His RA, though, is nearly 2 minutes too
small and his declination 3.5' too far south, though there is a 1.2' "pair"
that is 30 seconds following . So,
despite his poor position (very common in his last two lists), IC 5114 is
likely NGC 7091.
******************************
NGC 7092 = M39 =
Cr 438
21 31 42 +48 25
V = 4.6; Size 32'
17.5"
(7/31/92): very bright, very large, about 30' diameter, scattered. Includes 18 bright stars mag 7-8. Most of the brighter stars form a
triangular outline although a few bright stars are inside and outside. The bright star at the SE corner has
about six faint stars close following.
Includes several wide double stars. The bright stars are superimposed on a background of 100-150
faint stars. Fairly uniformly
distributed though many stars are in short arcs and winding lanes. The faint stars are no richer than the
Milky Way concentration. Best view
with 20 Nagler at 100x.
13"
(9/9/83): ~75 stars visible at 62x including 15 bright stars.
8": very
bright, very large, 30' diameter, triangle shape, includes four bright stars
mag 7 and ten fairly bright stars mag 8-9. Large and scattered so needs very low power. Partial resolution in 8x50
binoculars. Naked-eye cluster in a
dark sky.
15x50mm IS
binoculars (6/19/09): excellent at 15x with 25-30 stars resolved in a
triangular outline. B68, a long
dark streamer, is very prominent in the field to the southeast.
10x30 IS
binoculars (6/13/07): naked-eye fuzzy patch is well resolved into ~15 stars in
the 10x30 binoculars and approximately two dozen in the 15x50s. To the south of
M39 begins the long dark streamer, Barnard 168, which is striking in 15x50 IS
binoculars. This dark lane leads
to the Cocoon Nebula (IC 5146), which is not visible in binoculars.
Charles Messier
discovered M39 = NGC 7092 = h2126 on 24 Oct 1764, although as a naked-eye
object it was probably noticed much earlier. On 27 Sep 1788 (sweep 866), WH
logged "consists of such large and straggling stars that I could not tell
where it began nor where it ended.
It cannot be called a cluster." JH recorded on 14 Sep 1829, "A * 7m, one of a large
loose cluster of stars 7 .... 10m; very coarsely scattered, and filling many
fields."
******************************
NGC 7093
21 34 20 +45 59
42
Size 5'
17.5"
(8/25/95): fairly well detached but scattered group highlighted by mag 8.5 SAO
51043 at the west edge. A mag 10
star is on the south side and a total of about two dozen stars in a 5' region. Shows best at 100x. At 220x, the group
does not look at all like a cluster and is only distinguished by the few
brighter stars. RNGC classifies it
nonexistent.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7093 = h2127 on 19 Sep 1829 and recorded "The chief star
(9m) in a cluster of 8th class.
The double star #1660 of my 4th catalogue belongs to this
cluster." His position
corresponds with mag 8.7 SAO 51043.
R.J. Mitchell, observing with LdR's 72" on 6 Sep 1856, logged
"a few B st, (not more than 10 or 12m), forming a very loose
cluster." Based on a
Heidelberg plate, Reinmuth reported "one vB* and a few pB st in a dense
region." RNGC classifies NGC
7093 as nonexistent (Type 7 cluster).
******************************
NGC 7094 = PK
66-28.1 = PN G066.7-28.2 = K 1-19
21 36 52.9 +12
47 19
V = 13.7; Size 99"x91"
24"
(8/31/16): excellent view at 200x using an NPB filter. The 90" disc is
fairly crisply defined and contains the bright central star (mag 13.5), even
with the filter. Unfiltered, a mag
14.5-15 star is at the NE edge.
The planetary is weakly annular and brighter in a 90¡ arc along the west
side. There appears to be a knot
or local brightening right at the west edge of the rim.
The compact
galaxy II Zw 141 lies 6' WNW. It
was seen as faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. On the DSS a mag 15.2 star is at the
southwest edge (6" separation from the center of II Zw 141) and probably
the galaxy + star were merged visually.
18"
(10/9/04): picked up at 73x using the OIII filter as a fairly faint, round,
evenly lit 90" disc. Good
contrast gain with the filter.
Faintly visible unfiltered at 160x as a moderately large but low surface
brightness halo surrounding the 13.5 magnitude central star. A faint mag 14.5 star is at the NE edge
of the halo. A string of 3 mag
14-15 stars oriented NW to SE lies ~2' NE. Images show the a complex multi-rim structure (brighter along
the west side) with a darker center, but visually the planetary appeared pretty
featureless. Located 7' S of a mag
10 star (SAO 107277).
17.5"
(10/2/99): at 100x and OIII filter appears fairly faint, round, moderately
large, 1.5' diameter, even glow.
At 220x without filter, the central star is easily visible surrounded by
a round, low surface brightness glow.
A very faint star is at the NE edge. No annularity seen.
13"
(6/18/85): at 62x with filter appears faint, moderately large, round. Without a filter the faint mag 13.7
central star is visible surrounded by a very low even surface brightness halo
1.5' in diameter.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7094 = Sw II-88 on 10 Oct 1884 and recorded "nebulous star;
B *; in eeF nebulosity; v diff.; nearly pointed to by 3 st. in a
line." His RA is 34 seconds
too small. In a note Swift added
"This is a prototype of GC 4634 [NGC 7023] and several others, and of No.
7 of my Catalogue No. 1 [NGC 2247], which differs from most neb. st. by being
exactly in the center of circular nebulous atmospheres of uniform
brightness." Wolfgang
Steinicke mentions that Swift called this object "the most wonderful of
all [nebulous stars] - in fact it is the only instance known to me - for
instead of the central star being single, it is double." There is a second star involved but it
is not central, rather displaced to the northeast edge.
******************************
NGC 7095 = ESO
027-001 = AM 2145-814 = PGC 67546
21 52 26.4 -81
31 51
V = 11.5; Size 2.8'x2.7'; Surf Br = 13.6
24"
(4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly large, 1.8'x1.5', slightly elongated ~E-W, weak concentration to the
center. A star is at the north
edge of the halo.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7095 = h3875 on 21 Sep 1837 and recorded "F; pL; R; vglbM;
50"." His mean position
(2 observations) matches ESO 027-001 = PGC 67546. Unfortunately, he miscopied his declination in the GC and
Dreyer didn't catch the error in the NGC.
The mistake apparently was caused by using the north polar distance of
NGC 7097 instead of NGC 7095.
Because of this
error the RNGC, PGC and HyperLeda
has misidentified ESO 287-042 as NGC 7095. ESO and modern Atlases such as Uranometria 2000 and the
Pocket Sky Atlas doesn't label ESO 027-001 as NGC 7095. The RNGC error is included in my RNGC
Correction list #6.
******************************
NGC 7096 = ESO
107-046 = IC 5121? = AM 2137-640 NED01 = PGC 67168
21 41 19.9 -63
54 29
V = 11.9; Size 2.0'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 130d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, oval 4:3, ~1.4'x1.1',
sharply concentrated with a relatively large, very bright round core 0.4'
diameter. An 8" pair of mag
13.5/14 stars lies 1.4' NE and a mag 14-14.5 star is 1.5' S. ESO 107-044 is 8.3' W and NGC 7083 lies
37' W.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7096 = h3874 on 31 Aug 1836 and recorded "vF; S; R;
12"; has a vS double * north-following, near." His position and description is a
perfect match with ESO 107-046 = PGC 67168.
Royal Frost's IC
5121 = F. 1221 (described as a "planetary, stellar, 13 magn"), found
on 19 Sep 1903 on an Arequipa plate, is exactly 30' south of this galaxy. IC
5121 is equated with NGC 7096 in NED, SIMBAD, Southern Galaxy Catalogue, and
ESO. Jenni Kay questions this
identification (e-mail 20 Aug 1998 and in Deep Sky Observer #159 in 2012),
noting the description for IC 5121 doesn't match this galaxy. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7097 = ESO
287-048 = MCG -07-44-029 = AM 2137-424 = LGG 446-006 = PGC 67146
21 40 13.0 -42
32 14
V = 11.7; Size 1.9'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20d
18"
(10/16/09): moderately bright, moderately large, ~1' ill-defined halo, sharply
concentrated with a bright core that increases to the center, occasional faint
stellar nucleus, very faint halo extends to nearly 1'. Located 8' SE of mag 6.9 HD 205913 and
5' N of a wide pair (52") of mag 10 stars. NGC 7097A lies 6' NE but was not seen at a very low
elevation.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7097 = h3877 on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; S; R; psmbM;
15"; (fog)." See notes
for NGC 7095.
******************************
NGC 7098 = ESO
048-005 = PGC 67266
21 44 16.1 -75
06 41
V = 11.3; Size 4.1'x2.6'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 74d
24"
(4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 200x appeared bright, large,
sharply concentrated with a small, intense core ~20" in diameter. Surrounding the core is a large,
fainter halo, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~2.0'x1.4'. This galaxy appears much brighter than NGC 7095, which was
just previously observed, although the total B magnitudes are identical.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7098 = h3876 on 22 Sep 1835 and recorded "pF; R; first vg,
the psbM; in a field with many large stars, and strongly stippled." His position is 1.8 minutes of RA too
large, though at this declination, the actual separation is 7'.
The RA in RC 2
is 2.5 minutes too large and this error is repeated in RNGC. The correct position is given in ESO
and RC3.
******************************
NGC 7099 = M30 =
ESO 531-SC21
21 40 22.2 -23
10 47
V = 7.4; Size 12.0'; Surf Br = 0.1
48"
(10/24/14): the first of three bright stars in a string directly to the north
of the core (~40" N of center) was clearly orange (red-giant) as well as
the first of a string of three bright stars starting at the west edge of the
core (~55" W of center) extending northwest. A few other brighter stars either appear yellow or very pale
orange!
17.5"
(8/17/01): viewed at 575x in excellent seeing. Very irregular appearance with strings of stars emanating
from an irregular bright, partially resolved core. A prong off the west side heads northwest and includes three
equally spaced similar stars along with a close triple. Another bright line of three stars
heads due north with a fainter bent elbow of stars angling towards the NE. Roughly a dozen stars trail to the east
with a large gap towards the edge of the halo. A fairly well defined semi-circle of stars open to the north
passes directly through the core and off the SE side. The outer halo is peppered with dozens of faint stars over a
dim background haze and with concentration the overall diameter increases
significantly to at least 10'.
17.5"
(7/5/86): the small bright core is not resolved but the halo is well resolved
into 50-60 stars. A small circular
detached piece is east of the core with resolved stars. Along the north side the resolved stars
are brighter and arranged in lanes.
13"
(9/29/84): fascinating view at 350x; ~25 stars resolved in the outer halo. A few stars (half dozen) are bunched
together near the bright, unresolved irregular core over a fainter diffuse
halo.
13": three
star lanes are obvious on the north side.
Good resolution in the halo and outer stragglers. The core appears on the verge of
resolution at 288x.
8"
(10/4/80): two short straight star lanes to north and NW give a unique
"prong" appearance. A
few faint stars are resolved southeast of the core but the core is unresolved.
Charles Messier
discovered M30 = NGC 7099 = h2128 = h3878 on 3 Aug 1764. WH first observed the globular on 31
Jul 1783 using his 12-inch (small 20-foot) and reported "Power 200; it
consists of very small stars; with two rows of stars, 4 or 5 in a
line." He later wrote,
"It is a difficult step i.e. if we divide the transition from the Pleiades
down to the Nebula in Orion into six steps, this perhaps the 4th towards the
real nebulas. The stars in this
seem to be of two different sizes for I perceive 3 or 4 very visible ones
branching out towards the north and several more exceedingly small at the
sides. Towards the south in one
place the light is very intense, but has all the appearance of crowded stars;
so that there remains no doubt of the whole being stars."
In PT 1814, WH
summarized his observations of M30 as a "brilliant cluster, the stars of
which are gradually more compressed in the middle. It is insulated, that is, none of the stars in the
neighborhood are likely to be connected with it. Its diameter is from 2' 40" to 3' 30". Its figure is irregularly round. The stars about the centre are so much
compressed as to appear to run together.
Towards the north, are two rows of bright stars 4 or 5 in a
line." He speculated in his
1814 publication that the "lines of bright stars, although by a drawing
made at the time of observation, one of them seems to pass through the center,
are probably not connected with it."
JH made the
following detailed observation on 23 Sep 1830: "Fine cluster; irreg R,
with two projections A, B, at its northern side. (See fig. 90.) A is directed
from the central brightness and consists of 3 or 4 bright stars 12 m; its
position taken with microm = 350.4¡; B originates in the preceding side of the
centre, and is directed in a position 331.7¡ in a line not passing the centre;
diam = 6', stars = 12m; fine object; has a * 9 m preceding it (2 or 3 diameters
by diagram)." From the Cape
of Good Hope, he logged "Globular, B; lE; bM; 4' l, 3' br; all resolved
into st 16m, besides a few 12m.
Two lines of rather larger stars run out n[orth f[ollowing]."
******************************
NGC 7100
21 39 06.9 +08
57 02
=*, Corwin. =* or NF, Thomson.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7100 = Big. 90 on 31 Aug 1886. His position is the second Comptes
Rendus list is 3.7' west-northwest of CGCG 402-012 = PGC 67118 and the RNGC,
CGCG and PGC misidentify this galaxy as NGC 7100. But, according to Harold Corwin, the same night Bigourdan
measured this galaxy (discovered earlier by Marth and later catalogued as NGC
7101, but with a poor position) and his offsets land on a single star 14
seconds of RA west and 3' north of the NGC position. He provided a corrected position in his 6 May 1901
Comptes Rendus paper matching this star.
In the IC I
Notes, Dreyer incorrectly suggests NGC 7101 = NGC 7100; "[NGC 7101 was]
not seen by Spitaler; evidently =7100." and this may be the source of the
modern misidentifications. I botched
the identification in my RNGC Corrections #2.
******************************
NGC 7101 = MCG
+01-55-007 = CGCG 402-012 = PGC 67118
21 39 34.6 +08
52 37
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(8/2/86): fairly faint, very small, round, broad concentration. Located 20' SSW of EE Pegasi.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7101 = m 448 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "F, vS, R,
stell." There is nothing near
his position, but 6' due south is CGCG 402-012 = PGC 67118. This galaxy is the middle and easily
the brightest of three on a line oriented northwest to southeast, so the most
likely candidate.
RNGC, CGCG, PGC
(and secondary sources such as Megastar) misidentify CGCG 402-012 as NGC 7100
(see that number for the identification) and RNGC and PGC (and Megastar)
misidentify PGC 67112 as NGC 7101.
PGC 67112 is the northwest galaxy in the trio (2.3' from NGC 7101).
******************************
NGC 7102 = UGC
11786 = MCG +01-55-008 = CGCG 402-013 = IC 5127? = PGC 67120
21 39 44.7 +06
17 10
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 153d
24" (7/30/16):
fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, fairly low overall surface
brightness, broad weak concentration.
On images NGC 7102 appears to be interacting with PGC 214783, an edge-on
1.1' SSW. At 220x, it was glimpsed
several times in the same position.
It was too faint for any details, including elongation, but appeared
very small.
24"
(8/23/14): fairly faint, fairly large but diffuse, elongated 3:2 or 4:3
NNW-SSE, ~1.3'x0.9' but halo appears to alter its shape with averted vision
(sometimes smaller) as fainter parts of the halo pop in and out of view. A mag 10.2 star lies 3.5' SSE.
PGC 214783, an
extremely faint edge-on, is just 1' SW.
With careful viewing I had 2 or 3 momentary "pops" at this
position over a couple of minutes, too fleeting for any details.
17.5"
(8/2/86): moderately large but very diffuse, gradually brightens in the middle,
slightly elongated NW-SE. A mag 10
star is 3.5' SSE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7102 = m 449 on 16 Oct 1863 and noted "F, pL, R." His position is 1' northwest of UGC
11786.
Harold Corwin
notes that IC 5127, found by Guillaume Bigourdan on 27 Oct 1894, is probably a
duplicate observation as his re-reduced position is just 5 sec of RA too far
east. But, his observation was
made on the same night that NGC 7102 was measured (though a different offset
star was used), so this requires he "discovered" the same galaxy
twice that evening.
******************************
NGC 7103 = ESO
531-015 = MCG -04-51-006 = PGC 67124
21 39 51.4 -22
28 26
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.2'
18"
(8/9/10): brightest of 10 galaxies viewed in cluster ACO S963 with IC 5122 4'
NNW, NGC 7104 4' NE and IC 1393 6.5' NE.
At 225x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round,
40"x35", weak concentration with no core or zones. A mag 13.7 star lies 2' ENE. The distance of the cluster is ~440
million l.y.
18"
(8/12/07): largest and brightest of 6 members viewed in galaxy cluster ACO
S963. At 260x appeared fairly
faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~30"x25", broad weak
concentration. Occasionally I
glimpsed a nearly stellar galaxy (2MASX J21394761-2228171) just 0.9' W. Located 45' NNW of gc M30.
17.5"
(10/13/90): faint, small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Brightest in cluster ACO S963 with NGC
7104 4.0' NE, IC 5122 4.2' NNW, and IC 1393 6.4' NE. Globular cluster M30 lies 45' SSE.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7103 = LM II-461, along with NGC 7104, in 1886 with the 26"
refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He noted "mag 14.0; 0.3' diam; R; gbM; 1st of 2 [with
NGC 7104]." His position is
1.0 minute of RA too far east.
Ormond Stone measured an accurate micrometric position the following
year (repeated in the IC 1 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7104 = ESO
531-G018 = MCG -04-51-008 = PGC 67137
21 40 03.2 -22
25 29
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 51d
18"
(8/9/10): faint, small, irregularly round, 25"x20", very weak even
concentration. Located in the core
of ACO S963 with NGC 7103, IC 5122 and IC 1393 all within 4'.
18"
(8/12/07): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, even concentration to a
very small bright nucleus. Second
brightest in ACO S963 with brightest member NGC 7103 4' SW. IC 1393 lies 2.7' ENE.
17.5"
(10/13/90): faint, very small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Second brightest of four in ACO S963
with NGC 7103 4.0' SW, IC 1393 2.7' ENE and IC 5122 4.2' WNW.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7104 = LM II-462, along with NGC 7103, in 1886 with the 26"
refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He noted "mag 14.3; 0.2' diam; iR; gbMN; 2nd of 2 [with
NGC 7103]." His position is
1.0 minute of RA too far east.
Ormond Stone measured an accurate micrometric position the following
year (repeated in the IC 1 Notes).
ESO/Uppsala misidentifies ESO 531-017 as NGC 7104.
******************************
NGC 7105 = MCG
-02-55-001 = PGC 67181
21 41 41.3 -10
38 08
V = 13.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 135d
18"
(7/30/03): at 257x appears faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4',
contains a small brighter core.
Situated just 33" SE of a mag 10 star that detracts from viewing! This galaxy is located 25' SE of
Leavenworth's position but was positively identified as NGC 7105 using the
Leander McCormick sketch.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7105 = LM I-242 on 12 Sep 1885 and recorded
"mag 11.0; vS; E; 310¡?; smbMN; star n, PA 310¡." There is nothing near his very rough
position (the RA is given to the nearest min of time and marked as
approximate). But based on his
discovery sketch, Harold Corwin was able to identify MCG -02-55-001 = PGC 67181
as NGC 7105. This galaxy is ~20'
south, but less than 1 min of RA east of
Leavenworth's position. A
brighter star is just 33" northwest (PA ~310¡), matching his
description. Because of the poor
position, Howe was unable to find it on 3 nights. This galaxy is not labeled as NGC 7105 in most catalogues,
though HyperLeda and NED makes this identification. RNGC misclassifies the
number as nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7106 = ESO
188-017 = AM 2139-525 = PGC 67215
21 42 36.6 -52
41 58
V = 13.3; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 81d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright and large, slightly elongated
~E-W, diffuse with only a weak concentration. A mag 13 star is 2' W, a mag 12 star is 1.8' N and a very
faint mag 16 star is 0.6' E.. Brightest in a group with ESO 188-018 (close
pair) at 4' ENE and IC 5125 at 8.3' SW.
ESO 188-018 (southeast component) appeared faint to fairly faint, small,
elongated NW-SE, 20"x12", even surface brightness.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7106 = h3879 on 8 Jul 1834 and recorded "eF; lE; vglbM; 30";
makes an obtuse angled triangle, with 2 st 9 and 10m to north." His position is on the south side of
the galaxy, though I'm not sure which two stars he had in mind.
******************************
NGC 7107 = ESO
287-052 = AM 2139-450 = LGG 446-007 = PGC 67209
21 42 26.5 -44
47 25
V = 12.8; Size 2.0'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 128d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; appears as a large diffuse glow, very weak central
concentration, contains a very small, very slightly brighter nucleus and a
subtle bar oriented NW-SE. A group
of 6 mag 11-14.5 stars is immediately to the west, the closest a mag 13 star
1.7' W of center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7107 = h3880 on 6 Sep 1834 and recorded "vF; pL; R; vglbM;
2' diam." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7108 = NGC
7111 = MCG -01-55-002 = PGC 67189
21 41 53.8 -06
42 32
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 45d
See observing
notes for NGC 7111.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7108 = m 450 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, S, R,
stell." There is nothing near
his position, but 1.0 min of RA following and 3' north is NGC 7111 = MCG
-01-55-002, later found by Stephan on 30 Sep 1872 and correctly placed.
The RNGC
misidentifies PGC 1028685 as NGC
7108. This galaxy is 1.7 minutes
of RA east of Marth's position near two mag 11/12 stars and is probably too
faint to have been picked up, even in Marth's large reflector. The simplest solution is to assume
Marth made a 1.0 min error in RA and equate NGC 7108 = NGC 7111 Listed in my RNGC Corrections #5.
******************************
NGC 7109 = ESO
403-015 = VV 376 = MCG -06-47-011 = PGC 67192
21 41 58.5 -34
26 45
V = 13.4; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5"
(7/28/92): very faint, small, round, low even surface brightness. An wide evenly matched double star (mag
13.5-14 at 36") is 4' E. NGC
7110 is 17' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7109 = h3881 on 25 Sep 1834 and logged "eF; vS; among
stars." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7110 = ESO
403-016 = MCG -06-47-012 = LGG 445-016 = PGC 67199
21 42 12.1 -34
09 44
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 76d
17.5"
(7/28/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~E-W, broad concentration, low
surface brightness. A wide double
star 11.5/11.5 at 48" separation is 4' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7110 = h3882 on 23 Sep 1834 and recorded "vF; S; R;
bM." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7111 = NGC
7108 = MCG -01-55-002 = PGC 67189
21 41 53.7 -06
42 32
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 45d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE. The nucleus appears offset to the NW
side. Member of AGC 2366.
ƒdouard Stephan
found NGC 7111 = St IV-5 on 31 Sep 1872.
His micrometric position is a very accurate match with PGC 67189. Albert Marth discovered this galaxy (m
450) on 3 Aug 1864 and it was catalogued as NGC 7108 but Marth's position was 1
minute of RA too small and Dreyer assumed they were different objects. So, NGC 7111= NGC 7108.
******************************
NGC 7112 = NGC
7113 = MCG +02-55-009 = CGCG 427-016 = PGC 67208
21 42 26.6 +12
34 07
See observing
notes for NGC 7113.
Lewis Swift
found NGC 7112 = Sw IV -81 on 12 Jul 1886 and recorded "eeF, S, R, pB *
with distant companion close p; very difficult". Swift's position is 7 seconds of RA west and 1' north
(separation of 1.8') from CGCG 427-016 = PGC 67208. Furthermore his description applies as mag 9.2 SAO 107337 is
less than 1' west with a "distant companion" to the northeast. This galaxy was discovered by Albert
Marth 22 years earlier on 3 Aug 1864 and later catalogued as NGC 7113. Marth's position was 3' too far north. Assuming Swift was unaware of Marth's
earlier discovery, NGC 7112 = NGC 7113.
Howe was unsuccessful in finding this object on two nights.
The RNGC, CGCG,
UGC and PGC misidentify UGC 11794 = CGCG 427-014 as NGC 7112. This faint
edge-on is located 4.4' south-southwest of NGC 7113 and does not match Swift's
description. See Harold Corwin's
identification notes for more.
******************************
NGC 7113 = NGC
7112 = MCG +02-55-009 = CGCG 427-016 = PGC 67208
21 42 26.6 +12
34 07
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, weak concentration, faint
stellar nucleus. Located 1' E of
mag 8.7 SAO 107337. A mag 13 star
is 1' NW. Forms a pair with NGC
7112 5' SSW.
17.5"
(7/16/88): faint, small, round.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7113 = m 451 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, S,
stell." His position is 3'
due north of CGCG 427-016 = PGC 67208.
Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 12 Jul 1886 and it
was recatalogued as NGC 7112. See
notes for NGC 7112.
******************************
NGC 7114 = Nova
Cygni 1876= Q Cyg
21 41 44.0 +42
50 30
= Nova Cygni
1876 = Q Cygni, Dreyer. Listed as
nonexistent in RNGC.
Ralph Copeland
discovered NGC 7114 on 2 Sep 1877 with a 15-inch Grubb refractor at Dunn Echt,
Scotland while viewing Nova Cygni 1876 (discovered by Julius Schmidt on 24 Nov
1876). Copeland reported
"through a low power eye-piece and a powerful direct vision prism, held
between the eye and the eye-piece, the light of the star was found to be
absolutely monochromatic." In
Oct 1885, Lohse claimed the star was surrounded by a small nebulous disc (first
reported in 1882). In the NGC
notes and correction section, Lohse is mentioned but not Copeland. Sherburne Burnham observed the nebula
in 1891 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick and noted "at times the new
star did not seem to have a perfectly stellar appearance under moderately high
powers, but rather to resemble an exceedingly minute nebula." This was the first of 22 objects in the
NGC that was discovered by visual spectroscopy.
******************************
NGC 7115 = ESO
531-025 = MCG -04-51-011 = VV 800 = PGC 67248
21 43 39.3 -25
21 07
V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 66d
17.5"
(10/13/90): faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 WSW-ENE, 0.8'x0.2', brighter
core. A very faint mag 15 star is
involved at the WSW end.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7115 = LM I-243 on 9 Jul 1885 and recorded "vF;
pS; vE 90"; like a comet with tail; 2 st inv." His rough position is 39 seconds of RA
too large and the description applies.
Herbert Howe made a detailed observation in 1897-98 with the 20"
refractor in Denver: "The length of the nebula was estimated to be
45", and its breath 10".
There is a 13 mag star at the preceding end and a condensation at the
following end; three or four other condensations were suspected lying along the
axis. The position angle of the
elongation was estimated at 65¡."
******************************
NGC 7116 = UGC
11796 = MCG +05-51-001 = CGCG 493-005 = PGC 67218
21 42 40.2 +28
56 48
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 105d
17.5"
(7/5/86): fairly faint, thin edge-on WNW-ESE, small, weak concentration. Located 24' NW of Mu 1 Cygni (V = 4.8).
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7116 = m 452 on 9 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, pL,
mE." His position is accurate
(to within 30"). The UGC
fails to label this galaxy as NGC 7116.
******************************
NGC 7117 = ESO
236-040 = AM 2142-483 = PGC 67303
21 45 47.0 -48
25 14
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 27d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x and 318x; moderately bright, elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE,
40"x30", weak concentration.
Forms the northeast vertex of a triangle with two mag 10 stars 3' SSW
and 4' WSW. Fainter of a pair with
NGC 7118 5.5' NE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7117 = h3883, along with NGC 7118, on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded
"pF; R; gbM; 15"."
His position (measured also the next sweep) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7118 = ESO
236-045 = AM 2142-483 = PGC 67318
21 46 09.7 -48
21 14
V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 50d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x and 318x; fairly bright, moderately large, slightly
elongated SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.7', small bright core. Brighter of a pair with NGC 7117 5.5' SW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7118 = h3884, along with NGC 7117, on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded
"vF; R; gbM; 15"."
His position (measured also the next sweep) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7119 = ESO
288-IG 002 = AM 2143-464 = PGC 67325
21 46 16.0 -46
30 58
V = 12.9; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 130d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 318x; moderately bright, fairly small large, elongated
3:2 NW-SE, ~30"x20", weak concentration. A mag 14.5 star is 0.8' SW. On carefully viewing NGC 7119 I noticed there was a
"bulge" extending out slightly on the southwest side of the galaxy
and occasionally there appeared to be a very faint superimposed
"star" within this glow.
The contact
"bulge" is identified in NED as NGC 7119B = ESO 288-001, and is
probably an interacting companion (same redshift). The "star" that I noted is likely the brighter
stellar nucleus of this galaxy.
NGC 7119 is the brightest member of the cluster ACO S971.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7119 = h3885 on 6 Sep 1834 and recorded "not vF; S; R; gbM;
20"." His single
position is accurate. This is a
contact double system (21" separation) consisting of NGC 7719A and NGC
7719B, though may be a line of sight superposition.
******************************
NGC 7120 = MCG
-01-55-006 = PGC 67273
21 44 33.2 -06
31 23
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 135d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, even surface brightness.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7120 = m 453 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, S,
vlE." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7121 = MCG
-01-55-008 = PGC 67287
21 44 52.6 -03
37 11
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 165d
17.5"
(8/7/91): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 1.5'x0.75', weak
concentration. A mag 11.5 star is
1.5' ESE of center.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7121 = St IV-6 on 3 Sep 1872. His position (Esmiol's re-reduction) matches MCG -01-55-008
= PGC 67287.
******************************
NGC 7122
21 45 47.8 -08
49 47
=**, Corwin.
Edward Cooper
discovered NGC 7122 = Au 47 on 24 Nov 1854 at the Markree Observatory, while
compiling the Markree ecliptic Catalogue. At his position is an unequal double
star oriented northwest-southeast (nearly merged on the DSS), with separation
~7". Auwers noted in his 1862
list of new nebulae that in the Heliometer it appeared as an "11th
magnitude star, surrounded by some 12-13m stars, perhaps nebulous." At Birr Castle, it was also found to be
a double star. In fact, all
objects noted as nebulous in the Markree catalogue are stars except for a
duplicate observation of NGC 4989, which did not receive a NGC number. See Harold Corwin's comments.
******************************
NGC 7123 = ESO
075-027 = LGG 447-003 = PGC 67466
21 50 46.4 -70
19 59
V = 12.2; Size 3.0'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 146d
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x, appears moderately bright and
large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 2.2'x1.1', fairly sharply concentrated with a
bright core and much fainter extensions.
Located 5.2' WNW of mag 7.8 SAO 257969.
This galaxy is
an edge-on early-type spiral with a sharp, narrow dust lane (not seen) similar
to NGC 7814.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7123 = h3886 on 24 Jul 1835 and recorded "pB; R; vgbM;
20"; a star 9m follows, 8' dist."
******************************
NGC 7124 = ESO
237-002 = AM 2144-504 = PGC 67375
21 48 05.4 -50
33 55
V = 12.3; Size 3.0'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 143d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE,
2.0'x0.8'. Contains a bright,
elongated core that gradually increases to the center where there is a stellar
nucleus. A knot was seen near the
southeast end of the galaxy.
Images reveal this is an HII complex in one of the main spiral arms of
the galaxy. A mag 15 star is 1.1'
SSW of center of the galaxy. Mag
9.8 HD 207042 lies.4.5' SW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7124 = h3888 on 8 Jul 1834 and recorded "eF; lE; glbM;
70" l, 60" br." On
3 Oct 1834 (sweep 498) he logged "B; L; pmE; vgbM; 2' l, 80"
br." His mean position from 3
sweeps is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7125 = ESO
145-017 = PGC 67417
21 49 15.5 -60
42 39
V = 12.4; Size 3.1'x2.1'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 110d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright, large, slightly elongated ~E-W,
~2'x1.5', broad concentration with a slightly brighter middle. Two spiral arms are visible in the
halo, though not detached from the general glow. One arm curves along the south side of the halo towards the
west and another curves to the east on the north side. A mag 14-14.5 star is superimposed on
the north edge [45" from center] and several mag 13-14 stars surround the
galaxy off the entire southern half.
Forms a very nice pair with NGC 7126 6' N.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7125 = h3887, along with NGC 7126, on 22 Jul 1835 and recorded
"eF; pL; R; 60"; the preceding of 2."
******************************
NGC 7126 = ESO
145-018 = PGC 67418
21 49 18.6 -60
36 29
V = 12.2; Size 2.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 80d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:3
WSW-ENE, ~1.5'x0.9', faint outer halo, central region gradually brightens. A mag 13.5 star is 1.5' SE and a mag 16
star is very close to the northwest edge, 0.7' from center. Forms a very nice pair with NGC 7125 6'
due south.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7126 = h3889, along with NGC 7125, on 22 Jul 1835 and recorded
"pB; pL; lE; gbM; 40" l, 35" br; the following of 2." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7127 = Lund
997 = OCL-219
21 43 41 +54 37
42
Size 3'
17.5"
(7/30/92): at 220x, 15 stars mag 11-14 are visible in a 3' diameter. Course but evenly spaced and doesn't
stand out in the field, appears fully resolved. The brightest mag 11 star forms the center of fairly
striking "stick figure" with six stars or else a 5-pointed
"star". Mag 7 SAO 33682
lies 10' WSW. About 4' NW is a
more scattered group of 10 slightly brighter stars.
8"
(10/31/81): compact, about 10 stars mag 10-13 but not rich. Located 10' E of a mag 7 star.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7127 = h2129 on 25 Sep 1829 and recorded "A small, poor,
but neatly defined cluster of stars 10...12 m; with appendages np at some
distance." The
"appendages np at some distance" is probably the more scattered group
in my description.
******************************
NGC 7128 = Cr
440 = Lund 998 = OCL-218
21 43 57 +53 42
54
V = 9.7; Size 3'
17.5"
(9/7/91): 22 stars mag 11-13 in rich and compact 2.5' region. Most stars are arranged in oval ring
NW-SE. A mag 11.5 star at the east
edge has several very faint companions.
Two mag 11 stars are on the south side. A double star mag 12/12 is on the west side as well as a few
other double stars. A string of
stars oriented SW-NE is just NW of the oval ring.
8"
(10/13/81): 15 faint stars, small, rich, over background haze, two mag 11 stars
are at the south edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7128 = H VII-40 = h2130 on 14 Oct 1787 (sweep 765) and recorded
"a cl of small stars of several sizes, 3 or 4' in diam, pretty rich but
like a forming one." JH made
the single observation "a star 9-10m of a ruby red color in an oval
annulus of small stars, 4' diam."
******************************
NGC 7129 = LBN
497 = Ced 196 = IC 5134 = IC 5132 = IC 5133
21 42 59 +66 06
48
Size 8'x7'
17.5" (10/17/98):
fairly high surface brightness nebulosity ~3'x2', surrounding three mag
9.5-10.5 stars at 220x. At 280x,
the brightest region surrounds the southern star (also the brightest star) and
the star 1' to its northeast. Just
preceding this second star is a small knot that does not appear to be
surrounding a star. The third star
is 1' northwest the southern star and has the weakest halo. An additional pair of stars 1.5' and 2'
southwest do not appear to be surrounded by halos. The entire group is encased in a diffuse glow and the
surrounding region appears to be dusty.
IC 5132/5133 are very weak nebulae surrounding two mag 12 stars ~5' NNW.
17.5"
(9/23/89): fairly bright reflection nebula surrounded three bright stars. The brightest portion includes the
southern star. Also a bright knot
is at the north end and it does not appear to be surrounding a star (or the
star is embedded).
13"
(7/20/85): fairly bright with OIII filter but dims using a Daystar 300
filter. This nebulous region
includes four or five stars and appears brighter around these stars. A small knot is at the north end and a
second knot is at the south end.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7129 = H IV-75 on 18 Oct 1794 (sweep 1063) and recorded "3
stars about 9m involved in nebulosity. The whole takes up a space of about 1.5'
diam, 2 other stars of the same size and very near are not enclosed in the
nebulosity." On 16 Sep 1798
(sweep 1079) he logged "3 stars about 9-10m involved in nebulosity; 2 sp
stars very near them are free from that appearance. The nebulosity is of the milky kind and considerably
strong. There is a small 4th stars
in the nebulosity just north of the following one." JH's description is similar: "a
very coarse triple star involved in a nebulous atmosphere." On a second observation he gives the
relative offsets for the 3 stars (A, B and C), which match my observation. His mean position for star A (southern
star) is: 21 42 59.0 +66 06 12 (2000).
Guillaume
Bigourdan's position and description for IC 5134 = Big. 339, found on 15 Oct
1895, clearly applies to the nebulosity around star A only, as he thought NGC
7129 only applied to one of the northern patches. So, IC 5134 is part of NGC 7129. IC 5132 and IC 5133 refer to separate fainter reflection
nebulae surrounding two mag 12 stars ~4' north-northwest, which were discovered
by Isaac Roberts in 1895 on a photographic plate. Bigourdan's NGC 7133 = Big. 91, placed ~10' northeast of NGC
7129, is free of nebulosity and Harold Corwin concludes does not exist. The RNGC position for NGC 7129 is off
by 1.7 minutes of RA and NGC 7133 is misidentified.
******************************
NGC 7130 = IC
5135 = ESO 403-032 = AM 2145-351 = LGG 445-017 = PGC 67387
21 48 19.5 -34
57 06
V = 12.1; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5"
(8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, round, ~1.5' diameter. Well concentrated with a prominent core
and much fainter halo. NGC 7135
lies 19' ENE.
17.5"
(7/16/93): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~N-S, large
bright core. Appears to have a
knot or star superimposed at the north edge. Second of three with NGC 7135 19' ENE and IC 5131 11' NW.
13"
(8/5/83): faint, small, round, NGC 7135 in field 19' ENE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7130 = h3890 on 25 Sep 1834 and recorded "pB; R; glbM;
20"." There is nothing
near his position, but exactly 30' south is ESO 403-032. Lewis Swift independently discovered
the galaxy again on 17 Sep 1897 and described Sw. XI-208 (later IC 5135) as
"vF; pL; R; sp of 2 [with XI-209]; not 7130 or 7135." His position is 4.5' too far southwest,
close enough that Howe was able to find it in 1898-99 and measure an accurate
position (used in the IC 2).
Swift's XI-209 ("3 B st form a triangle; nf of 2") is clearly
NGC 7135.
******************************
NGC 7131 = MCG
-02-55-002 = PGC 67359
21 47 36.1 -13
10 57
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 115d
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, small, almost round, bright core. A mag 14.5 star is 35" SSE of center. A bright pretty double star (·2826 =
8.3/9.0 at 4") is located 5' NNW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7131 = m 454 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, S, vlE,
vgbM." His position is 3' too
far south (matches in RA).
******************************
NGC 7132 = MCG
+02-55-013 = CGCG 427-024 = PGC 67349
21 47 16.6 +10
14 28
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 114d
17.5"
(7/16/88): very faint, very small, elongated E-W, small bright core. An extremely faint star is possibly
involved. A mag 10.9 star is
located 1.1' W.
Lewis Swift discovered
NGC 7132 = Sw II-89 on 18 Oct 1884 and recorded "vF; pL; lE; bet 2 stars;
5 stars west? in form of a pyramid.
My memory locates the stars east of the nebula." His position is 22 seconds of RA too
large but the description pins down the identification (the stars are
west). Rudolph Spitaler measured
an accurate position on 6 Nov 1891 with the 27" refractor in Vienna
(corrected in IC 1 Notes) as well as Bigourdan on 3 Oct 1888.
******************************
NGC 7133
21 44 26.7 +66
10 06
=Not found,
Corwin.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7133 = Big. 91 on 18 Sep 1884 while observing the NGC
7129 complex. According to Corwin,
Bigourdan's offset is 1 min 26.8 seconds east and 3' 49.7" north of BD +65
1638. He described a "pretty
extended area, perhaps 2 arcmin across, in which I suspect some extremely faint
nebulosity, at the extreme limit of visibility." There isn't any visible nebulosity on the DSS at this offset
and Harold Corwin classifies this number as non-existent. See his identification notes.
The RNGC
classification is a diffuse nebula but there is no description. The RNGC position is 4' southwest of
the center of NGC 7129, and it's not clear what object or section of the
nebulosity the authors were trying to identify as NGC 7133. This misidentification is mentioned in
my RNGC Corrections #4 and by Gordon Bond in Deep Sky magazine.
******************************
NGC 7134
21 48 55.8 -12
58 28
Size 0.5'
17.5"
(7/20/96): interesting asterism consisting of a very tight group of four mag
14/15 stars in a 30" arc concave to the south. Situated just 30" S of a mag 12 star. The brightest star is 25" due
south of the mag 12 star and the faintest mag 15 star is at the west end of the
arc. Nicely resolved at 280x and
410x. NGC 7131 lies 23' SW.
Christian Peters
discovered NGC 7134 around 1860 with the 13.5-inch refractor at the Hamilton
College Observatory. He described
it as "very small, but not very faint; nearly S of a star 11m." Herbert Howe, in his visual
survey at Denver, reported "not a nebula; it simply a group of three or
four stars of mag 13-14, which is about 40" south of a 10th mag star. A
most careful scrutiny revealed no trace of nebulosity." The DSS confirms there are four mag
14/15 stars in an arc, just 30" south of a mag 12 star. Harold Corwin agrees with this
identification. RNGC classifies
this asterism as nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7135 = ESO
403-IG 035 = MCG -06-48-001 = AM 2146-350 = PGC 67425
21 49 45.6 -34
52 33
V = 11.7; Size 3.0'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 47d
17.5"
(8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, ~2' diameter, irregularly shaped
bright core. The halo appears to
have an uneven or mottled surface brightness. A mag 14-15 star is embedded at
the west edge [34" from center]. Located just following a bright triangle
of mag 9.5-10.5 stars. NGC 7130
lies 19' WSW.
17.5"
(7/16/93): fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad weak concentration, small
bright core. Follows an isosceles
triangle of mag 9.5-10.5 stars including mag 9.4 SAO 213316 5' NW, a mag 10
star 3.3' SW and a mag 11 star 2' N.
Third of three with NGC 7130 19' WSW.
17.5"
(7/30/92): fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad mild concentration. Unusual as three stars mag 9-10 just
west form a right triangle. The
galaxy is just east of a line connecting the two stars on the east side of the
triangle.
13"
(8/5/83): faint, small, round, similar to NGC 7130 19' WSW. A triangle of stars precedes the
galaxy.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7135 = h3891 on 23 Sep 1834 and recorded "pB; R; bM;
20"; a * 14m precedes just out of neb." On the next sweep he logged "pB; L; vgbM; has 5 st 8m
in field surrounding it [the stars are 9th-11th mag]." There is no question about the
identification, though Swift found the galaxy again in Sep 1897 at age 77 near
the end of his observing career, and assumed it was new. His description for list XI-209 reads
"eeF; pL; R; 3 B st form a triangle; nf of 2 [with IC 5135 = NGC
7130]." IC 5136, also from
Swift just 2 nights earlier, may be another observation of NGC 7135. See Corwin's identification notes for
the story.
******************************
NGC 7136
21 49 43.3 -11
47 35
=**, Corwin.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7136 = LM II-463 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory. He
noted "mag 16.0; vS; R; neb?; *9.5m PA 95¡, separation 2'." There is nothing near his rough
position (nearest min of RA) except stars. Herbert Howe searched for this object with the 20" at
Denver and reported "this is a stellar object of mag 13, which Muller
suspected to be a nebula. At times
it looked slightly nebulous, and at other times distinctly stellar. Nothing is visible in the place give in
the NGC." Howe's position is
less than 1 min of RA east of Muller's and corresponds with a faint pair of
stars (about 10" separation).
A mag 11-12 star is 2' east, clinching this identification.
******************************
NGC 7137 = UGC
11815 = MCG +04-51-005 = CGCG 472-008 = PGC 67379
21 48 13.0 +22
09 38
V = 12.4; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 36d
17.5"
(9/2/89): moderately bright, moderately large, oval SSW-NNE. Mottled appearance with an irregular
surface brightness and an impression of knots involved.
13.1"
(8/5/83): fairly faint, moderately large, round. Fairly low surface brightness.
8"
(8/5/83): very faint, small, round, diffuse.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7137 = H II-261 = h2132 on 17 Nov 1784 (sweep 319) and logged
"F, iR, less than 1' dia."
JH made two observations, noting on sweep 166, "F; R; vglbM;
30"; r." His mean
position matches UGC 11815.
******************************
NGC 7138 = UGC
11817 = MCG +02-55-014 = CGCG 427-025 = PGC 67406
21 49 01.1 +12
30 51
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 177d
17.5"
(7/16/88): very faint, very small, elongated NNW-SSE. A mag 13.5 star is at the NW end 27" from the center.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7138 = m 455 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, vS,
stell." His position is 1'
too far south.
******************************
NGC 7139 = PK
104+7.1 = PN G104.1+07.9
21 46 08.6 +63
47 29
V = 13.4; Size 86"x70"
24"
(8/31/16): excellent contrast gain using a NPB filter at 200x. With this combination NGC 7139 is
fairly bright, round, crisp-edged, 1.2' diameter. The rim is slightly brighter, particularly on the east and
west sides and slightly weaker on part of the north and south rim, giving a
subtle annularity. The interior is
unevenly lit, and a bit darker on the north-northeast side. A mag 13.5 star is off the southeast
end [0.9' from center] and a mag 15.5 star is right at the northeast edge of
the rim.
18"
(8/17/04): easily picked up at 115x unfiltered. At 225x appears moderately bright and large, slightly
elongated ~N-S, ~1.2'x1.0'. A mag
13.5 star is just off the SE end.
The rim appears to be slightly brighter, particularly along the SE side
towards the mag 13.5 star.
17.5"
(10/13/01): easily picked up sweeping at 100x without a filter. Appears moderately bright, round, 1.2'
diameter, crisp-edged. A mag 13.5
star is off the SE edge. Excellent
view at 280x without filter. The
surface brightness appears irregular with a slightly brighter rim, particularly
along the eastern half of the rim.
An extremely faint star is intermittently visible right at the NE
edge. A nice, elongated group of
6-8 stars follows the planetary in the same high power field. Central star not seen at 280x.
17.5"
(8/8/91): moderately bright, fairly large, slightly elongated, 1.2'
diameter. A mag 13.5 star is just
off the SE edge 40" from the center.
A slightly darker center is visible with an OIII filter at 140x but the
annularity is subtle. No central
star visible.
8"
(8/28/81): extremely faint, moderately large, round, difficult, a faint star is
near the south edge. Located about
4' NW of a faint curving arc of stars and 23' E of mag 7 SAO 19595. This is one of the faintest planetaries
observed with the C8.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7139 = H III-696 on 5 Nov 1787 (sweep 775) and recorded
"vF, iR, may be a patch of stars but I have not been out long enough,
about 1' diam." His position
is within 2' of this planetary.
Four nights later (sweep 776) he reported "vF, S, R, lbM,
r." On 15 Oct 1794 (sweep
1062), he noted "F, irr figure, easily resolvable." On this sweep, his position is just
1.3' too far south. Bigourdan
measured an accurate position on 24 July 1884.
Based on
Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported "the oval
is 86"x67" in p.a. 20¡ +/-.
Considerably fainter along the major axis; at the east and west edges
slightly brighter streaks appear, indicating a ring or shell formation."
The declination
is 8.5' too far south in the RNGC, Sky Catalogue 2000, Strausberg-ESO
Catalogue, NGC 2000.0 and the first edition of the Uranometria 2000 Atlas. The
position is correct in the NGC and the P-K catalogue. Kent Wallace was first to note the positional error.
******************************
NGC 7140 = NGC
7141 = ESO 189-007 = PGC 67532
21 52 15.3 -55
34 11
See observing
notes for NGC 7141.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7140 = h3892 on 4 Oct 1834 and recorded "pF; R; gbM;
35"." There is nothing
at his position, but exactly one degree north is NGC 7141 = h3893, which he
found again the following night!
Herschel suspected he made an error and noted "It is not improbably
that this and the nebula immediately preceding sweep 499 are identical, one or
other being mistaken 1¡ in PD.
Still, as both observations are clearly written in MS, and, as the
difference in PD even then is rather considerable (1' 28"), I have thought
it necessary to enter them separately." Despite his uncertainly, NGC 7140 = NGC 7141.
******************************
NGC 7141 = NGC
7140 = ESO 189-007 = PGC 67532
21 52 15.4 -55
34 11
V = 11.5; Size 4.2'x3.0'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 18d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; very bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE,
2.5'x1.0', contains a very bright elongated core. The halo has an irregular surface brightness suggesting
parts of spiral arms. A mag
15 star is just off the west edge, 40" from center. Located 13' NNE of mag 7.0 HD 207618.
Forms a pair
with PGC 190704 = 2MASX J21520060-5535447, 2.7' to the southwest. It appeared faint (B = 16.3), very
small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 12"x8". A mag 14.5 star is 1.2' SE. No redshift data is available on this galaxy so it may be
line of sight.
John Herschel
found NGC 7141 = h3893 on 5 Oct 1834 and recorded "F; L; R; first g, then
pslbM." His position matches
ESO 189-007. He discovered the
galaxy the previous night, but made an error and recorded the declination of
h3892 (later NGC 7140) 1¡ too far south.
Herschel thought they might be equal, but included both entries in the
GC and Dreyer followed in the NGC.
So, NGC 7140 = NGC 7141, with the first observation resulting in NGC 7140.
******************************
NGC 7142 = Cr
442 = Lund 1000 = OCL-241
21 45 09 +65 46
30
V = 9.3; Size 4'
13.1"
(7/20/85): fairly rich but somewhat scattered in parts, large. Includes three brighter mag 10 stars
but otherwise fairly uniform and rich in mag 12.5-13.5 stars.
8": large,
spread out. There is a string of
stars on the east and SE edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7142 = H VII-66 = h2134 on 18 Oct 1794 (sweep 1063) and recorded
"a cl of considerable compressed vS stars, intermixed with some pretty
large ones. iF, 8 or 9' diameter.
Some of the large ones from an irregular kind of circle." On 16 Sept 1798 (sweep 1079) he logged
"a cluster; considerably rich, chiefly small stars, about 12'
diameter." JH made a single
observation and recorded "the chief star in the sf part of a large, pretty
rich, loose cluster of st 12...14m; diam 10'; has more than one star 10-11m in
it." His position is on the
double star HJ 1696 at the east side of the cluster.
******************************
NGC 7143
21 48 53.9 +29
57 24
18"
(10/25/03): this is a faint, very close pair of mag 15 stars that was just
resolved at 257x. At first glance
at 215x, this pair appeared nebulous.
Also, an easier distinctive pair of mag 14 stars is just 2' E. Located 28'
SW of mag 5.1 14 Pegasi.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7143 = h2133 on 15 Sep 1828 and recorded a "strongly
suspected neb, or a vF double star with nebulosity. Has a *11 np." At his position is small clump of stars
and 1.5' NW is a brighter mag 11 star matching his description. The RNGC calls this a double star with
no nebulosity. See Corwin's
identification notes.
******************************
NGC 7144 = ESO
237-011 = LGG 448-001 = PGC 67557
21 52 42.4 -48
15 14
V = 10.8; Size 3.7'x3.6'; Surf Br = 13.6
11" (8/8/04
- Haleakala Crater): moderately bright and large, round, 1.5' diameter,
increases to a very small brighter nucleus. This galaxy has a high surface brightness. A mag 11 star lies 3' NNE. In the same 38' field at 127x as NGC
7145, situated 23' NNE.
Brightest in a
small group along with NGC 7155 and NGC 7151 and one of the brightest members
of the Pavo-Indus Cloud including NGCs 7213, 7205, 7049 and 7083.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7144 = h3894 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "vB; pL; R; smbM
to nucleus; 45"." His
position (measured on two sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7145 = ESO
237-013 = LGG 448-002 = PGC 67583
21 53 20.2 -47
52 57
V = 11.2; Size 2.5'x2.4'; Surf Br = 13.1
11" (8/8/04
- Haleakala Crater): moderately bright and large, round, 1.2' diameter, small
bright core. Bracketed by mag 13
stars just 0.8' SE and 1.3' NW of center.
A mag 11 star lies 2.4' SSE.
Forms a wide pair (same field) with NGC 7144 23' SSW. Located 17' ESE mag 8.5 HD 207615.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7145 = h3895 on 2 Oct 1834 and recorded "B; R; pgbM;
20" within a triangle of 3 st 13m." His single position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7146 = MCG
+00-55-024 = CGCG 376-044 = PGC 67508
21 51 47.4 +03
01 01
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 80d
17.5"
(8/1/86): very faint, small, elongated ~E-W. A brighter star is at the east end. Forms a pair with NGC 7147 4.3' NE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7146 = m 456, along with NGC 7147, on 11 Aug 1863 and noted
"F, R." His position is
1' too far north.
******************************
NGC 7147 = MCG
+00-55-025 = CGCG 376-045 = PGC 67518
21 51 58.4 +03
04 18
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 5d
17.5"
(8/1/86): faint, small, slightly elongated, weak concentration. Forms a pair with NGC 7146 4.3'
SW. Located 14' S of NGC 7149.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7147 = m 457, along with NGC 7146, on 11 Aug 1863 and simply
noted "vF". His
position is accurate. Heinrich d'Arrest
independently discovered this galaxy on 15 Sep 1865. He noted it as slightly elongated and that a mag 10 or 11
star preceded by 10.7 seconds of RA (and a little south).
******************************
NGC 7148
21 52 08.5 +03
20 29
=**,
Corwin. Incorrect identification
in the RNGC.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7148, along with NGC 7149, on 15 Sep 1865 with the
11-inch refractor at Copenhagen.
At his position (measured 3 times) is a pair of stars (~10"
separation on the DSS), so the identification is certain although he did not
resolve the pair.
The RNGC and PGC
misidentify IC 1407 = CGCG 376-048 as NGC 7148. This galaxy is located 6.4' NE of d'Arrest's position.
******************************
NGC 7149 = UGC
11835 = MCG +00-55-026 = CGCG 376-047 = PGC 67524
21 52 11.7 +03
18 04
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 25d
24"
(9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately bright, sharply concentrated with
a bright oval core that increases to a very small brighter nucleus. The core is slightly elongated along
the major axis. The outer halo is
~0.8'x0.6' and has a very low surface brightness. A mag 12.3 star is 1.4' SSW.
IC 1407
(misidentified as NGC 7148 in RNGC and PGC) lies 14' NNE. It appeared fairly faint, small, round,
24" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. This is a double system (II Zw 152), but the nearly stellar
companion (PGC 67535) at the WNW edge was not resolved.
17.5"
(8/1/86): faint, small, round, weak concentration. On a line close south are two stars; a mag 14 star 0.8' SSW
and a mag 12 star 1.4' SSW of center.
Brightest of three with NGC 7146 and NGC 7147 15' SSW.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7149, along with NGC 7148 (just a double star) on 15
Sep 1865 with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen. His position (3
measurements) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7150
21 50 23.5 +49
45 20
Size 0.7'
18"
(9/26/11): this asterism was picked up at 175x as a small knot of 4 faint
stars, ~45" diameter. The
stars are arranged in a slightly curving north-south string, bowed out to the
east with mags of 13.5-14.3. At
285x, a 5th star ~50" E of the string was noticed. Collinear with two mag 10.5/11 stars
situated 3' ENE. Located 14' ENE
of mag 7.0 HD 207647.
George Bond
discovered NGC 7150 = HN 1 on 10 Feb 1848 with the 15" refractor at
Harvard. This was first deep sky
object to be discovered in the United States! Less than 1' north of his position is a small clump of 4
stars that Harold Corwin identifies as Bond's object.
******************************
NGC 7151 = ESO
237-015 = LGG 448-004 = PGC 67634
21 55 04 -50 39
24
V = 12.8; Size 3.0'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 75d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright and large, elongated 5:2
~WSW-ENE, 2.0'x0.8' . There are no
well defined brightness zones but the appearance is unusual; very mottled and
knotty with an odd shape. It is
brighter on the west and wider, seeming to taper on the northeast end. A stellar knot [apparently an HII
region, though perhaps a compact companion] is on the southeast side of the
galaxy. In addition, a couple of
stars are superimposed; a mag 14.5 star is at the northwest edge and a mag 16
star is on the southwest edge [28" from center].
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7151 = h3896 on 8 Jul 1834 and recorded "eF; mE; vgbM;
rather wedge-formed; ? if not binuclear." His position (measured on 3 sweeps) is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7152 = ESO
466-013 = MCG -05-51-020 = PGC 67601
21 53 59.0 -29
17 21
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 17d
17.5"
(8/27/92): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S. A mag 14 star is at the SW end 34" from center and a
mag 14.5 star is just off the SE end.
A pair of mag 12-13 stars lie 3.5' N. NGC 7153 is 15' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7152 = h3897 on 18 Aug 1835 and recorded "eeF; vS;
10"; barely perceptible; sky perfectly clear." His position is accurate, though Dreyer
notes in the NGC description that "Lassell not found." Herbert Howe, observing with the
20" refractor in Denver in 1898-99, wrote (in his compilation of NGC/IC
observations) "According to the NGC, Lassell did not succeed in finding
this. It is a small, exceedingly
faint and diffuse stain on the sky."
******************************
NGC 7153 = ESO
466-016 = MCG -05-51-022 = PGC 67624
21 54 35.4 -29
03 49
V = 13.4; Size 1.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 68d
17.5"
(7/28/92): faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, brighter core. Located 10' NNW of mag 9.2 SAO
190727. NGC 7152 lies 15' SSW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7153 = h3898 on 28 Sep 1834 and recorded "eF; S; E; or has
an eF * near." His position
is 1.8' too far north.
******************************
NGC 7154 = ESO
404-008 = MCG -06-48-005 = LGG 450-001 = PGC 67641
21 55 21.0 -34
48 51
V = 12.4; Size 2.1'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 102d
13.1"
(8/5/83): very faint, elongated 3:2, low even surface brightness, diffuse,
requires averted.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7154 = h3900 on 23 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; pL; glbM; more
nebulae hereabouts." The next
sweep he logged "B; pL; irreg R; glbM; r; 60"."
******************************
NGC 7155 = IC
5143 = ESO 237-016 = LGG 448-003 = PGC 67663
21 56 09.7 -49
31 19
V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 4d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 N-S,
~1.6'x1.1'. Sharply concentrated
with an intensely bright, roundish core and fainter extensions (bar) oriented
E-W. The core/bar is encased in a
much larger, low surface brightness halo.
Located 14' NW of mag 7.7 HD 208360. The galaxy is collinear with two mag 11-11.5 stars 4' and
6.4' SE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7155 = h3899 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "pB; S; lE; psmbM;
20"." His position
(measured also the next sweep) is accurate. Lewis Swift found this object again on 17 Sep 1897 and
logged "eeF; pS; R; in line with 2 9m st." His position is 28' north of this galaxy, but Harold Corwin
notes that Swift's description of the two bright stars clinches this
identification. So, NGC 7155 = IC
5143.
******************************
NGC 7156 = UGC
11843 = MCG +00-55-029 = CGCG 376-053 = PGC 67622
21 54 33.6 +02
56 35
V = 12.5; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 105d
17.5"
(8/1/86): fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak concentration, irregular
surface brightness, appears mottled.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7156 = H III-452 = h2135 on 8 Oct 1785 (sweep 461) and recorded
"vF, pL, R, r." CH's
reduced position is 2' northwest of UGC 11843. JH made three observations, logging it as "F; R: pL;
40"; vglbM" on sweep 295, and measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7157 = ESO
532-003 = MCG -04-51-015 = AM 2154-253 = PGC 67693
21 56 56.7 -25
21 02
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 5d
17.5"
(8/3/94): very faint, fairly small, round, 0.7' diameter, low even surface
brightness. A mag 14.5 star is
1.9' N of center. Located 2.7' ENE
of mag 9.3 SAO 190762.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7157 = LM I-244 in 1886 and recorded "mag 14.0;
vS; R; sbMN; B double star precedes 8 sec; env 16.0." His position is 0.7 minute of RA west
and 1.5' south of ESO 532-003. A
mag 10/14 pair at ~12" separation is 2.8' west, matching Leavenworth's
description, so the identification is certain. Herbert Howe, though, observing with the 20" refractor
at Denver, reported in 1898-99 "There is no bright double star in the
vicinity, and I could find no nebula.
Possibly, however, the abbreviation "BD" is here used for
"Bonn Durchmusterung."
Spitaler also failed to find this." Despite their failure (the double star is probably very
difficult), the identification is certain.
******************************
NGC 7158
21 57 28.1 -11
35 33
18"
(8/31/11): At 220x this triple star appears as a soft or nebulous
"star" that won't focus sharply. There is a strong impression, though, of a slightly fainter
companion attached on the west side. I could easily see how the merged image of
this triple could be taken as a possible nebula (described as a "vF
neb[ulous] star"). At 285x it
appears to be a double star, though the separation is quite small and the stars
were not cleanly resolved in only fair seeing.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7158 = LM II-464 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory.
Muller described a "neb*[estimated at mag 14]; *9.5 P 40¡
Æ2.8'." In 1898-99 Howe
reported "this nebulous star is of mag 13. It may be double at 270¡ (west)." Howe's object is a close double star
(fainter component to the west) about 30 seconds of RA east of Muller's rough
position (nearest min of RA).
Bigourdan also measured this same multiple star on 10 Sep 1888.
Harold Corwin
also identifies NGC 7158 as this object (calling it a triple star). A mag 10 star is 2.9' in PA 40¡,
clinching this identification. The
RNGC misidentifies PGC 67698, a faint galaxy about 9' southwest of the triple, as
NGC 7158.
******************************
NGC 7159 = CGCG
428-003 = PGC 67674
21 56 25.6 +13
33 45
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 168d
17.5"
(9/19/87): very faint, very small, slightly elongated ~N-S. A mag 14.5 star at the south end
interferes with viewing.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7159 = Sw VI-94 on 14 Nov 1886 and recorded "eeF; eS; R; pF
* with vF distant companion 5' s."
His position is 9 seconds of RA east of CGCG 428-003 = PGC 67674. His description mentions a "pF *
with vF distant companion 5' S. A
mag 10.7 star is 4' due south with a mag 13 companion 46" NW. Herbert Howe commented the star
south-following is involved, but this isn't the star Swift referred to.
******************************
NGC 7160 = Cr
443 = Lund 1002 = OCL-236
21 53 40 +62 36
12
V = 6.1; Size 7'
18"
(8/17/04): at 160x, ~40 stars are visible in a 8'x6' group, extended
SW-NE. Two mag 7 and 8 stars that
are separated by 1' dominate the cluster.
Both of these stars have much fainter companions. Another nice, mag 13 pair is SW of the
mag 7 star. Stands out well in the
field.
17.5" (10/5/91):
about three dozen stars in a 7' diameter.
Very bright, elongated SW-NE although scattered outliers make the
cluster rounder. Includes several
fairly bright stars with two stars mag 7.0/7.9 at 1.0' separation NE of center
which are surrounded by a semicircle of nine stars. Includes several double stars with a mag 10 star that has a
very faint companion on its west side.
Not rich but distinctive.
Mag 6.8 SAO 19698 is 11' NW at the edge of the field.
8"
(10/31/81): about two dozen stars in a bright cluster, not dense, includes two
mag 8 stars.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7160 = H VIII-67 = h2136 on 9 Nov 1787 (sweep 776) and recorded
"a coarsely scattered cluster of stars of several sizes, 6 or 7' diam, a
forming one." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7161
21 56 57.2 +02
55 39
18"
(10/25/03): this is a close pair of faint mag 15 stars at 9" separation,
situated nearly at the midpoint of two mag 13 stars ~2' N and 2' S. Resolved at 250x, but the faint pair
appears nebulous at lower powers.
Located 10' N of a distinctive equilateral triangle of stars highlighted
by mag 8.9 SAO 127184.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7161 on 13 Sep 1862 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. He made two
observations on consecutive nights
and mentioned a mag 11-12 stars precedes by 11 seconds of time. On the 14th, he described this object
as a small group of stars (19th mag), between two (16th mag) stars. About 2' south of his position is a
pair of mag 15 stars and 1' further south is a fainter and closer pair with a
third extremely close pair to its south.
Karl Reinmuth reported this as a "double star 15 dist 0.2', 0 deg;
bet 2 st ssp/nnf." [the northernmost pair]. RNGC follows Reinmuth and Carlson and calls it a double
star, though Corwin mentions the other closer pairs might have also been
glimpsed.
******************************
NGC 7162 = ESO
288-026 = MCG -07-45-003 = LGG 449-002 = PGC 67795
21 59 39.1 -43
18 22
V = 12.7; Size 2.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 10d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright to bright, very large, very
elongated 3:1 ~N-S, ~2.5'x0.9', broad concentration with an elongated, brighter
core. A mag 16.2 star is at the
west edge. Second brightest in a
trio (similar redshifts) with NGC 7166 11' SE and fainter NGC 7162A 14'
NE. Situated 10.6' NNW of mag 8 HD
208812. NGC 7162A, a Magellanic
spiral, appeared very diffuse, large glow, circular,~2' diameter, no distinct
core or zones.
18"
(10/16/09): very faint, fairly large, appears as a very hazy ill-defined glow,
~1.2'x0.8' N-S. This galaxy was
surprisingly difficult for a V = 12.7 galaxy, though the low elevation affected
the view. Forms a pair with
brighter NGC 7166 11' SE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7162 = h3901, along with NGC 7166, on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded
"F; L; mE; vgbM; (fog)."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7163 = ESO
466-030 = MCG -05-51-035 = LGG 450-003 = PGC 67785
21 59 20.3 -31
52 55
V = 13.4; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 101d
18"
(10/21/06): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 40"x30, low even
surface brightness. Located 34' W
of NGC 7172 (HCG 90). Two mag 12.5
star ~7' SSE are collinear with the galaxy.
17.5"
(7/28/92): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low surface brightness,
diffuse with ill-defined edges, weakly concentrated but no core, requires
averted to see well. Located 7.5'
W of a mag 9.5 star. The NGC
7172-7176 group (HCG 90) lies 35'-40' E.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7163 = h3902 on 27 Sep 1834 and logged "pF; lE; glbM;
40"." His mean
position (3 observations) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7164 = CGCG
377-006 = PGC 67673
21 56 23.6 +01
21 50
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 55d
17.5"
(8/1/89): very faint, very small, round, low surface brightness. Five stars mag 11-15 in a string to the
NE are almost collinear with NGC 7164.
Located 12' from core of the rich cluster AGC 2397 (possible member?).
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7164 = LM II-465 in 1886 and recorded "mag
15.7, R, 4 vF stars from 1' to 4' n." There is nothing at his rough position (nearest min of RA),
but 2.2 minutes of time west and 3.5' south is CGCG 377-006 = PGC 67673. Despite the poor positional match, there
is a string of stars extending north.
This is the northernmost galaxy discovered at the Leander McCormick
Observatory. See Corwin's
identification notes for IC 1415 and IC 1416 (found by Bigourdan while
searching for NGC 7164).
******************************
NGC 7165 = MCG
-03-56-002 = PGC 67788
21 59 26.1 -16
30 44
V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 67d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, small, round, even concentration, small bright
core. Located equidistant from a
mag 13 star 2.1' WNW and a mag 12.5 star 2.0' SE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7165 = H III-930 = h2137 on 6 Sep 1793 (sweep 1050) and noted
"suspected, eF. 300 confirmed
it." JH simply noted in his
only observations "suspected, but the state of the air is most unfavourable." His position, though, is only 3 seconds
of time too large. Herbert Howe,
observing in 1898-99, commented "this nebula contains a condensation [nucleus]
of mag 13."
******************************
NGC 7166 = ESO
288-027 = MCG -07-45-004 = AM 2157-433 = LGG 449-003 = PGC 67817
22 00 32.9 -43
23 23
V = 11.9; Size 2.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 14d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, moderately large, very elongated 7:2
SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.4', sharply concentrated with a very small intense core and
quasi-stellar nucleus. CPO 628, a nice mag 11.9/13.3 double at ~5"
separation lies 4.8' due east and another mag 11.5 star is 2.5' NE. Brightest in a small group with NGC
7162 11' NW and NGC 7162A 15' N.
NGC 7162A, a Magellanic spiral, appeared very diffuse, large glow,
circular,~2' diameter, no distinct core or zones.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7166 = h3903, along with NGC 7162, on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded
"pB; S; R; psmbM; 15"."
His position is just off the east side of the galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7167 = ESO
532-009 = MCG -04-52-001 = AM 2157-245 = PGC 67816
22 00 30.9 -24
38 00
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 145d
17.5"
(10/13/90): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 WNW-ESE, weak
concentration. A mag 10.5 star is
off the east end 1.3' from center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7167 = h3905 on 29 Jul 1834 and recorded "F; R; vglbM;
45"; has a * 10m, 90" dist from centre, following in
parallel." His position and
description is a perfect match.
******************************
NGC 7168 = ESO
237-026 = AM 2158-515 = PGC 67882
22 02 07.4 -51
44 35
V = 11.9; Size 2.0'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 68d
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, moderately bright, fairly small,
round, 1' diameter, sharply concentrated with a very small bright core. A mag 14.5 star is close southeast,
just 43" from the center.
Located 27' S of brighter IC 5152.
PGC 101233, located 3' SE, appeared extremely faint and small with a
brighter 15" core surrounded by an extremely faint halo (possibly
elongated). The companion's
redshift is 4x that of NGC 7168.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7168 = h3904 on 8 Jul 1834 and recorded "pF; S; R: pslbM;
15"." On two later
sweeps he called this galaxy "pB". JH missed IC 5152.
******************************
NGC 7169 = ESO
237-028 = PGC 67913
22 02 48.6 -47
41 52
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 78d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 WSW-ENE, 0.55'x035', sharply concentrated with a very bright,
small core and much fainter halo.
A mag 13 star is 1.4' NE and a mag 15.5 star is just off the northeast
end, 0.5' from center. Situated
3.2' ESE of mag 8.8 HD 209175.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7169 = h3906 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "eF; S; R;
difficult to distinguish from a * 15m; has a * 8m, distance 4' np, nearly in
parallel, and another 11m, 60" nf." His position is 45 seconds of RA too far west, but the
detailed description clinches this identification. The error in RA is noted in
the ESO and SGC.
******************************
NGC 7170 = PGC
67848
22 01 26.3 -05
25 58
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 158d
17.5"
(8/8/91): faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, broad concentration. A nice double star is 5' W consisting
of a mag 12/13 duo at 9" separation.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7170 = LM I-245 in 1886 and recorded "mag 13.0;
pS; iR; bMN; double star p 36 seconds." His rough position (nearest min of RA) is 40 seconds of RA
west of PGC 67848. The double star
he mentions precedes, though by only 20 seconds of time. Ormond Stone measured an accurate
micrometric offset (in the "Southern Nebulae" paper) but the position
given in the IC 1 is notes is 1.0 tmin too far east! Bigourdan also corrected the RA on 27 Oct 1888 and noted the
NGC RA was off by 40 seconds (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7171 = MCG
-02-56-005 = PGC 67839
22 01 02.0 -13
16 11
V = 12.2; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 120d
24"
(9/22/17): at 200x and 375x; moderately or fairly bright, fairly large,
elongated ~5:3 NW-SE, ~1.6'x0.9', irregular halo and surface brightness,
broadly concentrated, occasionally seemed to have brighter elongated sections
(arcs of spiral arms?) and darker regions (dust?). A mag 14.7 star is at the southeast end.
IC 1417,
situated 12' NW. appeared fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated, 3:1 or
7:2 WNW-ESE, 0.9'x0.3', contains a small bright elongated core with faint
extensions, a mag 15 star is at the ESE end.
13.1"
(9/3/83): faint, very diffuse, moderately large, weakly concentrated but no
nucleus, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE.
Appears fainter than the V magnitude suggests.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7171 = H III-692 = h2138 on 12 Aug 1787 (his only discovery on
sweep 750) and recorded "eF, E from np to sf, about 2' long and 1'
broad." JH made three
observations and recorded on 9 Sep 1825, "vF; R; vgbM; r; 90"."
******************************
NGC 7172 = HCG
90A = ESO 466-038 = MCG -05-52-007 = LGG 450-006 = PGC 67874
22 02 01.7 -31
52 18
V = 11.9; Size 2.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 100d
24"
(8/23/14): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, ~1.5'x0.6',
increases in size with averted.
Contains a brighter, elongated core that bulges slightly and the halo
has a sharper edge along with south edge.
NGC 7173, 7174 and 7176 triplet lies ~7' SSE, the quartet forming HCG
90.
18"
(10/21/06): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated ~2:1 E-W, ~1.8'x1.0',
broad concentration. A mag 10.6
star lies 2.5' SE and two mag 13 stars 1.5' SW and 3' SW are collinear with the
galaxy.
18"
(9/3/05): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 1.4'x0.6',
contains a brighter bulging core.
A mag 10.5 star lies 2.5' SE.
Located ~7' N of the main grouping (NGC 7173, NGC 7174, NGC 7176) in HCG
90) and largest in the group.
13.1"
(7/27/84): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated, fairly diffuse. Brightest of four in HCG 90. The compact trio consisting of NGC
7173, NGC 7174, NGC 7176 is roughly 7' S.
8"
(7/24/82): very faint, fairly small, elongated E-W.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7172 = h3908 on 23 Sep 1834 and logged "pB; R;
40"." His position
(measured on 4 sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7173 = HCG
90C = ESO 466-039 = MCG -05-52-008 = UGCA 422 = VV 698 = LGG 450-007 = KTS 66A
= PGC 67878
22 02 03.4 -31
58 27
V = 12.0; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 143d
24"
(8/23/14): bright, moderately large, round, 45" diameter. Contains a relatively large, very
bright core that gradually increases to the center. NGC 7174/7176
(contact pair) is less than 1.5' southeast. NGC 7172 lies 6' north. The quartet forms HCG 90 and the close triplet is KTS 66.
18"
(10/21/06): fairly bright, fairly small, round, well concentrated with a very
bright 30" core that increases to the center. The core is surrounded by a much fainter halo perhaps
45" diameter. In a trio with
the contact pair NGC 7174/7176 1.4' SE.
18"
(9/3/05): moderately bright, fairly small, round, evenly concentrated to a
brighter core and quasi-stellar nucleus.
Located 1.5' NW of the NGC 7176/7174 pair in HCG 90 and just slightly
fainter and smaller than NGC 7174.
13.1"
(7/27/84): faint, small, round.
Similar in size and brightness to NGC 7176 1.5' SE in a compact trio
with NGC 7174 1.3' SE. Member of
the HCG 90 = NGC 7173 group = Klemola 34.
8"
(7/24/82): faint, small.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7173 = h3909 on 25 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; vS; R; sbM to
a star." His position
(measured on 4 sweeps) and sketch (plate IV, fig 11) matches ESO 466-039 = HCG
90C.
RNGC reverses
the identifications of NGC 7173 and NGC 7174, making NGC 7173 and NGC 7176 the
contact pair instead of NGC 7174 and NGC 7176, as described by Herschel. Sherburne Burnham measured accurate
positions (Publications of Lick Observatory, II) and the galaxies were
correctly identified. The identifications are also sorted out in my RNGC
Corrections #1.
******************************
NGC 7174 = HCG
90D = ESO 466-040 = MCG -05-52-010 = VV 698 = LGG 450-004 = KTS 66B = PGC 67881
22 02 06.8 -31
59 37
V = 13.3; Size 2.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 88d
24"
(8/23/14): at 375x, NGC 7174 was elongated perhaps 3:1 E-W, 0.9'x0.3'. The surface brightness is irregular
with no core region. The galaxy appears to taper and brighten at the west end
with a bend or short kink angling northwest. The east end merges into the halo of NGC 7176 on the its
southwest end!
18"
(10/21/06): this is the western component of an interacting system with NGC
7176 attached to the east side. At
225x appears fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, 1.0'x0.4, very weak
concentration, no noticeable core.
18"
(9/3/05): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 E-W, 0.9'x0.3'. This member of the HCG 90 quartet is
attached at the west edge of NGC 7176 and extends due west. The identifications of NGC 7173 and NGC
7174 are reversed in the RNGC.
13.1"
(7/27/84): fairly faint, small.
Virtually in contact with NGC 7176 on the NE edge 26"
separation. In a compact trio with
NGC 7173 1.3' NW in the NGC 7172 group.
The identifications of NGC 7173 and NGC 7174 are reversed in the RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7174 = h3910 on 28 Sep 1834 and recorded "in sweep 493 this
was taken for a vF star, but I now perceive it plainly to a small faint round
nebula." His position and
sketch matches ESO 466-040 = HCG 90D.
The RNGC reverses
the identifications of NGC 7173 and 7174, making NGC 7173 and 7176 the contact
pair. This misidentification is
listed in my RNGC Corrections #1.
******************************
NGC 7175
21 58 51.5 +54
49 01
17.5"
(10/25/97): at 100x there is no noticeable clustering at the John Herschel's
position centered on a mag 9 star at 21 58 51.5 +54 49 01. Visually, this appears to be a rich
Milky Way field over unresolved haze.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7175 = h2141 on 25 Sep 1829 and recorded "The chief * 9m of
a vL, loose clustering group which fills two fields and is pretty rich of large
stars." His position
corresponds with mag 9.1 SAO 33935 at 21 58 51.5 +54 49 01. Reinmuth adds
"a dense region, no distinct Cl." RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent. See Corwin's identification notes for
more on this number.
******************************
NGC 7176 = HCG
90B = ESO 466-041 = MCG -05-52-011 = UGCA 423 = VV 698 = LGG 450-008 = KTS 66C
= PGC 67883
22 02 08.4 -31
59 30
V = 11.4; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 11.0
24"
(8/23/14): at 375x appeared very bright, moderately large, round, 1.0'
diameter, intense core that increases to the center, which contains a bright,
stellar nucleus. NGC 7174, with an elongated, irregular shape, is merged with
NGC 7176 on the southwest side, and the combination forms a striking triple
with NGC 7173 1.5' northwest. ESO
466-046 lies 7.5' due east. This
edge-on galaxy appeared extremely faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1
SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.15'. A mag 15 star
is off the southeast end.
18"
(10/21/06): slightly brighter than NGC 7173. Appears bright, moderately large, round, 1.1' diameter. Sharply concentrated with a very bright
30" core that increases to a stellar nucleus. Forms an interacting double system (merged) with NGC 7174
(elliptical/spiral pair) attached to the SW side.
18"
(9/3/05): fairly bright, moderately large, 1' diameter, well concentrated with
a bright, very small nucleus. This
is the most obvious (along with NGC 7172) in a quartet comprising HCG 90. NGC 7174 is attached at the west edge.
13.1"
(7/27/84): faint, small, round, similar to NGC 7173 1.5' NW. Forms a contact pair with NGC 7174 at
the SW edge in the NGC 7172 group = HCG 90.
8"
(7/24/82): faint, small. Component
of an unresolved pair with NGC 7174.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7176 = h3911 on 23 Sep 1834 (sweep 492) and recorded "B; R;
pgbM; 40"." Two nights later (sweep 493) he logged "vB; pL; sbM
to a star; has a very faint star sp." His position (measured on 6 sweeps and sketched on plate IV,
fig 11) matches ESO 466-041 = HCG 90B.
The "faint star" on sweep 493 is NGC 7174 - recorded as a
nebula on sweep 495.
******************************
NGC 7177 = UGC
11872 = MCG +03-56-003 = CGCG 451-002 = PGC 67823
22 00 41.2 +17
44 17
V = 11.2; Size 3.1'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 90d
17.5"
(8/5/91): very bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 E-W, 2'x1'. Unusual appearance as the very bright
core is elongated at nearly a 45¡ angle (SW-NE) to the major axis and contains
a stellar nucleus. There is a hint
of an irregular surface brightness in the outer halo.
13":
moderately bright, brighter core, elongated WSW-ENE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7177 = H II-247 = h2139 on 15 Oct 1784 (sweep 290) and recorded
"pB, nearly R, bM, r, about 1' dia." On 11 Oct 1825, JH reported "pB; R; gbM;
60"-90" diameter."
R.J. Mitchell sketched this galaxy on 31 Aug 1854 (included in the LdR
1861 publication). A total of 19
observations were made at Birr Castle.
******************************
NGC 7178 = ESO
404-022 = MCG -06-48-016 = PGC 67898
22 02 25.2 -35
47 26
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 172d
17.5"
(9/23/95): extremely faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Appears as a difficult low surface
brightness patch with no concentration.
Located 2.6' N of mag 8.1 SAO 213493. NGC 7178 was much more difficult to view than IC 5157
located 53' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7178 = h3912 on 31 Aug 1834 and recorded "eF; S; R; 2' n of
a *8m; a double star 10/10 m follows nearly on the parallel of the nebula, and
pointing directly to it. A sure
observation; but except in the finest nights this neb will not be seen."
******************************
NGC 7179 = ESO
108-011 = LGG 452-001 = PGC 67995
22 04 49.5 -64
02 49
V = 12.8; Size 2.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 48d
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): first in a group of 5 with brightest member
NGC 7192. At 228x, appeared
moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.8'x, 0.7', brighter
core. I had the impression this
was a barred spiral. A mag 14 star
is just south of the NE end.
Located 21' NW of NGC 7192.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7179 = h3907 on 22 Jun 1835 and recorded "F; R or lE; vgbM;
40"." His mean position
(2 sweeps) is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7180 = ESO
601-006 = MCG -04-52-008 = PGC 67890
22 02 18.4 -20
32 53
V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 68d
18"
(10/21/06): fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 40"x30", very
small bright core, occasional stellar nucleus. Located 16' NNW of NGC 7184 and
first of 3 NGC galaxies with NGC 7185 10' ENE and NGC 7188 21' NE.
18"
(8/2/05): moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE,
1.0'x0.35'. Well concentrated with
a relatively large bright core and much fainter extensions. Member of the NGC 7184 group of 4 NGC
galaxies.
17.5"
(10/12/85): fairly faint, very small, small bulging bright core, surrounded by
oval halo. Located 16' NNW of NGC
7184 in a group. NGC 7185 lies 10'
NE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7180 = h2140 on 23 Sep 1830 and recorded "vF; S; R; lbM;
the first of 2 [with NGC 7185]." His position is just 1' too far west. Due
to a mix-up, WH is credited (H III-693) with the discovery in the Slough
Catalogue, GC and NGC, but H III-693 applies to NGC 7185. See notes on that number.
******************************
NGC 7181 = CGCG
377-014 = PGC 67859
22 01 43.5 -01
57 38
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 95d
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, small bright core. A mag 14.5 star is just 0.6' SE of
center. Forms a pair with NGC 7182
14' S.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7181 = m 458 on 31 Jul 1864 and noted "eF, vS,
stellar." His position is
just off the east side of the galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7182 = MCG
+00-56-006 = CGCG 377-015 = PGC 67864
22 01 51.6 -02
11 48
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 110d
17.5"
(8/31/86): faint, very small, round, easy with averted, small bright core. Forms a pair with NGC 7181 14' N. Located 21' W of Omicron Aquarii (V =
4.7).
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7182 = m 459 on 31 Jul 1864 and noted "eF, vS,
stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7183 = ESO
601-008 = MCG -03-56-004 = PGC 67892
22 02 21.6 -18
54 59
V = 11.9; Size 3.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 77d
17.5"
(10/13/90): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, gradually
increases to a small bright core.
Located at the center of four stars mag 11-13; the closest of the four
is a mag 12 star 1.9' NW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7183 = H II-595 = h2142 on 23 Sep 1786 (sweep 601) and recorded
"F, cL, irr E." He
observed it again of 13 Nov 1786 (sweep 634) and noted "eF, S, lE nearly
in the parallel, lbM." On 21
Sep 1830, JH logged "vF; pL; R; pglbM; 50"."
******************************
NGC 7184 = ESO
601-009 = MCG -04-52-009 = UGCA 425 = PGC 67904
22 02 39.8 -20
48 46
V = 10.8; Size 6.0'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 61d
18"
(10/21/06): bright, large, very elongated 4:1 WSW-ENE, 4.5'x1.1'. The halo extends to a mag 11.5 star at
the tip of the ENE arm. The core
is fairly sharply concentrated, round, ~20" in diameter with a stellar
nucleus. The extensions have a
grainy appearance. Two wide pairs of mag 12 stars (~1' separation) lie 2' W and
7' NW. Brightest and largest in a
group of three NGC galaxies (NGC 7180, NGC 7185, NGC 7188).
18"
(8/2/05): fairly bright, large, nearly edge-on 4:1 SW-NE, ~4'x1'. Well concentrated with a brighter
30" roundish core. The
extensions fade at the tips and increase in size with averted vision. A mag 11.5 star is off the NE extension
in the same direction as the major axis and a wide pair of stars is near the
southwest end. Brightest in a
group with NGC 7180, NGC 7185 and NGC 7188.
17.5"
(10/12/85): bright, large, very elongated WSW-ENE with long faint extensions
5'-6' length, small bright core. A
mag 12 star is off the NE edge. In
a group with NGC 7180, NGC 7185 and NGC 7188.
8"
(8/28/81): faint, fairly large, edge-on, narrow.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7184 = H II-1 = h2143 on 28 Oct 1783, the first night of his
systematic sweeps! (internal discovery #1). He was using the "front-view" mode without a
secondary (first 41 sweeps). He
made another observation on 13 Oct 1786 (sweep 609, again using the
front-view): "F, mE, er, making an angle with two pairs of stars, which
are situated in a line from np to sf.
The nebula is also followed by a small star, which continues the angle
the nebula makes with the two pairs of stars." JH made the single observation on 23 Sep 1830, "pB; pL;
vmE; position = 64.3¡; psvlbM; 2' long." On 7 Sep 1850, George Stoney (LdR's assistant) reported seeing
4 knots or faint stars in the nebula.
******************************
NGC 7185 = ESO
601-010 = MCG -04-52-011 = PGC 67919
22 02 56.7 -20
28 17
V = 12.6; Size 2.3'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 15d
18"
(10/21/06): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.35',
contains a small bright core, perhaps 5" diameter. There is an extremely faint star
superimposed on the southwest side [20" SW of center]. Member of the NGC 7184 group with NGC
7180 10' WSW and NGC 7188 12' NE.
18"
(8/2/05): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE. Contains a relatively large, bright
core and possibly a stellar nucleus.
The surface brightness seems irregular, though this may be due to a very
faint star that is superimposed.
17.5"
(10/12/85): fairly faint, elongated ~N-S, bright core, stellar nucleus,
surrounded by faint extensions.
Located within the NGC 7184 group.
Appears slightly fainter than NGC 7180 10' WSW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7185 = H III-693 = h2144 on 11 Sep 1787 (sweep 754) and noted
"eF, vS. 360x confirmed it,
but may consist of but a few stars."
His position is 33 tsec east and 2' north of ESO 601-006 = PGC 67890 and
falls much closer to NGC 7185. JH
found this galaxy again on 23 Sep 1830 along with nearby NGC 7180, and noted
"vF; pL; irr R; vglbM; the second of two." JH accidentally assigned H III-693 to h2140 = NGC 7180 in
the Slough catalogue, although Wolfgang notes his sweep records show the
correct identification.
******************************
NGC 7186
22 01 05.1 +35
04 41
=4*, WH. =7 faint stars, Reinmuth.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7186 = H III-165 on 13 Sep 1784 (sweep 269) and recorded
"Five or six stars forming a parallelogram and mixed with very faint
nebulosity. 240 confirmed
it." Although an elongated
group of about 8 faint stars matching his description is about 4' southwest of
his offsets, there is no involved nebulosity. Herschel used this object as an example of a "small
patches consisting of stars mixed with nebulosity" in his 1814 PT
paper. Bigourdan's corrected
position from 24 Aug 1884 in the IC 2 notes is accurate. Reinmuth describes "7 F st; neb
not found" (repeated by
Carlson). See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7187 = ESO
404-024 = MCG -06-48-018 = AM 2159-330 = LGG 450-011 = PGC 67909
22 02 44.3 -32
48 11
V = 12.5; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(7/22/87): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core, stellar
nucleus. Located 39' S of mag 6.7
SAO 213495.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7187 = LM I-246 in 1886 and recorded "pF; pS;
R; lbM." His rough position
(nearest min of RA) is less than 1 min of time east of ESO 404-024 = PGC 67909. Wolfgang Steinicke notes this is the
southernmost galaxy in the NGC discovered at the Leander McCormick Observatory
with the 26-inch Clark refractor.
******************************
NGC 7188 = ESO
601-011 = MCG -04-52-012 = PGC 67943
22 03 29.0 -20
19 05
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 44d
18"
(10/21/06): faintest of 4 NGC galaxies in the NGC 7184 group. Appears faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 45"x35", low even surface brightness. Located 14' WNW of mag 8.2 SAO 190861
and 12' NE of NGC 7185. A mag 14 star lies 1.7' NE.
18"
(8/2/05): faintest of four in the NGC 7184 group. At 225x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
SW-NE, 1.0'x0.5'. Fairly low
surface brightness with just a weak concentration. A mag 13.5 star is off the NE end 1.7' from center.
17.5"
(10/12/85): very faint, small, slightly elongated, weak concentration, very
diffuse. Located 10' NNE of NGC
7185 and a member of the NGC 7184 group.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7188 = LM I-247 on 9 Oct 1885 and reported "eF;
pS; E; lbM." His rough
position (nearest min of RA) is 25 seconds west and 1' south of ESO 601-011. Herbert Howe measured an accurate
position in 1898-99 with the 20" refractor at Denver. I'm surprised John Herschel missed this
galaxy as he observed the other three members in the NGC 7184 group.
******************************
NGC 7189 = UGC
11882 = MCG +00-56-007 = CGCG 377-017 = PGC 67934
22 03 16.0 +00
34 16
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 115d
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, small, elongated NW-SE, small bright core, stellar
nucleus or faint star superimposed.
Located 33' E of 28 Aquarii (V = 5.8).
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7189 = m 460 on 12 Oct 1863 and noted "F, S, lE." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7190 = UGC
11885 = CGCG 428-019 = PGC 67928
22 03 06.7 +11
11 57
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 66d
17.5"
(9/19/87): faint, small, round, small bright core. Located in field 10' S of 21 Pegasi (V = 5.8). IC 5160 lies 16' S.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7190 = St II-28 = St IV-7 on 23 Jul 1870. NGC 7190 was discovered by
Stephan (II-28) on 23 Jul 1870 and found again by Stephan in 1872. His second position is a bit off, but
close enough it's surprising he didn't realize the equivalence. Dreyer assigned two GCS number but
queried "are these identical?"
UGC and PGC reverse the identifications of N7190 = UGC 11885 and IC 5160
= UGC 11884 located 17' S. See
Harold Corwin's notes on the identification of IC 1424.
******************************
NGC 7191 = ESO
108-013 = LGG 452-003 = PGC 68059
22 06 51.3 -64
38 03
V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 136d
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated nearly 3:1 NW-SE, 1.4'x0.5', weak concentration. Located 19' due south of NGC 7192 and
second of 5 in a group. NGC 7199
is located 11' ESE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7191 = h3913, and NGC 7199, on 22 Jun 1835 and recorded
"vF; S; lE; vgbM; 20"."
His single position is just off the south side of the galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7192 = ESO
108-012 = LGG 452-002 = PGC 68057
22 06 50.2 -64
18 57
V = 11.2; Size 2.0'x1.9'; Surf Br = 12.7
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, round, 1.5' diameter, well
concentrated with a very small bright core. A mag 10.5 star lies 5.7' E. Brightest in a group with 5 members including NGC 7179, NGC
7191, NGC 7199 and NGC 7219.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7192 = h3914 on 22 Jun 1835 and recorded "pB; S; R; gpmbM;
20"." His position
(measured on two sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7193
22 03 03.8 +10
48 06
Size 8'
18"
(8/8/10): I noticed this asterism, while observing IC 5160, located in the same
field 7' to the north. The group
is a distinctive asterism of about a dozen mag 11-12 stars that is elongated NW
to SE and extends 6'x1' or nearly twice this length if you include some
scattered stars extending NW. The
group stands out well at low power and is a good impostor of a scattered
cluster.
17.5"
(9/23/95): this asterism consists of almost two dozen scattered stars mostly
mag 10 and 11 in an elongated 10'x2' group oriented WNW-ESE. The stars are spread out but well
detached in the field and immediately catch the eye at low power. A faint galaxy IC 5160 lies 7' N of the
center of the group.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7193 = h2145 on 13 Oct 1825 and recorded "A coarse
straggling cl, stars 9...10m."
His position falls on a blank piece of sky, but 30 seconds of RA
preceding is a distinctive string of mag 10 and fainter stars elongated
E-W. Based on Heidelberg plate,
Karl Reinmuth reported this object as a "Cl, E, pP, st sc, st 9...15; IC
5160 [galaxy] n." RNGC
misclassifies the number as nonexistent, although the group of stars may be an
asterism. A 2016 preprint titled
"Investigation of Galactic open cluster remnants: the case of NGC
7193", concludes "that NGC 7193 is a 2.5 Gyr OCR [open cluster
remnant] composed by 15 confirmed members and 19 probable members and located
at about 500 pc away from the Sun."
******************************
NGC 7194 = UGC
11888 = MCG +02-56-008 = CGCG 428-021 = PGC 67945
22 03 30.9 +12
38 12
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 20d
17.5"
(9/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, weak
concentration. Forms a close pair
with NGC 7195 1.5' N.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7194 = Sw II-90, along with NGC 7195, on 9 Nov 1884 and recorded
"vF; S; R; lbM; s of 2 [with NGC 7195]." His position is 8 tsec of RA too far east and 1.8' too far
north (similar offset as NGC 7195).
CGCG fails to label this galaxy NGC 7194.
******************************
NGC 7195 = MCG
+02-56-008 = CGCG 428-022 = PGC 67940
22 03 30.3 +12
39 39
V = 14.7; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5"
(9/19/87): very faint, very small, round.
Located 1.5' N of NGC 7194.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7195 = Sw II-91, along with NGC 7194, on 9 Nov 1884 and recorded
"eeF; R; v diff; n of 2 [with NGC 7194]." His position is 8 tsec of RA too far east and 1.3' too far
north (similar offset as NGC 7195).
******************************
NGC 7196 = ESO
237-036 = AM 2202-502 = PGC 68020
22 05 55.1 -50
07 11
V = 11.5; Size 2.5'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 53d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, moderately large, very sharply concentrated
with the core increasing to a very bright stellar nucleus. The halo extends 4:3 SW-NE, ~1.2'x0.9'. A mag 13.5 star is just off the east
edge, 0.6' from center. A curving
chain of stars passes just north of the galaxy and continues to the
northeast. NGC 7200 lies 14' NE
and the pair is part of the same physical group.
PGC 129874 =
2MASX J22060021-5006303, is a small companion off the northeast edge, 1.1' from
center. It was easily visible as a
faint to fairly faint glow, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter, low
surface brightness.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7196 = h3915 on 2 Oct 1834 and recorded "pB; R; pslbM;
20"; position of a * 14m from neb = 101.7¡." His position (measured on 4 sweeps) is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7197 = UGC
11887 = MCG +07-45-005 = CGCG 530-003 = PGC 67921
22 02 58.0 +41
03 32
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 112d
17.5"
(8/5/91): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, very bright
core. Located 4.1' WNW of mag 8.2
SAO 51599. Situated in a very rich
star field that includes many fairly bright stars mag 10-11.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7197 = H II-599 = h2146 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 612) and noted
"F, pS, E." JH made the
single observation "vF; lE; S; vglbM; 15"." and measured a
fairly accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7198 = MCG
+00-56-008 = CGCG 377-023 = PGC 68006
22 05 14.2 -00
38 54
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 5d
17.5"
(8/31/86): faint, small, slightly elongated, sharp stellar nucleus. A mag 13 star is 0.7' SE of
center. Located 21' SSW of Alpha
Aquarii (V = 3.0).
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7198 = m 461 on 31 Jul 1864 and noted "eF, vS, stellar." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7199 = ESO
108-014 = PGC 68124
22 08 29.9 -64
42 23
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30d
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, irregularly round, 0.8'x0.7', brighter core. A mag 11 star lies 2.7' W. Fourth of five in a group with NGC 7191 11' WNW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7199 = h3916, and NGC 7191, on 22 Jun 1835 and recorded
"vF; vS; R; pslbM; follows a * 11m, 3'." His position (measured on
two sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7200 = ESO
237-037 = PGC 68068
22 07 09.5 -49
59 44
V = 12.9; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 33d
30"
(10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, fairly small, sharply concentrated with an
intense core that increases to an even brighter nucleus. The halo is slightly extended SW-NE and
perhaps 0.6'x0.45'. NGC 7196 lies
14' SW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7200 = h3917 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; S; R; smbM;
15"." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7201 = ESO
467-004 = MCG -05-52-026 = PGC 68040
22 06 31.9 -31
15 47
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 128d
24"
(8/16/12): moderately to fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 or 3:1
NW-SE, ~45"x16", small bright core, brightens to the center. Forms a very nice trio with NGC 7203
and 7204.
18"
(10/25/08): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.2',
small bright core. First and
furthest south in a linear trio with NGC 7203 6.6' NNE and NGC 7204 13.5'
NNE. This galaxy has a higher
surface brightness than NGC 7203.
This group (Klemola 36) is located ~1.3 degrees NE of the NGC 7173 group
(HCG 90).
17.5"
(7/22/87): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core. First of three on a line in field with
NGC 7203 6.5' NNE and NGC 7204 13.5' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7201 = h3918, along with NGC 7203 and 7204, on 27 Sep 1834 and
recorded "pF; R; gbM.
******************************
NGC 7202 = ESO
467-*A04
22 06 43.3 -31
13 06
18"
(10/25/08): this is a single mag 14.5 star located just east of the midpoint of
a line connecting NGC 7201 and NGC 7203.
Does not have a nebulous appearance at 280x.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7202 = h3920 on 15 Aug 1835 and recorded "eF; S; star like;
[italics] the second of a group of 3." He later added the note, "It precedes the 3rds 2 beats
of the chronom = 1second. The RA
here set down, it must be noticed, is comparable only with that single value of
the RA of the others, which results from sweep 619]." At his offset from NGC 7203 (3rd in the
sweep) is a single star (mag 14.6 in the GSC). ESO also equates NGC 7202 with
this star (uncertain ID). See
Harold Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7203 = ESO
467-007 = MCG -05-52-027 = PGC 68053
22 06 43.9 -31
09 45
V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 72d
24"
(8/16/12): moderately bright, fairly small to moderately large, elongated 2:1
WSW-ENE, bright roundish core, 40"x20".
18"
(10/25/08): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WSW-ENE, 0.65'x0.4',
gradually brightens to a large, brighter core. Middle of linear trio of elongated galaxies with NGC 7201 to
the SSE and NGC 7204 to the NNE. A
mag 11 star lies 2.9' ENE.
17.5"
(7/22/87): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core. Slightly brighter than NGC 7201 6.5'
SSW. Second of three on line with
NGC 7204 7.0' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7203 = h3921, along with NGC 7201 and 7204, on 27 Sep 1834 and
recorded "pF; R; gbM."
He made a total of 3 observations.
******************************
NGC 7204 = ESO
467-IG 008 = MCG -05-52-028/029 = AM 2204-311 = VV 685 = PGC 68060/68061
22 06 54.0 -31
02 59
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7
24"
(8/16/12): this strongly interacting double system appeared fairly faint,
moderately large, elongated 3:2 E-W, irregular, ~1.0'x0.7'. At 280x it resolved into two
galaxies. According to my notes
the northwest component (MCG -05-52-008 = NGC 7204A) is more prominent with a
higher surface brightness. The
fainter galaxy is attached on the south side (MCG -05-52-009/NGC 7204B) and is
elongated E-W, extending to the east, with the two glows barely resolved.
18"
(10/25/08): this interacting double system is the furthest NNE is an equally
spaced trio with NGC 7203 6.9' SSW and NGC 7201 13.5' SSW. At 174x it appeared faint, fairly
small, elongated 2:1 E-W, fairly low surface brightness with no
concentration. At 283x, it
appeared brighter on the western side (due to the small companion galaxy just
off the NW end), but the duo was not cleanly resolved.
17.5"
(7/22/87): faint, fairly small, round, diffuse. Faintest and last of three with NGC 7201 13.5' SSW and NGC
7203 7.0' SSW. Mag 8.2 SAO 213556
is 7.2' NNE and mag 9.6 SAO 213549 5.8' N. This is an interacting double system but was not resolved.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7204 = h3922 on 27 Sep 1834 and recorded "pB; L; lE; gbM;
80"." Although described
as single, this is a double system with two entries in MCG (-05-52-028 and
-05-52-029) although the MCG declination is 4' too far south.
******************************
NGC 7205 = ESO
146-009 = AM 2205-574 = PGC 68128
22 08 34.4 -57
26 33
V = 10.9; Size 4.1'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 73d
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, this galaxy was surprisingly
bright and large, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 3.5'x1.8', increases to a small bright
core. The outer halo on the
west-southwest end seems to be more extensive but has a noticeably lower
surface brightness. A single
spiral arm appears to emerge from the core on the north side and wrap around
clockwise towards the east!
Situated between mag 8.9 SAO 247319 4' SW and a mag 10 star 4' NE. This galaxy straddles the border of
Tucana and Indus and is close to the southwest corner of Grus.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7205 = h3919 on 10 Jul 1834 and recorded "pB; lE; glbM; 2
1/2' l, 1 1/2' br." Member of
the Pavo-Indus Cloud along with NGC 7213, 7049, 7083 and 7144.
******************************
NGC 7206 = UGC
11904 = MCG +03-56-007 = CGCG 451-006 = PGC 68014
22 05 40.9 +16
47 07
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5"
(8/20/88): faint, small, round, sharp concentration with a very small
core. Pair with NGC 7207 1.6' SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7206 = m 462, along with NGC 7207, on 7 Aug 1864 and noted
"F, S, lE, bM." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7207 = CGCG
451-007 = PGC 68017
22 05 45.7 +16
46 04
Size
0.5'x0.2'; PA = 93d
17.5"
(8/20/88): very faint, very small, round, weak concentration. Forms a close pair with NGC 7206 1.6'
NW. Forms an equilateral triangle
with two mag 14.5 stars 1' E. Not
identified as NGC 7207 in UGC or CGCG.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7207 = m 463, along with NGC 7206, on 7 Aug 1864 and noted
"vF, S." His position is
accurate (to within 1'). CGCG and
UGC (notes for NGC 7206) fail to label this galaxy as NGC 7207. Malcolm Thomson
mentioned this omission in his unpublished "CGCG Corrections".
******************************
NGC 7208 = ESO
467-010 = MCG -05-52-032 = AM 2205-291 = PGC 68120
22 08 24.4 -29
03 04
V = 12.8; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 11.9; PA = 142d
17.5"
(8/10/91): fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration but no
nucleus. On a line between a mag
11.5 star 1.8' WSW and a mag 11 star 3.3' ENE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7208 = h3923 on 28 Sep 1834 and recorded "vF; vS; R; almost
uniformly bright." There is
nothing near his single position, but exactly 1.0 minute of RA east is ESO
467-010 = PGC 68120, certainly the intended object. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1897 (repeated
in the IC 2 Notes). MCG fails to
label this galaxy as NGC 7208.
******************************
NGC 7209 = Cr
444 = Mel 238 = Lund 1004
22 05 07 +46 29
00
V = 6.7; Size 25'
15x50 IS
binoculars (6/19/09): while observing Barnard 168, the fairly prominent, long
dark lane that begins near M39 and heads east in the direction of the Cocoon
Nebula (IC 5146), I picked up this fairly faint, round, diffuse patch that was
easily visible in binoculars. NGC
7209 is perhaps two degrees further ESE and collinear with the B168 dark lane.
17.5"
(10/12/85): 100-125 stars are resolved, bright, large. Located in a very rich field so does
not stand out conspicuously.
13.1"
(9/22/84): about 75 stars, bright, fairly scattered.
8": fairly
large, spread out, similar magnitudes.
Framed by an 8th magnitude star.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7209 = H VII-53 = h2147 on 19 Oct 1788 (sweep 868) and recorded
"a large cl. of pretty compressed considerable L stars, above 15'
diameter." JH made two
observations, first recording on sweep 209, "place of a * 10m near the
middle of a fine L p rich cluster; 50 stars from 10m to 13m counted. It fills field. Moon full."
******************************
NGC 7210 = NGC
7487 = UGC 12368 = MCG +05-54-035 = CGCG 496-043 = PGC 70496
23 06 50.5 +28
10 45
V = 13.5; Size 1.8'x1.7'
See observing
notes for NGC 7487.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7210 = h2148 on 17 Nov 1827 and recorded "eF; R; bM;
ill-defined; a vF double star 45¡ n p 4' dist points just to it." Both his RA and Dec are marked as very
uncertain (::) and there is nothing fitting his description near the
position. There were three failed
attempts at Birr Castle (twice clouds passing) to recover this object and
Reinmuth also reported it was not found on a Heidelberg plate. But JH made two transcription errors
contributing to an erroneous NGC position. His position in his General Catalogue (GC) and repeated in
the NGC is 1 degree too far south.
Furthermore Harold Corwin found (April 2016), that he made a
transcription error in copying the RA in his logbook to his Slough Catalogue,
so the RA (marked as uncertain) is 1 hour too small. Correcting both of these errors, the position of NGC 7210 =
h2148 (as well as the description) matches NGC 7487, later discovered by Lewis
Swift.
******************************
NGC 7211 = PGC
68033
22 06 21.9 -08
05 24
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 90d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, extremely small, round, small bright core, stellar
nucleus.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7211 = m 464 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, S,
stellar." There is nothing at
his position but exactly 1.0 minute of RA west is PGC 68033.
******************************
NGC 7212 = UGC
11910 = MCG +02-56-011 = CGCG 428-032 = PGC 68065
22 07 02.0 +10
14 00
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 33d
24"
(7/30/16): faint to fairly faint, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.4', very small bright
core (round) stands out, occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is off the south edge [35" S of
center]. The seeing was too soft
to confidently see the attached companion at the northeast end.
17.5" (9/19/87):
extremely faint, small, diffuse. A
mag 15 star is involved at the southwest end. Located 16' NE of ·2857 = 7.2/9.0 at 20". NGC 7212 is an interacting, overlapping
pair (listed as a triple in NED) with tidal plumes, but only a single glow was seen.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7212 = Sw V-93 on 2 Oct 1886 and recorded "vF; pS;
lE." His position matches UGC
11910 = PGC 68065.
******************************
NGC 7213 = ESO
288-043 = AM 2206-472 = PGC 68165
22 09 16.3 -47
10 00
V = 10.1; Size 3.1'x2.8'; Surf Br = 12.3
18"
(11/22/08): fairly bright [even from northern California!], moderately large,
round, 1.5' diameter. Contains a
bright 30" core that gradually increases to the center and a much fainter
outer halo.
18" (7/5/05
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): bright, moderately large, round, 1.8'
diameter. Well concentrated with a
small bright core that increases to a very bright stellar nucleus. Forms the western vertex of an acute
isosceles triangle with two equal mag 10.5 stars 6' E and 6' SE.
Located 16' SE of mag 1.7 Alpha Gruis (Al Nair).
11" (8/8/04
- Haleakala Crater, Hawaii): fairly bright, moderately large, round, 1.5'
diameter, increases to a small bright core. Very symmetrical appearance. Easy to locate 16' SE of mag 1.7 Alpha Gruis. Forms the western vertex of an
isosceles triangle with two mag 10.5 stars ~6' E and SE.
13.1"
(7/20/85): fairly faint, small, bright core.
13.1"
(9/11/82): faint, small, round.
Located 16' SE of Alpha Gruis (V = 1.7). This is farthest southern galaxy observed from northern
California.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7213 = h3924 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "vB; R; gbM;
45"." His single
position is accurate. NGC 7213 is
the brightest in a group that includes NGCs 7232 and 7233, IC 5170 and IC 5181.
******************************
NGC 7214 = ESO
467-012 = MCG -05-52-034 = VV 700 = HCG 91A = AM 2206-280 = PGC 68152
22 09 07.6 -27
48 34
V = 12.7; Size 2.2'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.8
18"
(9/3/05): brightest and largest of four in the HCG 91 group = AM 2206-280 =
Klemola 40. At 225x appears fairly
faint, fairly small, irregularly round or a ragged edge to the outer halo,
diameter ~0.8' though grows slightly with averted vision. Contains a small, bright, round
core. Two mag 13 stars aligned E-W
are close south and southwest. MCG
-05-52-035 = HCG 91D is attached at the north end and appears as a very faint,
extremely small knot, ~10" diameter.
ESO 467-013 = HCG 91C, situated 2' NE of NGC 7214, appeared extremely
faint, very small, round, very low surface brightness, 0.3' diameter.
17.5"
(10/13/90): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, very small very
bright core, a mag 13 star is just off the SW end, 1.1' from center. This galaxy is the brightest of four in
HCG 91. An almost stellar
companion, MCG -05-52-035 = HCG 91D, is 30" NNE, MCG -05-52-036 = HCG 91C
2.2' NE and MCG -05-52-039 = HCG 91B 5' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7214 = h3926 on 30 Jul 1834 and recorded "a vS cluster or
resolvable nebula; irreg R; lbM; 2' diam; has 2 or 3 stars larger than the
rest." His position is
accurate. Herbert Howe, observing
with the 20" refractor in Denver in 1898-99, remarked "h calls this a
globular cluster. To me it
appeared to be a nebula having a nuclear condensation of mag 12; the
surrounding nebulosity was indefinite in extent."
******************************
NGC 7215 = CGCG
377-031 = PGC 68127
22 08 34.5 +00
30 42
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 88d
17.5"
(8/31/86): faint, small, elongated E-W, a small knot is possibly at the east
end. Located 10.4' N of mag 8 SAO
27318.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7215 = m 465 on 11 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, S, E." His position is less than 1' south of
CGCG 377-031 = PGC 68127.
******************************
NGC 7216 = ESO
076-003 = PGC 68291
22 12 35.8 -68
39 43
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 133d
30"
(10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, sharply concentrated with a very
bright core, the halo is extended 3:2 NW-SE, ~40"x25". Mag 8.8 HD 210473 lies 4.8' SE and a
distinctive 1.3' string of three mag 10-12.5 stars is 6' WSW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7216 = h3925 on 29 Jun 1835 and recorded "pF; R; gbM;
25"." His position is
good.
******************************
NGC 7217 = UGC
11914 = MCG +05-52-001 = CGCG 494-002 = PGC 68096
22 07 52.4 +31
21 33
V = 10.1; Size 3.9'x3.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 95d
17.5"
(9/2/89): very bright, fairly large, round, dominated by small very bright
core, surrounded by larger halo. A
mag 10.5 star is 3.2' SE of center.
8": fairly
bright, round, moderately large, bright core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7217 = H II-207 = h2149 on 7 Sep 1784 (sweep 259) and recorded
"R, mbM, cL, er, the brightness diminishing gradually." JH made the single observation "B;
R; 30"; gbM." and measured an accurate position. The Birr Castle observers felt this
object was resolvable -- and there are several faint stars involved or at the
periphery. On 16 Sep 1854, R.J.
Mitchell logged "there can hardly be a doubt that this neb is a Cl; some
stars near centre seen by Lord R. with one-inch single lens [power 650] and
filaments of stars at times suspected running out from the nucleus."
******************************
NGC 7218 = MCG
-03-56-008 = PGC 68199
22 10 11.7 -16
39 36
V = 12.0; Size 2.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 20d
17.5"
(9/15/90): moderately bright, fairly large, oval 2:1 SW-NE, 2.0'x1.0', broadly
concentrated halo. Two mag
12.5/13.5 are just following; the brighter star is 1.0' E of center and the
fainter star is at the NE tip.
8"
(7/24/82): faint, moderately large, elongated SW-NE, brighter core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7218 = H II-897 = h2150 on 6 Sep 1793 (sweep 1050) and recorded
"pB, lE, r, about 1 1/2' long, 1 1/4' br." His position is fairly
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7219 = ESO 108-019
= LGG 452-004 = PGC 68312
22 13 09.5 -64
50 49
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 27d
18" (7/6/02
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): last of 5 NGC galaxies in the NGC 7192
group. At 228x it appeared fairly
faint, small, round, 40" diameter.
The brighter core is perhaps 15" and with averted vision the faint
halo increased to ~1' diameter. A
mag 13 star is less than 2' W.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7219 = h3927 on 22 Jun 1835 and recorded "pB; R; psbM; near
2 stars." His mean position
(2 sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7220 = ESO
532-028 = MCG -04-52-020 = PGC 68241
22 11 31.0 -22
57 10
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 3d
17.5"
(8/8/91): very faint, very small, irregularly round, gradually weak
concentration. A mag 15 star is 1'
N and a mag 12 star lies 3.0' N.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7220 = LM II-466 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory. He
reported "mag 15.5, 0.2' dia, vlE, gbM, *10 precedes 3.2' in PA 5¡
(NNE). There is nothing at his
position, but 1.0 min of RA east and 2' north is ESO 532-028. A mag 12 star 3' north matches his
description. Herbert Howe measured
an accurate position in 1897-98 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin
Observatory in Denver.
******************************
NGC 7221 = ESO
467-018 = MCG -05-52-043 = AM 2208-304 = LGG 454-001 = PGC 68235
22 11 15.2 -30
33 47
V = 12.1; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 10d
17.5"
(10/5/91): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, gradually brightens. A mag 13.5 star is just off the NE edge
1.3' from center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7221 = h3928 on 27 Sep 1834 and recorded "F; R; gbM; has 2
stars 14m near; one almost involved." His mean position (measured on 4 sweeps) is good.
******************************
NGC 7222 = UGC
11934 = MCG +00-56-012 = CGCG 377-035 = PGC 68224
22 10 51.7 +02
06 21
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 5d
24"
(9/10/15): at 260x; fairly faint, small, round, very small brighter nucleus,
fairly low surface brightness halo ~24" diameter. A mag 12 star lies 2' S and a mag 13.5
star 1.6' NW. Viewed in fairly
poor transparency.
CGCG 377-036
lies 4.4' E. It appeared faint,
very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. A 4" double (mag 13.5/14.5) is just 0.6' E of center.
17.5"
(8/31/86): faint, fairly small, diffuse, broadly concentrated. Located between a mag 12 star 1.9' S
and mag 13 star 1.5' NW. A mag 11
star is 4.9' WNW. Relatively large
for such a faint galaxy.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7222 = m 466 on 11 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, S." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7223 = UGC
11931 = MCG +07-45-018 = CGCG 530-013 = Holm 788a = LGG 453-005 = PGC 68197
22 10 09.1 +41
01 02
V = 12.2; Size 1.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5"
(8/1/86): moderately bright, fairly diffuse, slightly elongated ~N-S. There are two stars to the south
including one at the south edge.
Forms a close
pair with Holm 788B = PGC 214803 1.0' NW.
The companion appeared very faint, very small, slightly elongated. It's situated west of a star off the
north side of NGC 7223. Also UGC
11927, located 8' WSW, appeared faint, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, very
diffuse.
13.1"
(8/17/85): fairly faint, moderately large, diffuse, elongated N-S. Extends from a star on the south end in
a fan-shape. A faint star is off
the north end. A knot is suspected
just west of the star at the north end (probably an anonymous companion).
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7223 = H III-862 = h2151 on 8 Nov 1790 (sweep 977) and recorded
"eF, pL, iR, r. 300 showed it
very plainly." JH made the single
observation "eF; S; E; among 3 stars, with which however it seems not
connected."
******************************
NGC 7224 = UGC
11940 = MCG +04-52-004 = CGCG 473-006 = PGC 68242
22 11 35.4 +25
51 52
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 110d
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, irregularly round, weak concentration.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7224 = m 467 = St II-29 on 6 Sep 1863 and noted "F, S,
R." His position is
accurate. ƒdouard Stephan
rediscovered the galaxy on 25 Jul 1870 and measured a very accurate micrometric
position.
******************************
NGC 7225 = ESO
532-033 = MCG -04-52-023 = AM 2210-262 = LGG 457-004 = PGC 68311
22 13 08.4 -26
08 54
V = 12.2; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 147d
17.5"
(10/13/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, gradually
increases to a small bright core.
Located 12' NNE of mag 6.2 SAO 190967. The strong dust lane on the DSS was not seen.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7225 = h3929 on 30 Jul 1834 and recorded "pF; S; lE; bM;
15" l, 12" br." His
single position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7226 = Cr 446
= Lund 1007 = OCL-226
22 10 26.9 +55
23 54
V = 9.6; Size 2'
18"
(8/17/04): at 225x, this is a small, faint group with 25-30 stars resolved in a
2'-2.5' region. The star at the NE
edge is a nice, mag 12/13 double.
The remaining stars are generally 14th-15th magnitude and some pop in
and out of view.
17.5"
(11/2/91): 15 stars resolved at 220x within a compact 2' diameter. The brightest mag 11 star is at the WNW
edge and a close double star mag 12/13 at 11" is at the NE edge. The remaining dozen very faint stars
are 14th and 15th mag and located along the south side. Situated in a rich star field over
unresolved background haze.
Edward Holden
discovered NGC 7226 on 20 Jun 1881 with the 15.6" Clark refractor at the
Washburn Observatory and described a "pB nebula connected with a small
cluster of stars which radiate in two streams from the f[ollowing] to
p[receding] side. Diam of Neb 5',
of Cl. 15'. North-preceding in
p[osition angle] 315¡ is a small knot which may be nebulous." His position is just off the east side
of this small cluster.
******************************
NGC 7227 = UGC
11942 = MCG +06-48-015 = CGCG 513-012 = PGC 68243
22 11 31.3 +38
43 17
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 8d
17.5"
(8/27/92): faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, weak concentration, low surface
brightness. View hindered by a mag
10 star at the SW end 34" from the center! Pair with NGC 7228 3.6' ESE. Nearby are UGC 11950 12' E and IC 5180 13' NNW.
On two
occasions, I have picked up nearby galaxies instead of NGC 7227/7228 from the
Sierra Buttes! These include
IC 5180/MCG +06-48-014 (for the
pair) and CGCG 513-016 (for NGC 7227).
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7227 = St IV-8, along with NGC 7228, on 1 Sep 1872. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7228 = UGC
11945 = MCG +06-48-016 = CGCG 513-013 = PGC 68254
22 11 48.6 +38
41 57
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 150d
17.5"
(8/27/92): faint, small, round, broad concentration, no sharp core. Close pair with NGC 7228 3.6' WNW and
UGC 11950 also in field 8' E.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7228 = St IV-9, along with NGC 7227, on 1 Sep 1872. His micrometric position is very
accurate. It's surprising he
missed UGC 11950!
******************************
NGC 7229 = ESO
467-024 = MCG -05-52-051 = LGG 454-002 = PGC 68344
22 14 03.2 -29
22 58
V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 157d
17.5"
(10/5/91): very faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, averted
only. Located between two mag 14.5
stars 1.7' E and 1.2' SW. Forms
the north vertex of a flat isosceles triangle with mag 9 SAO 190990 6' ESE and
an evenly matched double star 5.4' SW (mag 14/14 at 18"). ESO 467-026 = MCG -05-52-056 is located
15' NNE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7229 = h3930 on 27 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; L; R; glbM;
r." His mean position (4
nights) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7230 = MCG
-03-56-012 = PGC 68350
22 14 13.0 -17
04 27
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5"
(10/13/90): faint, small, round, broad concentration with no well-defined core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7230 = H III-931 = h2152 on 6 Sep 1793 (sweep 1050) and noted
"eF, S, iR." His
position is accurate. JH made a
single observation on 5 Aug 1826 and called it "vF; R; bM; 20"."
******************************
NGC 7231 = UGC
11951 = CGCG 530-017 = PGC 68285
22 12 30.1 +45
19 42
V = 13.0; Size 1.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 88d
17.5"
(8/8/91): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, unconcentrated glow. Two mag 14 stars are off the south
edge. Located 15' SW of mag 5.5
SAO 51783 just off the edge of the field.
This object appears as an unresolved patch in a rich Milky Way field
(ZOA galaxy) as it is located just 9¡ from the galactic equator.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7231 = H II-606 = h2153 on 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 620) and recorded
"F, S, easily resolvable or rather a patch." His position is nearly 5' too far
northwest. A second observation
was made on 19 Oct 1788 (sweep 868), though he just noted "eF,
r[esolvable]." JH made the single observation "a most eF nebulous
appearance, which is probably a few minute stars. No other near."
His position is accurate to within 1'.
******************************
NGC 7232 = ESO
289-007 = KTS 67A = LGG 455-002 = PGC 68431
22 15 38.0 -45
51 00
V = 12.0; Size 2.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 99d
18" (7/5/05
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, moderately large,
elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~1.5'x0.6'.
Well concentrated with a bright 30" core. Forms the western vertex of an isosceles triangle with two
bright stars – mag 8.8 HD 211111 3' NE and mag 8.9 HD 211121 3.5' E. To complete this striking arrangement,
a fainter companion, NGC 7233 is 1.9' E and is squeezed between NGC 7232 and
the mag 8.9 star nearly due east.
Observation made with a partially dewed secondary that probably dimmed
both members.
13.1"
(8/17/85): faint, elongated WNW-ESE, brighter core. Located just 3.0' SW of mag 8.5 SAO 231056 and 3.0' W of a
mag 9.5 star. Brighter IC 5181
lies 26' SW. Very far south for
viewing from the latitude of Northern California.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7232 = h3931, along with NGC 7233, on 6 Sep 1834 and recorded
"pB; vS; pmE; psbM; 15" l, 8" br. The preceding of 2."
******************************
NGC 7233 = ESO
289-008 = KTS 67B = LGG 455-004 = PGC 68441
22 15 49.0 -45
50 47
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 133d
18" (7/5/05
- Magellan Observatory, Australia): faint, small, round, ~30" diameter,
increases gradually to the center.
The halo increases a bit with averted vision to 0.6' diameter. This unassuming galaxy is in a pretty
striking arrangement, sandwiched between brighter NGC 7232 1.9' W and mag 8.9
HD 211121 1.5' following. NGC
7232B, situated 4' N, was not noticed although the observation was compromised
by a partially dewed secondary.
13.1" (8/17/85):
not seen from northern California (very low elevation).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7233 = h3932, along with NGC 7232, on 6 Sep 1834 and recorded
"F; vS; R; 10". The
following of 2 [with NGC 7232]."
A star 8m follows nearly on the parallel, and another to the
north."
******************************
NGC 7234 = NGC
7235
22 12 25.0 +57
16 16
V = 7.7; Size 4'
See observing
notes for NGC 7235.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7234 = H VIII-63 on 16 Oct 1787 (sweep 768) and recorded "A
small cl of stars, the stars pL but not many of them." His position (CH's reduction) is just
off the west side of the cluster.
But the GC and NGC position is nearly 18' too far south (apparently JH
made a clerical error) and falls on a blank piece of sky. Harold Corwin also reduced WH's offsets
(1 min 21 sec east and 56' south of Zeta Cephei) and they land directly on NGC
7235, which was found by JH again (h2154) on 16 Dec 1830. Because of the poor NGC position,
Reinmuth looked in the wrong place and concluded "no distinct
cluster". Dorothy Carlson and
RNGC repeated this conclusion. But
NGC 7234 = NGC 7235, with discovery credit to WH.
******************************
NGC 7235 = NGC
7234 = Cr 447 = Lund 1008 = OCL-229
22 12 25.0 +57
16 16
V = 7.7; Size 4'
18" (8/17/04):
at 225x, nearly three dozen stars are resolved in a 4'x3' group, slightly
extended E-W. The brightest mag 9
star is at the east end. A rich
stream of faint stars over haze is the north side and angling WSW towards a mag
10.5 star on the west end.
17.5"
(11/2/91): two dozen stars mag 9-15 in a 4' diameter at 220x. This moderately concentrated group is
elongated WNW-ESE and includes several fairly bright stars. A mag 9 star is at the east end and
there are eight other mag 10-11 stars.
Just west of the mag 9 star is a 1.5' circular hole with no stars. A mag 10 star at the extreme west edge
has six faint stars mag 13/14 close following.
A compact group
of faint stars 13' S appears as a small, partially resolved nebulous glow at
100x. At 220x, 7 stars are
resolved from mag 14-15.5 within a 1.5' diameter. I had taken this as NGC 7234 but Corwin's re-reduced
position from William Herschel indicates that NGC 7234 is identical to NGC
7235.
John Herschel
found NGC 7235 = h2154 on 16 Dec 1830 and recorded "a * 10m, the chief of
a p compact cluster of 15 or 20 stars 10...17m. One, 11m, is of a ruby colour." His position (measured on two sweeps)
is accurate. JH equated this
object with his father's H VIII-63 = NGC 7234, but they were given separate GC
and NGC designation, due to an error in precessing the position of NGC
7234. So, NGC 7235 = NGC 7234.
******************************
NGC 7236 = Arp
169 NED1 = UGC 11958a = MCG +02-56-023 = CGCG 428-058 = 3C 442 = II Zw 172 =
WBL 678-005 = PGC 68383
22 14 45.0 +13
50 48
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6
24"
(9/27/14): first and brightest in a linear trio (Arp 169) with a total length
of only 1.2'. At 375x appeared
fairly faint, very small, round, compact, high surface brightness, 18"
diameter. Forms a very close pair
with NGC 7237 just 35" SE. A
trio of mag 14 star is to the N and NE and a mag 10 star is 2.7' SW.
Brightest in the
poor cluster WBL 678 with CGCG 428-057 5.5' SW ("faint, very small (core),
round, 12" diameter"), UGC 11953 13' WSW ("faint, very thin
streak, 30"x6", even surface brightness"), CGCG 428-049 15' WSW
("very faint, very elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 27"x8", even surface
brightness") and CGCG 428-054 8.5' NW.
17.5"
(8/20/88): first and brightest of three with NGC 7237 35" SE of center and
an anonymous galaxy 1.2' SE, all equally spaced on a NW-SE line. Appears faint, very small, round, small
bright core, in a common halo with NGC 7237. Located 2.7' NE of a mag 10 star. The trio forms Arp 169.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7236 = m 468, along with NGC 7237, on 25 Aug 1864 and noted
"vF, S, stellar." His
declination is off by 1' (too far south).
CGCG fails to label this double system as NGC 7236 + 7237. Malcolm Thomson mentions this omission
in his unpublished CGCG Corrections.
******************************
NGC 7237 = Arp
169 NED2 = UGC 11958b = MCG +02-56-024 = CGCG 428-058 = 3C 442 = II Zw 172 =
PGC 68384
22 14 46.9 +13
50 27
V = 13.6; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.3
24"
(9/27/14): At 375x appeared faint, very small, round, fairly low even surface
brightness, 18" diameter. NGC
7237 is the middle of three collinear galaxies (and second brightest) in the
compact Arp 169 triplet with slightly brighter NGC 7236 0.6' NW and very
compact NGC 7237C 0.6' SE. NGC
7237C appeared very faint, extremely small, round, ~5" diameter (core),
not difficult with averted. Arp
169 forms a very similar triplet as Arp 170 (also in Pegasus).
17.5"
(8/20/88): fainter member of a double system with NGC 7236 35" NW of
center. Very faint, extremely
small, round. In a common halo
with NGC 7236. NGC 7237C, an
extremely faint anonymous galaxy, is also just 38" SE! This galaxy appeared extremely faint
and small, round, at visual threshold.
Located 2.8' NE of a mag 10 star.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7237 = m 469, along with NGC 7236, on 25 Aug 1864 and noted
"vF, S, stellar." Dreyer
questioned if this object was possibly only a faint star while an assistant at
Birr Castle on 29 Oct 1877.
******************************
NGC 7238
22 15 18 +22 30
=Not found,
Corwin and RNGC.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7238 = Sw IV-82 on 1 Sep 1886 and recorded "pF; S; R; mbM;
4 sts in form of a square nr p."
His position is 7' following a mag 6.6 star (which likely Swift would
have mentioned) and there is no nearby non-stellar object. Bigourdan was unable to recover NGC
7238 and Harold Corwin was unable to find a candidate. RNGC classifies the number as
nonexistent. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7239 = PGC
68388
22 15 01.3 -05
03 12
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 75d
17.5"
(8/10/91): very faint, very small, round, bright core. Three star mag 14-15 stars on a line
are close south including a mag 14 star 1.4' S and a faint mag 15 star 2.2' S.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7239 = m 470 on 1 Oct 1864 and noted "eF, vS." There is nothing at his position but 1
minute of RA west is PGC 68388. A
single digit error in time would account for the discrepancy.
******************************
NGC 7240 = MCG
+06-48-024 = CGCG 513-022 = CGCG 514-002 = PGC 68415
22 15 22.5 +37
16 50
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5"
(7/15/93): faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, weak concentration. Situated between a mag 11 star 3.0' NW
and three mag 13 stars about 3' SE.
Fourth in the compact NGC 7242 group. Forms a tight trio with IC 1441 1.4' NNW and IC 5192 1.7'
WSW. Also nearby are NGC 7242 3.5'
ENE and IC 5191 4.1' WNW. The
observed elongation is probably due to superimposed mag 16 star on the southeast
side.
13"
(9/3/83): very faint, very small, near visual threshold. Located 3.5' W of NGC 7242 in a compact
group.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7240 = St V-6 on 24 Sep 1873 and recorded "eF, eS, in
contact in the north with a very small star." His position
matches CGCG 513-022 = PGC 68415.
At the same time he found NGC 7242 and assumed it was new, but it
Auguste Voigt had discovered it earlier in 1865 also at the Marseille
Observatory.
MCG fails to
label this galaxy as NGC 7240.
RNGC and Dorothy Carlson (in her 1940 list of NGC correction)
incorrectly equate NGC 7240 with IC 1441, which is a separate galaxy 1' NNW. Mentioned in Malcolm Thomson's
unpublished "Catalogue Corrections".
******************************
NGC 7241 = UGC
11968 = MCG +03-56-020 = CGCG 451-024 = II Zw 174 = PGC 68442
22 15 49.9 +19
13 56
V = 12.6; Size 3.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 20d
17.5"
(9/2/89): moderately bright, fairly large, very elongated or edge-on
SSW-NNE. Asymmetric appearance as
the galaxy appears brighter on the SSW end and very faint at the NNE end. A mag 11.5 star is just following the
south end 0.8' from center and a mag 13 star is at the NW end. A mag 10 star lies 3.4' SW.
UGC 11964, an extremely
thin and faint edge-on (1.9'x0.15'), lies 5' W. It was just glimpsed at 262x and 285x and was too faint to
see its needle-like shape clearly, though occasionally was visible as a streak,
perhaps 20"x6".
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7241 = St IV-10 on 3 Sep 1872. His RA is 16 seconds too large. Emmanuel Esmiol's re-reduced position (published in 1916)
corrected this error. Bigourdan
also measured an accurate position in 1887, which Dreyer published in the IC 2
Notes.
******************************
NGC 7242 = UGC
11969 = MCG +06-48-025 = CGCG 513-023 = CGCG 514-003 = Holm 789a = WBL 679-004
= PGC 68434
22 15 39.4 +37
17 56
V = 12.9; Size 2.3'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 33d
24"
(8/13/15): brightest in a group of 8 galaxies. At 375x appeared fairly bright, moderately large, oval 3:2
SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.6', large bright core ~30" diameter.
17.5"
(7/15/93): brightest in a group of 7 galaxies. Fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, bright
core. A mag 13.5 star is at the
south edge of halo 40" S of center.
Two mag 14 stars are 1.1' WSW and 1.5' ENE from the center. IC 5195, an extremely faint stellar
companion, is superimposed at the northeast tip. It appeared like a mag 16 "star" and was visible
less than one-quarter of the time.
Nearby are NGC 7240 3.5' WSW, IC 1441 4.0' W, IC 5193 3.5' SSE, IC 5192
5.3' WSW and IC 5191 7' W. See
their entries for notes.
17.5"
(7/28/92): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE. A mag 13 star is off the SE side of
nucleus. A group of 10 faint stars
to the east appears like a faint open cluster. Brightest of four galaxies in tight group including NGC 7240
3.5' WSW, IC 1441 4' W, IC 5191 7' W.
13.1"
(9/3/83): brightest in a group.
Faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, NGC 7240 3.5' W, IC 5191 7'
W. Located 30' S of a mag 4 star.
Auguste Voigt
discovered NGC 7242 = St V-7 in 1865 with the 31-inch silver-on-glass Marseille
reflector. He didn't publish a
discovery list so was not credited in the NGC but his position matches UGC
11969. Voigt missed the fainter
members of the group including NGC 7240.
ƒdouard Stephan independently discovered the galaxy again using the same
telescope on 24 Sep 1873 and described it as "F; vS; diffuse; slbM; a
faint star projecting." His position is very accurate. At the same time
Stephan discovered fainter NGC 7240.
The RNGC photographic description "ALMSTEL" does not apply.
******************************
NGC 7243 = Cr
448 = Mel 240 = Lund 1009
22 15 08 +49 53
54
V = 6.4; Size 21'
17.5"
(10/12/85): at 83x, 150-200 stars are visible in a 20' field. This is a striking cluster at low power
and includes a number of fairly bright stars. On the east side is the nice pair ·2890 = 9.3/9.6 at
9". The cluster is
irregularly distributed into subgroups.
13.1"
(9/22/84): about 80 stars resolved, rich, fairly large, excellent low power
field, includes double star ·2890.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7243 = H VIII-75 = h2155 on 26 Sep 1788 (sweep 863) and recorded
"an extended cluster of coarsely scattered vL stars, in the direction of
the parallel nearly; about 16' long." JH made the single observation "a double star in a very
loose straggling cl, which more than fills the field."
******************************
NGC 7244 = MCG
+03-56-021 = CGCG 451-025 = Mrk 303 = PGC 68468
22 16 26.8 +16
28 17
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.0
17.5"
(8/20/88): faint, small, round, weak concentration.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7244 = St IV-11 on 6 Sep 1872. His position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7245 = Cr
449 = Mel 241 = Lund 1010
22 15 16 +54 20
12
V = 9.2; Size 5'
18"
(8/27/05): small, rich group at 323x with at least three dozen stars resolved
within the borders of an isosceles triangle (long sides ~4') formed by a mag
8.9 star (HD 235771) at the NE corner and two mag 10.7/10.9 stars on the west
and south sides. Contains a rich,
1' ball of stars that follows the brighter star on the west side.
King 9 is close
northeast. At 323x, this rich,
distant cluster appeared as a very small, faint knot of stars is just south of
a mag 13.5-14 stars. Perhaps a
half-dozen stars were resolved, though these may be superimposed field stars as
the brightest cluster members are ~16.5.
17.5"
(8/5/94): about two dozen stars in a 2.5' diameter bordered by a mag 11 star on
the west edge, a mag 10 star on the SSE edge and a mag 9 star (SAO 34240) off
the NE side. A small 1' diameter
core is richer. A large dust lane
appears to cut through the 20' field SW-NE and passes the east side of
cluster. At low power other dark
patches are evident. Open cluster
IC 1442 is in the low power field 20' SE.
13.1"
(9/9/83): about 20 fainter stars mostly in a string. Other rich enhancements are near in this Milky Way
field.
8": 15
faint stars elongated N-S with a double star at the north edge. Includes three brighter stars mag 8-10
around the edges but the rest of the stars are mag 13 or fainter.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7245 = H VI-29 = h2157 on 14 Oct 1787 (sweep 765) and noted
"a compressed cluster of extremely small stars." JH made the single observation "a
Milky Way cluster. Stars 14...15m. It is more crowded than the Milky Way,
so as to run up to a condensed but faint mass of light." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7246 = IC
5198 = MCG -03-56-014 = PGC 68512
22 17 42.7 -15
34 17
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 162d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, weak
concentration, faint stellar nucleus.
A mag 12.5 star is involved at the north end 1.0' NNE of center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7246 = H III-932 = h2156 on 6 Sep 1793 (sweep 1050) and recorded
"eF, S, lE. Just south of a
small star, to which it seemed almost to be attached, but is free from it. The star is the first of 3 making a
small triangle. His position and
description is a perfect match with
MCG -03-56-014 =
PGC 68512. JH logged "vF; R;
vgbM; has a * 13m south, at a dist from edge = 1 diam by diagram."
Malcolm Thomson
found that Bigourdan's IC 5198 is a duplicate of NGC 7246. Bigourdan made positional errors in
declination with his offset stars.
Once the correct stars are identified, his offsets point to NGC
7246. See Harold Corwin's
identification notes on IC 5198.
******************************
NGC 7247 = ESO
533-008 = MCG -04-52-032 = PGC 68511
22 17 41.2 -23
43 52
V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 2d
17.5"
(7/1/89): fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S, weak concentration. A pretty double star h5324 = 9.1/10.5
at 10" is 2.5' NW!
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7247 = LM I-248 in 1886 and recorded "pF, vS,
R, B double star p 13 seconds, F double star follows 5 seconds." His rough position (nearest min of RA) is
25 seconds of RA east of ESO 533-008, with the bright double star h5324 to the
NW by 2.6' and an extremely faint double that follows by 5 seconds. Herbert Howe measured an accurate
position in 1898-99.
******************************
NGC 7248 = UGC
11972 = MCG +07-45-022 = CGCG 530-019 = LGG 456-002 = PGC 68485
22 16 52.6 +40
30 16
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 133d
24"
(9/2/16): at 375x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE,
1.25'x0.5'. Strong concentration
with a very bright slightly elongated core that increases to the center. The outer extensions have a low
surface brightness. Sitated in a
rich star field between two doubles; a 12" pair is 2' E and a 8" pair
is 2.7' W. NGC 7250 is 17' ENE.
24"
(8/7/13): at 375x appeared fairly bright, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.9'x0.5',
sharply concentrated with a bright oval core that increases to the center and a
moderately large halo. A 12"
pair of mag 13.5-14 stars lies 2' E, a 7" pair of mag 12-12.5 stars is
2.7' W, and finally a 10" pair of mag 14 stars lies 3' WNW. Not surprisingly in a Milky Way field.
NGC 7250 is 17' ENE.
13.1"
(8/24/84): fairly faint, small, very elongated 5:2 NW-SE, small bright
nucleus. Two faint double stars
are near including a mag 13/14 pair at 12" located 2' E. NGC 7250 lies 17' ENE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7248 = H III-863, along with NGC 7250, on 8 Nov 1790 (sweep 977)
and recorded "vF; vS; mbM."
His position (CH's reduction) is off by 7 seconds of RA east and 1' north.
******************************
NGC 7249 = ESO
190-001 = PGC 68606
22 20 31.0 -55
07 29
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 136d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter,
weak concentration. Forms a pair
with PGC 95403 = 2MASX J22204571-5506093, just 2.5' NE. The companion was logged as very faint,
small, 15" diameter. A mag 15.5-15.8 star is 0.4' NE. These are the two brightest members of
the southern cluster AGC 3869.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7249 = h3933 on 4 Oct 1834 and recorded "eeF; R; rather a
doubtful object." Despite his doubts, his position is within 1' of ESO
190-001 = PGC 68606, the brightest member of AGC 3869.
******************************
NGC 7250 = UGC
11980 = MCG +07-45-024 = CGCG 530-022 = Mrk 907 = PGC 68535
22 18 17.8 +40
33 45
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 157d
24"
(9/2/16): at 200x; this disrupted galaxy or interacting pair appeared
moderately bright, elongated 5:2 N-S, 0.7'x0.3', bright core. A small, very faint knot or extension
is at the north end. A mag 10.9 star is 0.9' SE of center. At 375x; the "knot" attached
on the west side of north end of the galaxy extends ~20"x10" NNW-SSE
(slightly different PA than the main galaxy), increasing the total size of the
merged glow to nearly 1.0'x0.3'.
HyperLeda catalogues the object at the north end as a galaxy (PGC
214816), though on the SDSS it appears to be a collection of blue knots. NGC 7248 is 17' WSW.
24"
(8/7/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, 0.75'x0.3',
sharply concentrated with a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 11 star is just off the SSE edge. The structure at the north end was
masked by Type-Ia supernova 2013dy at mag 13-13.5, which was discovered on July
10th, a couple of weeks before maximum.
The supernova was 2" W and 25" N of the nucleus of NGC 7250.
18"
(10/19/06): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.2', very
small bright core. A mag 11 star
is just off the SSE end. The
galaxy fades at the tips, so the full extent was difficult to determine but
appears to extend to 1.0'x0.25'. A
very faint knot (PGC 214816) is occasionally visible at the NNW end. This nearly stellar "knot" is
often noted as an interacting companion, though it may be a bright HII complex
in the galaxy. NGC 7250 is
classified as a starburst galaxy.
13.1"
(8/24/84): fairly faint, very elongated streak NNW-SSE, small bright core. A mag 11 star is off the SSE tip 0.9'
from center. Pair with NGC 7248
17' WSW. This galaxy may be an
interacting double system but it was not resolved.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7250 = H III-864, along with NGC 7248, on 8 Nov 1790 (sweep 977)
and recorded "vF; S; mE; 300 showed it very plainly. The extension from about 75¡ np to sf;
bM." His position is 12
seconds of RA too large (typical error).
******************************
NGC 7251 = MCG
-03-57-002 = LGG 458-005 = PGC 68604
22 20 27.2 -15
46 21
V = 12.6; Size 1.9'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 0d
24"
(9/29/16): at 225x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round,
45" diameter, broad concentration except for a very small brighter nucleus
with direct vision. MCG
-03-57-001, 11' SSW of NGC 7251, appeared faint to fairly faint, elongated 2:1
~E-W, 0.8'x0.4', weak concentration with no noticeable core or nucleus.
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, small, round, broad concentration.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7251 = H III-933 = h2158 on 6 Sep 1793 (sweep 1050) and recorded
"vF, S, R, bM." JH made
three observations. On 27 Jul
1830, he logged "pF; lE; gpmbM; 20"." and measured an accurate
position.
******************************
NGC 7252 = Atoms
for Peace Galaxy = Arp 226 = ESO 533-IG15 = MCG -04-52-036 = LGG 457-007 = PGC
68612
22 20 44.8 -24
40 43
V = 12.1; Size 1.9'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 118d
13.1"
(9/9/83): fairly faint, very small, round, compact, weak concentration. Located 40' WNW of 49 Aquarii (V =
5.5).
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7252 = H III-458 = h3934 on 26 Oct 1785 (sweep 465) and recorded
"vF, S, er. 240 confirmed it
with difficulty." His
position is at the north edge of the galaxy. JH made the single observation "Not vF; S; R: bM;
30"."
******************************
NGC 7253 = Arp
278 = VV 242A/B = UGC 11984 = MCG +05-52-010 = Holm 790A/B = Kara 72 566A/B =
LEDA 3168458 = PGC 68572/68573
22 19 28.6 +29
23 32
V = 13.2; Size 2.1'x1.4'
24"
(7/24/14): NGC 7253 = Arp 278, a disrupted, interacting double system, was
observed at 260x. NGC 7253A, the
northwest component, appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2
WNW-ESE, ~50"x20". A mag
12.5 star is 1.3' WNW, collinear with the major axis. A 7" pair of mag 15 stars is barely off the ESE
end. NGC 7253B is attached at the
east-southeast end of NGC 7253A, very close to the faint double, and appears
very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15". A mag 13.3 star is 0.7' E. Situated in a rich star field.
17.5"
(9/2/89): NGC 7253A is very faint, small, elongated WNW-ESE. Forms a double system (Arp 278) with
NGC 7253B = VV 242b attached at the east end with a separation of 55"
between center. The companion is extremely
faint, small, elongated SW-NE. A
pair of mag 15 stars is at the east edge.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7253 = m 471 on 9 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, pE." His position is accurate though
apparently he did not resolved this close pair.
******************************
NGC 7254 = NGC
7256 = ESO 602-013 = MCG -04-52-042 = PGC 68686
22 22 36.2 -21
44 14
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 122d
See observing
notes for NGC 7256.
Frank Muller
found NGC 7254 = LM II-467 in 1886 and recorded "mag 13.0, 0.4' dia, R,
*11 at 4.5' separation in PA 280¡ [WNW].
His rough position (nearest min of RA) is 0.6 minutes west of NGC 7256
(discovered by Marth on 27 Sep 1864, though placed 10' too far south). Furthermore, a mag 13 star is 4.7' west, matching his
description. Herbert Howe was the
first to equate the two numbers when he observed the field in 1897-98 and found
only a single galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7255 = MCG
-03-57-006 = PGC 68721
22 23 08.0 -15
32 29
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 130d
17.5"
(7/27/95): very faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 1.0'x0.4', even
surface brightness. Incorrectly
listed as nonexistent in RNGC.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7255 = LM I-249 on 1 Oct 1886 and recorded "mag
16.0, 2.5'x0.5', vE 30¡, sbMN."
His rough position (nearest minute of RA) is 1.2 minutes west of MCG
-03-57-006 = PGC 68721. His size
estimate is too large and the position angle is in the wrong quadrant, but
Corwin verified this identification using Leavenworth's sketch. Bigourdan could not locate this object.
The RNGC
classifies NGC 7255 as nonexistent and the galaxy was not plotted on the first
edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 atlas.
******************************
NGC 7256 = NGC
7254 = ESO 602-013 = MCG -04-52-042 = PGC 68686
22 22 36.2 -21
44 14
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 122d
17.5"
(7/1/89): faint, fairly small, elongated WNW-ESE. A mag 15 star is involved at the NE end. Located 16' SE of mag 41 Aquarii
(5.6/6.7 pair at 5").
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7256 = m 472 on 27 Sep 1864 and noted " 3 stars involved in
F nebulosity." There is
nothing at his position by 10' north
is ESO 602-013 = PGC 68686.
His description is a there are only two stars involved, though a third
"star" is probably the nucleus.
Frank Muller found the galaxy again in 1886 at the Leander McCormick
observatory and reported it as new in list II-467 (later NGC 7254).
In 1898 Herbert
Howe reported "These are identical.
The place of NGC 7254 is wrong in right ascension, and the place of 7256
is 10' wrong in declination. I
could find only one nebular object in this vicinity. Two of the three stars involved, and mentioned by Marth were
seen; the third was suspected. The
northernmost one was brightest and was of mag 14."
******************************
NGC 7257 = NGC
7260 = MCG -01-57-003 = PGC 68691
22 22 36.4 -04
07 15
See observing
notes for NGC 7260.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7257 = m 473, along with NGC 7266, on 1 Oct 1864 and noted
"F, vS, lE." There is
nothing at his position but 24 seconds of RA east and 5.5' south is NGC
7260. The same offset identifies
NGC 7266 with PGC 68758. Stephan
independently found this galaxy later on 22 Sep 1876 and placed it
accurately. So, NGC 7257 = NGC
7260, with discovery priority to Marth.
Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 1 Sep 1886 and reported it as new
in list IV-83, but he retracted the discovery claim in an addendum to list VI.
******************************
NGC 7258 = ESO
467-049 = MCG -05-52-068 = PGC 68710
22 22 58.1 -28
20 43
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 141d
17.5"
(8/27/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, weak concentration.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7258 = h3935 on 30 Jul 1834 and recorded "vF; S; R or E, as
if it had a feeble neb south preceding; glbM; 15"." His position is good.
******************************
NGC 7259 = ESO
467-050 = MCG -05-52-069 = AM 2220-291 = PGC 68718
22 23 05.5 -28
57 17
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 49d
18"
(10/25/08): faint, fairly small, round, diffuse, 40"x30", diffuse
with only a weak concentration.
ESO 467-051, an ultra-thin edge-on companion 3' SE, was not seen.
17.5"
(10/30/99): very faint, moderately large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, ~1.2'x0.9', weak
concentration. The nearby edge-on
ESO 467-051 was not seen.
17.5"
(8/27/92): faint, fairly small, round, 50" diameter, low even surface
brightness. Collinear with two mag
12 stars 3.3' NE and 6.4' NE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7259 = h3936 on 28 Sep 1834 and recorded "eF; pL; R; vglbM;
40"." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7260 = NGC
7257 = MCG -01-57-003 = PGC 68691
22 22 36.4 -04
07 15
V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 155d
17.5"
(10/5/91): fairly faint, fairly small round halo although it noticeably
increases in size with averted vision.
Weak broad concentration, edges fade into background.
ƒdouard Stephan
found NGC 7260 = St VIII-13 on 22 Sep 1876 and measured an accurate
position. Albert Marth discovered
this galaxy on 1 Oct 1864, but his position for m 473 = NGC 7257 was poor (see
that number) and Dreyer included both positions in the NGC. But NGC 7260 = NGC 7257.
Lewis Swift also
found this galaxy on 1 Sep 1886 and reported the discovery in his 4th list
(#83).. His description "vF;
pL; R; 4 stars near sf point to it" clinches this identification. He later noted the equivalence with GC
6040 (later NGC 7260) in the errata comments at the end of his 6th discovery
paper.
******************************
NGC 7261 = Cr
450 = Lund 1013 = OCL-237
22 20 12 +58 05
V = 8.4; Size 6'
18"
(8/17/04): at 225x, ~30 stars are resolved in an 7'x3.5' group, elongated
N-S. A couple of scattered groups
of stars are to the south, but are apparently detached. 7 stars on the south side form the
outline of a perfect rectangle with the eastern vertex the brightest star in
the cluster (mag 9.5 SAO 34332).
There are no stars within the interior of this rectangle. The richest group of stars is just
north of the rectangle.
17.5"
(10/5/91): about 30 stars in a 7'x3' region elongated N-S. Set over a background of some
unresolved haze on the north side of cluster. Includes six brighter stars with a mag 9 star on the SE
side. Fairly rich in faint stars
on the north side although not rich in other sections.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7261 = h2159 on 5 Oct 1829 and recorded "The chief star of
a coarse p rich cluster which fills the field. Stars 10...15m."
His position matches mag 9.6 HD 239927.
******************************
NGC 7262 = ESO
405-017 = PGC 68737
22 23 28.5 -32
21 52
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5"
(7/20/96): very faint, small, roundish, 35" diameter, low even surface
brightness. Forms a near
equilateral triangle with two mag 13 stars ~4' NE and 4' SE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7262 = h3937 on 27 Sep 1834 and recorded "eF; S; R;
lbM." His position is fairly
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7263 = MCG
+06-49-004 = CGCG 514-012 = PGC 68642
22 21 45.2 +36
21 00
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 60d
24"
(9/14/12): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, slightly brighter
core, 0.4'x0.3'. A mag 14.4 star
is attached at the northeast end.
Located 6' WSW of NGC 7264 and 12' NW of NGC 7265.
17.5"
(8/12/88): faint, very small, round.
A mag 15 star is at the NE end.
In a group with NGC 7264 6.1' ENE and NGC 7265 12.0' SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7263 = m 474 on 9 Sep 1863 and noted "F, S, R." His position is accurate. Marth discovered NGC 7264 just a week
later, so he must have revisited the field.
******************************
NGC 7264 = UGC
12001 = MCG +06-49-005 = CGCG 514-014 = PGC 68658
22 22 13.8 +36
23 13
V = 13.8; Size 2.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 57d
24"
(9/14/12): fairly faint but excellent thin edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, ~1.2'x0.2',
slightly brighter core, very thin extensions. Two mag 11.6/13.3 stars parallel the galaxy off the north
side. NGC 7263 is 6.1' WSW and NGC
7265 (brightest in a small quartet) is 11' SSE.
17.5"
(8/12/88): faint, fairly small, very elongated SW-NE. A wide double star mag 12/13 at 34" separation is less
than 1' N. Pair with NGC 7263 6.1'
WSW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7264 = m 475 on 17 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, pS,
mE." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7265 = UGC
12004 = MCG +06-49-006 = CGCG 514-015 = PGC 68668
22 22 27.5 +36
12 35
V = 12.2; Size 2.4'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 170d
24"
(9/14/12): at 325x, fairly bright, moderately large, slightly elongated N-S,
1.2'x1.0', well concentrated with a small bright core. A mag 12 star lies 1.4' SSE, a mag 12.5
star 1.5' SE (12" pair), a mag 12 star is 2.4' ESE and a mag 10 star is 3'
ESE. Brightest in a small quartet
with UGC 12007 2.8' ESE (attached to the mag 10 star), PGC 214824 2.5' NW and
PGC 214825 3.0' NE. NGC 7273, 7274
and 7276 are roughly 20' ESE and NGC 7263 and 7264 are ~12' NNW.
UGC 12007 is
faint to fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, roughly 45"
diameter. View hampered by a mag
10 star superimposed just NE of center.
In addition a mag 12 star is just off the NW side, though the halo has a
very low surface brightness and fades into the glare from the stars. Contains a very small weakly brighter
core just SW of the mag 10 star.
PGC 214824 is
faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 15"x10". A mag 14 star is attached at the north edge and the faint
glow extends just south. PGC
214825 is faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, 0.3'x0.2'. Visible continuously at 325x.
17.5"
(10/13/01): moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated. Contains a bright, 30" core
embedded in a fainter halo extended NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.8'. The core increases to a faint, stellar
nucleus. Brightest in a group and
forms a pair with UGC 12007 2.8' ESE.
Located 1.3' NNW of a mag 11.5 star.
17.5"
(8/12/88): moderately bright, fairly small, round, bright core, stellar
nucleus. A mag 11.5 star is 1.3'
SSE. Brightest in a group
including NGC 7263, NGC 7264, NGC 7273, NGC 7274 and 7276.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7265 = St VIII-14 on 20 Sep 1876. His micrometric position is a perfect match with UGC 12004.
******************************
NGC 7266 = MCG
-01-57-006 = Mrk 910 = PGC 68758
22 23 58.9 -04
04 24
V = 13.4; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 85d
17.5"
(8/7/91): fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration, faint stellar
nucleus. Located 5.4' SW of mag
9.5 SAO 146069.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7266 = m 476 on 1 Oct 1864, along with NGC 7257 = NGC 7260, and
noted "F, vS, R, alm stellar."
There is nothing at his position but 25 seconds of RA east and 5.7'
south. Harold Corwin notes that
despite the poor positional match, the same offset helps to identify NGC 7257,
found the same night. Bigourdan
measured an accurate position on 5 Nov 1887 and the correction was given in the
IC 2 Notes.
******************************
NGC 7267 = ESO
405-018 = MCG -06-49-003 = PGC 68780
22 24 21.8 -33
41 39
V = 12.2; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 6d
17.5"
(10/5/91): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, prominent
bright core. Located 3.6' NE of
Mag 8.4 SAO 213789 (very wide triple).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7267 = h3938 on 23 Sep 1834 and recorded "pB; R; pgbM;
40"; a large triple * sp."
******************************
NGC 7268 = ESO
467-IG 057 = MCG -05-053-001/002 = AM 2222-312 = PGC 68839 = PGC 68847/68848
22 25 41.4 -31
12 02
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 66d
17.5"
(10/5/91): very faint, very small, round.
A wide double star mag 14/15 is 1' NE. Slightly brighter of pair with NGC 7277 7.2' ENE. This is an unresolved double system.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7268 = h3939 on 28 Sep 1834 and recorded "vF, S,
R." He added the comment
"The preceding of 2 [with NGC 7277]." At his position (mean of two observations) is the double
galaxy ESO 467-057. His GC
position, though, (used in the NGC) is 1.0 minute of RA too far west.
The RNGC clearly
misidentifies NGC 7268 (the position is 3' south of ESO 467-IG55). NGC 7268 is plotted too far south on
the first version of Uranometria 2000 Atlas. Listed in my RNGC Corrections #5 and Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7269 = MCG
-02-57-005 = PGC 68841
22 25 46.6 -13
09 59
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, small, almost round, even surface brightness.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7269 = LM I-250 in 1886 and recorded "eF, pS,
R, glbM." His rough position
(nearest min of RA) is 0.9 minutes too far west and 4' south of MCG -02-57-005
= PGC 68841. Herbert Howe measured
an accurate position in 1897-98 with the 20" refractor at Denver.
******************************
NGC 7270 = UGC
12019 = MCG +05-52-015 = CGCG 494-021 = PGC 68748
22 23 47.5 +32
24 11
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 90d
17.5"
(9/2/89): fairly faint, small, oval E-W, small bright core, stellar
nucleus. Collinear with a mag 11.5
star 1.0' WNW and mag 12.5 star 2.4' WNW.
In a group with NGC 7271 3.0' SE and NGC 7275 6.8' ENE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7270 = m 477, along with NGC 7271 and 7275, on 9 Sep 1863 and
noted "vF, S, E." His
declination is off by 2' too far north (same offset as NGC 7275).
******************************
NGC 7271 = MCG
+05-52-016 = CGCG 494-022 = PGC 68753
22 23 57.6 +32
22 01
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6
17.5"
(9/2/89): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 14 star is 0.9' W. Located 4' SE of NGC 7270 in a group. NGC 7275 is 6.4' NE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7271 = m 478, along with NGC 7270 and 7275, on 9 Sep 1863 and
noted "vF, S, vlE." His
positions are all off by 1' - 2' too far north.
******************************
NGC 7272 = UGC
12028 = MCG +03-57-003 = CGCG 452-008 = PGC 68786
22 24 31.7 +16
35 17
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 39d
24"
(8/14/15): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 or 5:4
SW-NE, 30"x24", small bright core. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.3' WSW, a mag 13.6 star is the same
distance NE and a mag 15.5 star is 40" NW. Brightest in a small triplet with PGC 1511999 just 52"
SSW of center and PGC 214829 1.9' NE.
PGC 1511999 (V =
15.4) appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, 15"x12". A mag 12.5 star (mentioned above) lies
1.1' NW and a double star (~10" separation) is 1.6' SE. PGC 214829 (V = 15.6) is very faint to
faint, very small, ~12"x8" E-W. A mag 13.5 star lies 50" WSW.
17.5"
(8/20/88): very faint, small, round, even surface brightness. Located between two mag 13 stars and a
mag 15 star is 30" NW.
Neither of the faint companions were noticed.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7272 = m 479 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, S, irr
R." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7273 = MCG
+06-49-012 = CGCG 514-024 = PGC 68768
22 24 09.2 +36
12 00
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 6d
17.5"
(8/12/88): faint, small, slightly elongated, small bright core. This is the northern galaxy of three on
a line with NGC 7274 4.5' S and NGC 7276 6.8' SSE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7273 = St VIII-15, along with NGC 7274 and 7276, on 20 Sep
1876. His micrometric position is
very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7274 = UGC
12026 = MCG +06-49-013 = CGCG 514-026 = PGC 68770
22 24 11.1 +36
07 33
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5"
(8/12/88): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core, stellar
nucleus. Largest and brightest of
three with NGC 7273 4.5' N and NGC 7276 2.4' SSE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7274 = St VIII-16, along with NGC 7273 and 7276, on 20 Sep
1876. His micrometric position is
very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7275 = UGC
12025 = MCG +05-52-019 = CGCG 494-025 = PGC 68774
22 24 17.2 +32
26 47
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 37d
17.5"
(9/2/89): extremely faint, small, edge-on 4:1 SW-NE, very small brighter
core. A pretty mag 13/13 double
star is 2' W. Located 6.8' ENE of
NGC 7270 in a group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7275 = m 48, along with NGC 7270 and 7271, on 9 Sep 1863 and
noted "eF, S, mE." His
declination is off by nearly 2' too far north (same offset as NGC 7270).
******************************
NGC 7276 = MCG
+06-49-014 = CGCG 514-025 = PGC 68773
22 24 14.4 +36
05 15
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8
17.5" (8/12/88):
faint, very small, round, faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is 26" SE of center. This galaxy is the farthest south of
three on a line with NGC 7274 2.4' N and NGC 7273 6.8' NNW.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7276 = St VIII-17, along with NGC 7273 and 7274, on 20 Sep
1876. His micrometric position is
very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7277 = ESO
467-059 = MCG -05-53-004 = PGC 68861
22 26 10.9 -31
08 43
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 125d
17.5"
(10/5/91): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE. Pair with NGC 7268 7.2' WSW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7277 = h3940 on 27 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; pL; lE;
glbM." He later noted
"[The following of 2]", when NGC 7268 was seen the following night.
******************************
NGC 7278 = ESO
146-027 = PGC 68940
22 28 22.4 -60
10 11
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 23d
25"
(10/10/15 - OzSky): at 318x; faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, no
internal details. A mag 12 star is
1.1' SE and another is 4.7' ENE.
Located 8.2' SSW of mag 7 HD 212878 and the view was improved when I
moved this star outside the field.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7278 = h3941 on 11 Aug 1836 and recorded "eeF; lE; vgvlbM;
very difficult, but a certain observation. It is n p the first of 3 stars
10-11m." His position and
description matches this faint galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7279 = ESO
405-021 = MCG -06-49-005 = PGC 68896
22 27 12.6 -35
08 25
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 68d
17.5"
(7/20/96): extremely faint, round, 20". Appears to have a nearly stellar nucleus. A faint double lies 4.5' NW (GSC 14.2/14.9
at 23").
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7279 = h3942 on 23 Sep 1834 and recorded "vF; S; R; gbM;
15"." On a later sweep
he noted "vF; pL; R; vgvlbM; 30"." His mean position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7280 = UGC
12035 = MCG +03-57-005 = CGCG 452-011 = PGC 68870
22 26 27.6 +16
08 53
V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 78d
17.5"
(8/20/88): moderately bright, small bright core, faint halo, stellar nucleus,
slightly elongated WSW-ENE. Pair
with MCG +03-57-006 4.9' NE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7280 = H II-248 = h2160 on 15 Oct 1784 (sweep 290) and recorded
"F, pS, makes a small quartile with 3 small stars. The north and preceding whereof is
double." He made a second
observation the next night (sweep 294) and logged "vF, S. The south and preceding corner of a
small quartile of very small stars. (See 290 sweep)." JH made two
observations and measured an accurate RA.
******************************
NGC 7281 = Lund
1015 = OCL-238
22 25 12 +57 49
Size 12'
17.5"
(8/10/91): about 20 stars in a 4' diameter. A string of three mag 9-9.5 stars is on the north side
aligned E-W (separation 1' between pairs) and a pair of mag 12 stars just east
aligned N-S (separation 0.9').
Includes two very faint double stars. Neither rich nor distinctive. Located in a rich field so extent difficult to determine and
outliers greatly increases diameter and total number of stars. The classification of this group as a
true cluster is doubtful.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7281 = h2161 on 5 Oct 1829 and recorded "Large, coarse, not
extremely poor, the stars scattered and 10...16m." His position is on a 10th magnitude
star at the west end of the group.
Sky Catalogue 2000.0 calls it a possible asterism. Although this field is not distinctive
visually, JH's position and description fits.
******************************
NGC 7282 = UGC
12034 = MCG +07-46-007 = CGCG 531-006 = PGC 68843
22 25 53.8 +40
18 53
V = 13.7; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.6; PA = 0d
17.5"
(8/8/91): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, low even surface
brightness. A mag 15 star is at
the NE edge [39" from center].
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7282 = St IX-29 on 2 Oct 1878. His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7283 = MCG
+03-57-012 = CGCG 452-017 = PGC 68946
22 28 32.7 +17
28 13
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 9d
17.5"
(8/20/88): extremely faint, very small, round, weak concentration. Located 2.7' E of a mag 10 star and 19'
NNE of NGC 7290. This galaxy is
1.0 min of RA preceding and 2' S of Marth's position, so the identification is
very uncertain.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7283 = m 481 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, vS, R." There is nothing at his position but 1
minute of RA east and 2' north is CGCG 452-017 = PGC 68946. This is a large random error unless it
was caused by a digit error in RA, so this identification is very
uncertain. Harold Corwin notes
that Marth's object could also be a faint double star about 2' preceding his
position. PGC 68946 is not labeled
NGC 7283 in the CGCG or MCG, but is used in the RNGC and PGC.
******************************
NGC 7284 = Arp
93 NED1 = VV 74b = ESO 533-IG 031 = MCG -04-53-004 = LGG 457-002 = PGC 68950
22 28 35.9 -24
50 39
V = 12.1; Size 2.1'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 133d
24"
(8/23/14): at 375x, the western component of the double system VV 74 = Arp 93
appeared bright, small, round, high surface brightness, ~0.4' diameter. The core of NGC 7285 is cleanly
resolved [33" between center], though very close northeast. The twin nuclei are encased in a very
low surface brightness halo.
17.5"
(10/13/90): fairly faint, very small, very compact, almost round, high surface
brightness, very small very bright core, stellar nucleus. Forms a contact pair with NGC 7285 at
the ENE edge with a separation of 30" between centers.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7284 = H II-469 = h3943 on 26 Oct 1785 (sweep 465) and recorded
"F, er [easily resolvable] or some of the stars visible; pS, lE."
Perhaps one the "stars" was the second nucleus (NGC 7285). From the Cape of Good Hope, JH logged
(sweep 474) "F; E; bM; r; binuclear pos 62.3¡. Rather an equivocal object, whether nebulous or a group, but
I incline to regard it as a nebula."
On a later sweep (14 Sep 1835), he wrote "pB; irr R; 25";
involves a double star (13m + 14m)." So, he clearly resolved the two
nuclei.
Herbert Howe
reported NGC 7284 and 7285 as follows: "The description of 7284 in the NGC
is "cF, cS, lE, r, D * inv." The description of 7285, discovered by
Lassell [Marth], is "Nebs. * 1' dist from 7284." I judge 7285 to be simply one of the
components of 7284. Both seem to
be nebulous stars. The brighter one is of mag 12.5 The other is of mag 13, and lies at P.A. 60¡, distant about
40". Neither of the stars
appeared to be double. I could not
see any nebulosity uniting them, but the sky was rather dull."
******************************
NGC 7285 = Arp
93 NED2 = VV 74a = ESO 533-IG 032 = MCG -04-53-005 = LGG 457-003 = PGC 68953
22 28 38.0 -24
50 27
V = 11.9; Size 2.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 65d
24"
(8/23/14): at 375x, the eastern component of the double system VV 74 = Arp 93
appeared fairly bright, small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 30"x20", high
surface brightness. Forms a very
close pair with slightly brighter NGC 7284 [just 33" between centers]. The twin nuclei are encased in a very
low surface brightness halo
17.5"
(10/13/90): this is the NE member of a double system with NGC 7284. Fairly faint, very small, slightly
elongated, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Slightly fainter than NGC 7284 just 30" WSW of center.
Situated very close to the Aquarius-Pisces Austrinus border.
William Lassell
discovered NGC 7285 in Oct 1862 using his 48-inch at Malta. For some reason it wasn't included in
Marth's catalogue, although NGC 7489 and NGC 2620, also found by Lassell, were
included. Lassell mentioned the
discovery in a letter to JH on 1 Nov 1862 and Dreyer included it in the GC
Supplement (GCS 5078). Although
both WH and JH reported a double nuclei or two stars involved, neither
catalogued it as two numbers.
******************************
NGC 7286 = UGC
12043 = MCG +05-53-002 = CGCG 495-002 = PGC 68922
22 27 50.5 +29
05 45
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 98d
17.5"
(9/2/89): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated WNW-ESE, weak
concentration.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7286 = h2162 on 15 Sep 1828 and recorded "vF; R;
12"...15"; among stars."
His position is exactly 30 seconds of time too small (digit error). Bigourdan measured an accurate position
on 1Aug 1884.
******************************
NGC 7287
22 27 17.0 -22
07 00
18" (8/31/11):
this close pair of stars (seems to be a trio of stars on the DSS) was barely
resolved at 220x and initially could have easily passed for a small, nebulous
object, elongated NW-SE. The
separation is just a few arc seconds.
Located 21' WSW of 7.4-magnitude HD 213005.
The NGC position
happens to fall closer to ESO 602-020 = PGC 68960 (double system), which is
identified as NGC 7287 in NED, although this galaxy is less likely to be the
NGC object. ESO 602-020 appeared
very faint, small, slightly elongated, bright core.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7287 = LM II-468 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory. He described it as "mag 15.0, 0.1' dia, E
330¡ [NNW-SSE]" with a note "slightly nebulous **." There are several faint galaxies near
his position, but since the Leander McCormick are often 1 or 2 minutes off in
time, Corwin suggests NGC 7287 may be a triple star at 22 27 17 -22 07 00
(2000). This pair is roughly 1 min
15 sec west of Muller's position and the orientation of the stars is northwest-southeast
As far as nearby
galaxies, just 16 seconds east and 4' south is ESO 602-020A. Sherburne Burnham (Publ of Lick
Observatory, II) found this galaxy and described it as two very faint objects
about 20" apart (the following one appeared to a faint star). Corwin feels this candidate is less
likely because of the relatively large difference in declination and the wrong
position angle. The RNGC misidentifies ESO 533-030 as NGC 7287.
******************************
NGC 7288 = Mrk
912 = MCG -01-57-013 = PGC 68933
22 28 15.0 -02
53 04
V = 13.0; Size 2.3'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 92d
17.5"
(8/7/91): fairly faint, small, well-defined small bright core, bright stellar
nucleus, faint halo slightly elongated E-W.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7288 = m 482 = Sf 84 on 1 Oct 1864 and noted "vF, eS,
stellar." His position is an exact match with MCG -01-57-013 = PGC
68933. Truman Safford rediscovered
this galaxy on 19 Sep 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn
Observatory.
******************************
NGC 7289 = ESO
405-023 = MCG -06-49-006 = PGC 68980
22 29 20.0 -35
28 15
V = 13.2; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 165d
17.5"
(7/20/96): faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, brighter core. Halo grows to 1.0' with averted vision. Brightest in a group with an anonymous
galaxy 5.2' SSE and 2.3' SW (star + galaxy?).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7289 = h3944 on 25 Sep 1834 and recorded "vF; R: glbM;
20"." His position is
just off the northwest side of ESO 405-023.
******************************
NGC 7290 = UGC
12045 = MCG +03-57-009 = PGC 68942
22 28 26.4 +17
08 51
V = 13.3; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 161d
17.5"
(8/20/88): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated NNW-SSE, even surface
brightness. Located 7.7' SSE of
·2908 = 7.7/9.4 at 9", a nice yellow-blue pair.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7290 = m 483 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "pB, S,
pmE." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7291 = UGC
12047 = MCG +03-57-008 = CGCG 452-015 = PGC 68944
22 28 29.5 +16
46 59
V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.2
17.5"
(8/20/88): faint, small, almost round, small bright core. A mag 13 star is 0.9' ENE of
center. Located 22'S of NGC 7290.
Truman Safford
discovered NGC 7291 = Sf 56 = St VIII-18 on 1 Oct 1866 and recorded "pF,
pS, neb MN." His position is
accurate. ƒdouard Stephan
independently discovered the galaxy on 21 Sep 1876 and measured an accurate
micrometric position. Stephan was
credited with the discovery in the GC Supplement and NGC due to the late
publication of Safford's list.
******************************
NGC 7292 = UGC
12048 = MCG +05-53-003 = CGCG 495-003 = Kaz 290 = PGC 68941
22 28 25.8 +30
17 33
V = 12.5; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.8
48"
(10/29/16): at 813x; bright, fairly large, very irregular appearance. A faint star is superimposed just south
of a very small brighter nucleus or knot.
A bright "bar" extends through the nucleus WNW-ESE, (length
~50"), ending at a fairly bright knot at its WNW end. The knot ((HII complex/OB assocation?)
appears ~10"x7" SW-NE. A
low surface brightness halo on the north and south side of the bar is roughly
oval 3:2 and increases the overall size to ~1.5'x1.0'. Situated in a fairly busy star field.
17.5"
(9/2/89): fairly faint, moderately large, oval WNW-ESE, broad
concentration. A group of mag
13.5-14 stars are off the NW end including a two mag 13.5 stars 1.2' NW and
1.8' NW.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7292 = St IV-12 on 6 Sep 1872. His micrometric position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7293 = PK
36-57.1 = Helical or Helix Nebula = PN G036.1-57.1
22 29 38.4 -20
50 13
V = 7.6; Size 970"x735"
18"
(11/13/07): superb view at 115x and OIII filter, slightly elongated WNW-ESE,
~14'x12' including a faint extension or filament on the west side. The bright rim is relatively thick and
brightest along the north to NE side within the interior of the annulus (not at
the very edge). A star is embedded
at the west edge of this large, enhanced arc (due east of the mag 10.5 star
just off the NW edge). The
opposite SW rim is also enhanced in brightness and thicker. The rim is weakest and thinnest at the
WNW end, but with averted vision this end bulges out due to a faint extension
or large filament (second ring) that begins just south of the western side of
the rim and extends north towards the mag 10.5 at the NW edge of the halo.
17.5"
(10/2/99): gorgeous view at 100x and OIII filter. This huge, annular PN is 15'x12' in size and slightly
elongated E-W due to an extension on the west side. The thick annulus is mottled and irregular with brighter
regions along the N, NE and SW edge.
The west side is slightly weaker but very faint extensions from the
north and south side towards the west, cause the rim to bulge on this side
(part of a second ring). The west
edge of the halo more gradually blends into the background near a mag 11 star
off the west side. At 220x without
a filter about a dozen stars are superimposed. The mag 13.5 central star is easy along with a similar star
a couple of arc minutes following.
13.1"
(8/15/82): the "Helix" nebula is extremely large, about 15' diameter,
clearly annular. Significant
contrast gain with OIII filter permits observation even from the Bay Area. The
fairly bright rim is non-uniform appearing brighter along the north side. About seven stars are superimposed
including the mag 13.5 central star.
Appears best at low power due to size and relative low surface
brightness. Easy in the 80mm
finder.
8"
(10/4/80): huge annular planetary is fairly bright at low power using a Daystar
300 filter. The rim has an
irregular surface brightness.
15x50 IS
binoculars (8/27/11): easily visible in binoculars using a pair of narrowband
filters.
Karl Ludwig
Harding discovered NGC 7293 = Au 48 in 1823-24 at Gottingen University
Observatory, probably using an 8.5-inch reflector built by William
Herschel. According to Wolfgang
Steinicke, Harding published a list of 8 new nebulae in Astronomisches
Jahrbuch, although the Helix Nebula is the only object he actually discovered,
the others being reobservations.
Harding's list was not checked until 1857 by Winnecke, so the Helix was
not generally known. Ernesto
Capocci independently discovered this huge planetary in late 1824 at
Capodimonte Observatory in Naples, but his position was over a degree too far
west and the object wasn't found or generally known by others. In 1856, Christian Peters reported
another discovery while he was at Capodimonte Observatory around 1850 (AJ 2,
p16). As late as 1884 Jermaine
Porter also reported a discovery, although at that point it was already in the
GC. Both Herschels missed finding
this planetary, probably due to its large size.
Based on a
September 1912 photograph (4 hour explosure) taken with the Crossley reflector
at Lick, Heber Curtis wrote "I would suggest that this interesting object
be referred to as "The Helical Nebula in Aquarius" [to distinguish it
from the the Helical Nebula in Draco, NGC 6543].
******************************
NGC 7294 = IC
5225 = ESO 533-044 = MCG -04-53-009 = AM 2229-253 = PGC 69088
22 32 08.1 -25
23 52
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 47d
24"
(7/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated ~3:2 SW-NE,
~60"x40", contains a brighter core that gradually increases to a
small brighter nucleus. The core
itself sometimes appears noticeably elongated SW-NE. IC 5226 lies 16.6' SSE.
17.5"
(10/13/90): faint, small, round, bright core.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7294 = LM I-251 in 1886 and recorded "vF, vS,
R." His rough position
(nearest min of RA) is 2 minutes west of ESO 533-044. As his declination is fairly close match, this
identification is reasonable, despite his not very helpful description. Lewis Swift independently discovered
the galaxy again on 6 Oct 1897 at age 77 and included it in list XII-38 (later
IC 5225) with description, "eeF; pS; R; betw 2 stars; a dozen stars in
margin of field following, form semicircle, 4 st np a curve, one D, sp of 2
[should be np of 2, with IC 5226].
His position is 36 seconds of RA too far west and 2' too far north, but
his detailed description matches (specifically "4 st np a curve, one
D[ouble]", so NGC 7294 = IC 5225.
Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 7294 in 1898-99 that
was given in the IC 2 Notes.
******************************
NGC 7295
22 27 54 +52 49
17.5"
(10/21/95): this asterism consists of ~10 stars including a mag 10 star at the
east end and eight mag 12-13 star in an E-W string about 3' length. Located 6' SW of mag 7.6 SAO 34488. In addition, there are also several mag
15 stars surrounding the mag 10 star that are easier to view with averted
vision. Appears to be an
unimpressive random grouping at both 100x and 220x. Open cluster NGC 7296 is in the same low power field 30' S.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7295 = h2163 on 8 Nov 1831 and recorded "A Milky Way
straggler, a poorish cluster of stars 12...13m." His position corresponds with a mag 9 star accompanied by a
small clump of stars close southwest.
Karl Reinmuth called this a "a few st 11...13 in a dense
region." RNGC classifies the
number as nonexistent ("No cluster"). But Harold Corwin suggests that if his declination is 30'
too far north, then NGC 7295 is a duplicate of NGC 7296. As evidence, JH listed H VII-41 as a
synonym (with a question mark), so he was uncertain. The object described in my notes is the asterism at his
position.
******************************
NGC 7296 = Cr
451 = Lund 1016 = OCL-228
22 28 02 +52 17
18
Size 4'
17.5"
(10/5/91): compact group of roughly 30 stars in a 3'x2' area elongated
N-S. A mag 9 star is at the NW
edge. Most stars are arranged in a
curved arc roughly N-S. A string
of four perfectly collinear stars trail from this arc to the NE. Not particularly distinctive as located
in a rich star field. Contains
about ten faint stars mag 14-14.5.
Located 40' E of Beta Lacertae (V = 4.4).
8"
(11/8/80): 15 stars extended N-S between two mag 8 and 9 stars. Appears faint and small with an
unresolved background haze.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7296 = H VII-41 on 14 Oct 1787 (sweep 765) and noted "a
small cluster of stars, not very rich; like a forming one." His RA was 40 seconds too large.
******************************
NGC 7297 = ESO
345-018 = MCG -06-49-007 = PGC 69046
22 31 10.3 -37
49 35
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 130d
17.5"
(7/20/96): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~40"
diameter. Located 2.7' WSW of a
mag 13 star. Pair with NGC 7299
4.6' ENE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7297 = h3945, along with NGC 7299, on 1 Sep 1834 and recorded
"eF; S; R. The preceding of 2
[with NGC 7299]." His
position is less than 1' southwest of ESO 405-023 = PGC 68980.
******************************
NGC 7298 = MCG
-02-57-010 = Mrk 1124 = LGG 458-002 = PGC 69033
22 30 50.6 -14
11 18
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 5d
17.5"
(9/15/90): extremely faint, fairly small, very low even surface brightness,
diffuse. Forms a pair with NGC
7300 11.3' NNE. Located 22' NNE of
56 Aquarii (V = 6.4).
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7298 = m 484 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, pL,
iR." His position is fairly
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7299 = ESO
345-019 = MCG -06-49-008 = AM 2228-380 = PGC 69060
22 31 33.1 -37
48 34
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(7/20/96): threshold object only glimpsed with concentration for moments,
~30" diameter. No details
seen. Located 1.9' E of a mag 13
star and 4.6' ENE of slightly brighter NGC 7297.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7299 = h3946, along with NGC 7297, on 1 Sep 1834 and recorded
"eF; S; R. The following of 2
[with NGC 7297]." His
position is fairly good.
******************************
NGC 7300 = MCG
-02-57-011 = LGG 458-003 = IC 5204: = PGC 69040
22 30 59.9 -14
00 13
V = 12.8; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160d
13.1"
(9/3/83): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, low surface
brightness. Forms a pair with NGC
7298 11.3' SSW. NGC 7302 lies 24'
ESE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7300 = h2164 on 26 Jul 1830 and recorded "F; pL; a strong
suspicion; almost sure." The
next night he logged "vF; R; vglbM; 20"; twilight
commencing." His position is
just off the south side of MCG -02-57-011 = PGC 69040. This galaxy was found at Birr Castle on
4 Nov 1850 and described as "a vF neb, 80" long, 10" broad,
light seems equable." With a
rough position JH catalogued it as GC 4799, but Dreyer realized the equivalence with h2164 so
it was not catalogued twice in the NGC.
Harold Corwin
suggests that Lewis Swift's IC 5204, found on 8 Aug 1896 and included in list
XI-212, is probably a duplicate of NGC 7300, despite a very poor position. Swift described this object as
"vF; eE; a ray; p of 2 [with IC 5228 = NGC 7302]. See Corwin's identification notes.
******************************
NGC 7301 = ESO
602-023 = VV 372 = MCG -03-57-015 = PGC 69021
22 30 34.7 -17
34 26
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 1d
17.5"
(10/13/90): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, weak concentration.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7301 = LM I-252 in 1886 at the Leander McCormick
Observatory and recorded "vF; pS; lE 0¡; lbM." His rough position (nearest min of RA)
is 1.3 min of RA too large, but his position angle (N-S) clinches this
identification. Bigourdan was unable to find this galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7302 = MCG
-02-57-013 = IC 5228 = PGC 69094
22 32 23.8 -14
07 14
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 97d
13.1"
(9/3/83): faint, very small, slightly elongated E-W, small bright core. Located 3' N of mag 9 SAO 165152.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7302 = H IV-31 = h2165 on 3 Oct 1785 (sweep 450) and recorded
"F, S, stellar, 3 or 4' north of a pB star. The chevelure pretty large." JH made 4 observations, reporting on 26 Jul 1830, "F;
pL; R; vsbM to a S, F, R nucleus; diam = 2'; has a * sf in pos 352.5¡ by
micrometer; dist 3'." Lewis
Swift found this galaxy again on 8 Aug 1896 and reported it as new in list
XI-215. His description reads
"pB, pS, R; B * nr s; f of 2 [with IC 5204 = NGC 7300]." and is
position is just 2' west of NGC 7302, so the equivalence NGC 7302 = IC 5228 is
certain.
******************************
NGC 7303 = UGC
12065 = MCG +05-53-004 = CGCG 495-005 = PGC 69061
22 31 32.8 +30
57 22
V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 125d
17.5"
(9/2/89): fairly faint, moderately large, diffuse, almost even surface
brightness, slightly elongated NW-SE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7303 = h2166 on 15 Sep 1828 and recorded "vF; R; vlbM;
20"." His RA was 12
seconds too small. The next night
he measured a fairly accurate position.
Harold Corwin notes that NGC 7304, discovered by d'Arrest, is not a
duplicate of NGC 7303, despite being equated in the UGC and other sources.
******************************
NGC 7304
22 31 30 +30 58
=Not found,
Corwin and RNGC. =NGC 7303, UGC.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7304 on 20 Aug 1862 while observing NGC 7303. He claimed it was 137" away and
his offset (+2 seconds in RA and +1.2' in dec, implies it lies northeast. But there is nothing at this
position. On a later observation
(5 Oct 1864) of NGC 7303, he searched carefully but could not find the object
again. Dreyer also searched
unsuccessfully for NGC 7304 on 29 Sep 1875 at Birr Castle. A double star is 2' southwest of NGC
7303 (opposite direction). Perhaps
d'Arrest reversed the orientation and this pair is NGC 7304. In any case, NGC 7304 is not a
duplicate of NGC 7303.
******************************
NGC 7305 = MCG
+02-57-003 = CGCG 429-007 = PGC 69091
22 32 13.9 +11
42 44
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24"
(12/1/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, ~24" diameter,
small bright core, diffuse halo. A
mag 15.7 star is 40" N of center.
The blazar CTA
102, located 5.6' ENE, was near
the maximum of a historic outburst.
It appeared marginally brighter than a mag 12.9 star on the AAVSO chart,
so perhaps mag 12.7 or 12.8. This
is 4.5 magnitudes brighter than its normal quiescent state. At z = 1.037, the light-travel time is
~8 billion years. This is
certainly the most distant object in recorded times to be visible in a 6"
scope.
17.5"
(8/20/88): very faint, very small, round, small bright core. A mag 15 star is 30" N. Located between two stars mag 13.5 1.6'
NW and 2.1' E.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7305 = Sw IV-84 on 1 Sep 1886 and recorded "eF; S; R; in
center of 4 F stars in form of a rhombus." His position is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7306 = ESO
468-011 = VV 832 = AM 2230-273 = PGC 69132
22 33 16.5 -27
14 48
V = 12.7; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 60d
17.5"
(10/13/90): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 SW-NE, brighter core. A mag 12 star is 2.0' WNW. Pair with MCG -05-53-015 6' E.
John Herschel discovered
NGC 7306 = h3948 on 30 Jul 1834 and recorded "vF; S; lE; follows a star
11m in the parallel." His
position is accurate. Howe noted
in 1900 that "The * 11m p" appears to be of mag 10 and precedes 8
seconds, 0.7' north. The nebula
seems brighter near its preceding end."
******************************
NGC 7307 = ESO
345-026 = MCG -07-46-003 = PGC 69161
22 33 52.5 -40
55 58
V = 12.6; Size 3.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 9d
17.5"
(8/26/00): very faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~2.5'x0.8',
broad concentration, fades at tips.
A mag 13.5-14 star is close west of the SW tip. This galaxy was difficult to view due
to its very low elevation. Located
~40' SW of a wide mag 6 pair (Sigma-1 and 2 Gruis).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7307 = h3947 on 4 Oct 1836 and recorded "F; pL; pmE; about
pos of 75¡ with parallel; 2 1/2' long.
His RA is 6 seconds too small, and the description is a perfect match.
******************************
NGC 7308 = IC
1448 = MCG -02-57-017 = PGC 69194
22 34 32.1 -12
56 02
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 145d
24"
(9/29/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, 25"-30" diameter,
slightly elongated, reasonably high surface brightness. Gradually increases to a very small
brighter nucleus. Resides in a
barren star field.
NGC 7308 forms a
pair with MCG -02-57-018 4' ENE.
The companion is faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE,
25"x10", low even surface brightness. MCG -02-57-019 was also picked up 14' NE (again in star-poor
field). It was logged as very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE,
18"x12". A mag 13.5 star
is 1.7' WSW.
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, small, round, bright core.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7308 = LM I-253 in 1886 and reported "pB; vS; R,
no star in field." His very
rough position (nearest minute of RA) is 40 seconds west and 3' south of MCG
-02-57-017 = PGC 69194. Stephane
Javelle independently discovered this galaxy on 2 Nov 1891. His position in list 1-472 (later IC
1448) is accurate, so NGC 7308 = IC 1448.
Herbert Howe "recovered" NGC 7308 in 1899-1900 at the
University of Denver and measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7309 = MCG
-02-57-016 = PGC 69183
22 34 20.6 -10
21 25
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.7
24"
(8/14/15): moderately bright and large, irregular shape, slightly elongated,
~1.0'x0.8', contains a small bright core.
A fairly thin spiral arm juts out to the west on the north end. On the DSS, this spiral has a second
strong arm off the south end, extending east, though this arm was difficult to
distinguish.
13.1"
(9/3/83): faint, moderately large, very diffuse, slightly elongated ~E-W, even
surface brightness.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7309 = H II-476 = h2167 on 28 Nov 1785 (sweep 479) and recorded
"F, pL, iR, lbM." JH
made 5 observations, first reporting it on 9 Sep 1825 (sweep 9) as "F; R;
vgbM; r; 2'." R.J. Mitchell,
observing at Birr Castle on 2 Oct 1856, reported "has a * near center and
I suspect a * or knot in np edge [spiral arm at this end]."
Heber Curtis
described the photograhic appearance in 1913 based on Crossley plates at Lick
as "a small nebula about 1.5' in size, of very unusual form. Has faint stellar nucleus; ther are
three fainter nuclei from which spring short whorls; these are not arranged as
in an ordinary spiral, but overlap."
******************************
NGC 7310 = ESO
533-049 = MCG -04-53-015 = PGC 69202
22 34 36.9 -22
29 06
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 36d
17.5"
(7/1/89): very faint, fairly small, elongated SSW-NNE, very low even surface
brightness.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7310 = LM I-254 on 20 Jul 1885 and reported
"mag 15.0; pS; R; bMN."
His rough position (nearest min of RA is marked as uncertain) is 25
seconds east and 2' south of ESO 533-049 = PGC 69202. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99
(repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7311 = UGC
12080 = MCG +01-57-009 = CGCG 404-022 = PGC 69172
22 34 06.7 +05
34 12
V = 12.5; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 10d
17.5"
(11/1/86): moderately bright, small, very elongated ~N-S, small bright core,
sharp bright stellar nucleus. This striking galaxy forms a wide pair with NGC
7312 16.4' NNE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7311 = H II-428 = h2168 on 30 Aug 1785 (sweep 427) and recorded
"F, pS, R, lbM." On 25
Oct 1785 (sweep 464) he noted "pB, S, irr R, r." JH made two observations and his mean
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7312 = UGC
12083 = MCG +01-57-010 = CGCG 404-023 = PGC 69198
22 34 34.8 +05
49 02
V = 13.4; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 83d
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, fairly small, diffuse, very small brighter core,
slightly elongated ~E-W. Located
16.4' NNE of NGC 7311.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7312 = m 485 on 30 Oct 1863 and noted "F, S." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7313 = ESO
533-052 = PGC 69242
22 35 32.6 -26
06 06
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 170d
17.5"
(10/13/90): extremely faint, small, elongated ~N-S. Pair with NGC 7314 4.4' NE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7313 = m 486 on 24 Sep 1864 and noted "eF, E." His position is within 1' of ESO 533-052
= PGC 69242. Herbert Howe measured
an accurate position at Denver in 1898-99.
******************************
NGC 7314 = Arp
14 = ESO 533-053 = MCG -04-53-018 = AM 2233-261 = PGC 69253
22 35 45.9 -26
03 01
V = 11.0; Size 4.6'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 3d
17.5"
(10/13/90): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 3:1 N-S, 2.7'x0.9', broad
concentration. A mag 15 star is
just off the east side. A brighter
mag 12 star lies 2.0' W of center.
Forms a pair with NGC 7313 4.4' SW.
8"
(8/28/89): faint, moderately large, elongated, diffuse.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7314 = h3949 on 29 Jul 1834 and recorded "pB; L; mE in
meridian; vlbM; 4' l, 2' br; moonlight." His position (also measured the next sweep) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7315 = UGC
12097 = MCG +06-49-037 = CGCG 514-059 = PGC 69241
22 35 31.7 +34
48 12
V = 12.5; Size 1.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5"
(8/12/88): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core. A mag 15 star is 0.7' W of center. Located 30' NW of NGC 7331.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7315 = St IV-13 on 11 Sep 1872. His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7316 = UGC
12098 = MCG +03-57-020 = CGCG 452-030 = Mrk 307 = PGC 69259
22 35 56.3 +20
19 20
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 60d
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, elongated SW-NE, irregular surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 50" SSW of
center. An extremely faint star is possibly involved at the east end. Located 3.2' NNE of mag 6.7 SAO 90628.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7316 = H III-180 = h2169 on 18 Sep 1784 (sweep 277) and noted
"eF, vS, north of a star about 9m." His time is about 8 seconds too small, but the
identification is certain.
******************************
NGC 7317 =
Stephan's Quintet = HCG 92E = Arp 319 NED1 = VV 288d = MCG +06-49-038 = CGCG
514-060 = Holm 792d = PGC 69256
22 35 51.8 +33
56 42
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.8
18"
(6/25/04): faint, very small, round, ~20" diameter. A mag 13 star just off the NW side
detracts from viewing. This star
is collinear with two mag 13.5 stars 0.7' NE and 1.7' SE with a mag 14.5 star
just off this line. These and a few
additional faint stars near or attached to galaxies in the group (NGC 7320)
contribute to the challenge and fascination of these five galaxies.
17.5"
(9/14/85): fourth brightest of five in Stephan's quintet. Fairly faint, small, round, brighter
core, easy with direct vision. A
mag 13 star is at the NW edge just 16" from the center which confuses the
observation. The interacting pair
NGC 7318A and NGC 7318B is 1.6' NE and NGC 7320 is 2.5' E.
13.1"
(9/29/84): very faint, small, round.
A star is at the NW edge.
Second faintest in Stephan's quintet.
13.1"
(8/23/84): very faint, small, round, visible without averted vision.
13.1"
(8/5/83): extremely faint, very small, round, close following a star, requires
averted vision.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7317 = St VIIIa-19, along with the other members of the group,
on 23 Sep 1876. His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7318 =
Stephan's Quintet = HCG 92D = Arp
319 NED2 = VV 288c = (R)NGC 7318A = UGC 12099 = MCG +06-49-039 = CGCG 514-061 =
PGC 69260
22 35 56.7 +33
57 56
V = 13.4; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0
18"
(6/25/04): The brighter western component (NGC 7318A) appeared fairly faint,
slightly elongated E-W, sharply concentrated with a bright stellar or
quasi-stellar nucleus. The eastern
component (NGC 7318B) is fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, sharply
concentrated with a stellar nucleus (not as prominent as NGC 7318A). The two
galaxies are encased in a common halo.
17.5"
(9/14/85): the western member of this double galaxy in Stephan's quintet is
moderately bright, elongated ~E-W.
The eastern member is moderately bright, elongated ~E-W. This double system appears as two
stellar nuclei within a common elongated halo. The three other members are NGC 7317 1.6' SW, NGC 7320 1.9'
SE and NGC 7319 1.5' NE.
13"
(9/29/84): faint, elongated, two stellar nuclei are resolved in good seeing.
8" (6/27/81
and 8/28/81): extremely faint, small.
This double galaxy appears as a single object.
6"
(6/25/04): extremely faint, glimpsed intermittently at 105x and 140x, along
with NGC 7320 using a 6" mask.
This double system was unresolved.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7318 = St VIIIa-20 on 23 Sep 1876. He didn't resolved the pair, so the two components are
often called NGC 7318A and 7318B.
Harold Corwin carefully re-reduced his offsets and found he measured the
brighter western component, although his position is just off the nucleus of
the eastern component. Shapley and
Ames mentioned NGC 7318 is "bi-nuclear and probably represents two
interpenetrating system" in 1930BHarO.878....6S. The group is also referred to as "Stephan's
Quintet".
******************************
NGC 7319 =
Stephan's Quintet = HCG 92C = Arp 319 NED5 = VV 288b = UGC 12102 = MCG
+06-49-041 = CGCG 514-064 = Holm 792b = PGC 69269
22 36 03.5 +33
58 33
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.8
18"
(7/20/04): at 323x appears a very faint low surface brightness glow, small,
elongated 3:2 or 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x25", very weak concentration. Three mag 15-16 stars are very near. This galaxy is the faintest in Stephan's Quintet.
18"
(6/25/04): very faint, small, round, low surface brightness, slightly
elongated, ~25"x20", very small slightly brighter core. Faintest in Stephan's quintet.
17.5"
(9/14/85): faintest in Stephan's quintet.
Faint, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, very low surface brightness with
only a very weak concentration.
Located 1.7' N of NGC 7320 and 1.5' NE of the double system NGC 7318A/B.
13"
(7/27/84): extremely faint, fairly small, requires averted.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7319 = St VIIIa-21, along with others in the group, on 23 Sep
1876. His micrometric position is
very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7320 =
Stephan's Quintet = HCG 92A = Arp 319 NED4 = VV 288a = UGC 12101 = MCG
+06-49-042 = CGCG 514-063 = Holm 792a = LGG 459-002 = PGC 69270
22 36 03.4 +33
56 53
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 132d
18"
(6/25/04): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE,
~50"x30". A mag 14 star
is embedded on the SE portion of the halo, just 15" from the center. The brightness of NGC 7320 is
comparable to the combined glow of NGC 7318A/B. The Quintet was viewed at 257x and 300x. This galaxy has a very low redshift
compared to the other group members, so has been a subject of controversy but
is likely a foreground object.
17.5" (9/14/85):
brightest in Stephan's quintet consisting of five galaxies within a 4' diameter
circle. Moderately bright,
moderately large, brighter core, elongated 5:2 NW-SE. A mag 14.5 star is at the SE side 15" from the
center. NGC 7317 lies 2.5' W, NGC
7318 pair is 1.7' NW and NGC 7319 1.7' N.
Located 30' SSW of NGC 7331.
13": faint,
elongated NW-SE.
8" (6/27/81
and 8/28/81): extremely faint, small.
6"
(6/25/04): marginal but definitely glimpsed at moments with a 6" mask at
115x and 140x.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7320 = St VIIIa-22, along with the other members of the group,
on 23 Sep 1876. His position is
accurate.
This galaxy is
probably a foreground galaxy in the Quintet. The Feb 2001 issue of Astronomy mentions the HST image
resolved NGC 7320 but not the other members, confirming it is a foreground
galaxy (~35 million l.y. vs. ~270 million l.y.). See S&T November 2004 and my observing piece in the
article.
******************************
NGC 7321 = UGC
12103 = MCG +03-57-021 = CGCG 452-031 = Holm 793a = PGC 69287
22 36 28.0 +21
37 19
V = 12.9; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 12d
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, elongated SW-NE, no concentration. A mag 15 star is attached at the NE end
24" from center. Four bright
stars are within the 20' field; mag 9 SAO 90632 5.7' SSW and SAO 90645 9.5' NE
and mag 8.5 SAO 90631 6.3' NW and SAO 90649 9.5' NE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7321 = H III-237 = h2170 on 17 Nov 1784 (sweep 319) and logged
"eF, vS." His position
is 2.5' north of UGC 12103. JH
recorded "pF; irreg R; vgvlbM; 15...20"." and measured an
accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7322 = NGC
7334 = ESO 405-033 = MCG -06-49-010 = PGC 69365
22 37 51.5 -37
13 52
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 114d
17.5"
(10/30/99): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Requires averted vision in poor
seeing. Located just west of the
midpoint of a mag 10 (SAO 213968) and 12 star oriented N-S at 14' separation.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7322 = h3950 on 30 Aug 1834 and recorded pF; R; gbM;
20". Two nights later he
called this galaxy "eF; S; vlE." His position matches ESO 405-033 = PGC 69365. NGC 7334 is a third observation made on
23 Oct 1835 (see that number). So,
NGC 7322 = NGC 7334.
******************************
NGC 7323 = UGC
12108 = MCG +03-57-025 = CGCG 452-034 = Holm 794a = PGC 69311
22 36 53.7 +19
08 38
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170d
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, slightly elongated, broad mild concentration. Forms a pair with NGC 7324 1.8' E. A wide pair of mag 9 stars is 6' E (mag
8.7 SAO 108048 and mag 9.3 SAO 108049 at 41" separation).
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7323 = m 487, along with NGC 7324, on 13 Sep 1863 and noted
"pF, pL, irr R." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7324 = MCG
+03-57-026 = Holm 794b = PGC 69321
22 37 00.9 +19
08 46
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 168d
17.5"
(9/2/89): very faint, extremely small, round. A mag 11.5 star is 0.6' SE of center. Close pair with NGC 7323 1.8' W.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7324 = m 488, along with NGC 7323, on 13 Sep 1863 and noted
"vF, vS neb. *." His
position is less than 1' north of PGC 69321.
******************************
NGC 7325
22 36 48.4 +34
22 02
Size 15"
17.5"
(10/17/98): this is a very faint double star 4.5' SW of the core of NGC
7331. At 220x only the brighter
mag 14 component was evident but at 280x and 380x a fainter mag 15 companion at
15" S was visible. A wide
pair of mag 12/13 stars that are collinear with the core of the galaxy lie 1.5'
NW. RNGC misidentifies NGC 7325
with PGC 69291 at 22 36 33.4 +34 30 05.
Herman Schultz
discovered NGC 7325 = Nova VIII on 20 Sep 1865 while observing NGC 7331 with
the 9.6-inch refractor at Uppsala Observatory. His micrometric position matches a mag 14/15 double star at
15" separation with the northern component an extremely close double. This
pair is situated 4.5' southwest of the center of NGC 7331. Dreyer also found this object and
measured an accurate offset at Birr Castle on 8 Sep 1875 using NGC 7331 as the
reference. It's shown unlabeled on
the constructed sketch of the companions to NGC 7331 in the 1880 publication.
Karl Reinmuth reported this object as a "? Neb *14.8" based on a
Heidelberg plate.
RNGC misidentifies
PGC 69261 as NGC 7325. On the POSS
this galaxy appears to have a fairly bright star superimposed making a visual
observation extremely difficult.
The identification of NGC 7325 was discussed in my Fall 1986 Deep Sky
magazine article as well as in RNGC Corrections #1.
******************************
NGC 7326
22 36 52.0 +34
25 22
17.5"
(10/17/98): NGC 7326 refers to a faint, close double star just 2.5' preceding
the nucleus of NGC 7331. It was
not seen with certainty at 220x, but was clearly visible at 280x and 380x as a
mag 15.5 star (not resolved). The
RNGC misidentifies CGCG 514-066 as NGC 7326.
Lawrence
Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse, discovered NGC 7326 on 7 Oct 1874. His micrometric offset (also measured
in 1875) from NGC 7331 (153" in PA 278¡) points to a close double star
2.5' preceding the nucleus of NGC 7331.
It's also shown unlabeled on the constructed sketch in the 1880
publication. Dorothy Carlson also equated this number with the double star
based on Mount Wilson and Lick Observatory plates.
RNGC
misidentifies CGCG 514-066 as NGC 7326.
This galaxy is located 12' northwest of NGC 7331. This error was mentioned in my article
on NGC 7331 and its companions in Deep Sky magazine for Fall 1986, as well as
in RNGC Corrections #1.
******************************
NGC 7327
22 36 57.3 +34
28 02
17.5"
(10/17/98): this number refers to one of the several nonexistent NGC entries in
the NGC 7331 vicinity. A possible
candidate suggested by Harold Corwin is a mag 13 star near the tip of the
northern extension of NGC 7331.
This single star appeared stellar, although it seems plausible that it
might look slightly nebulous due to the faint background haze of the galaxy. Other fainter nearby stars may instead
apply to NGC 7327.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7327, along with NGC 7338, in 1882 with the 11" refractor
near Florence and reported in the narrative portion of his fifth paper (AN
2439). He mentions finding a total
of 8 companions to NGC 7331, including two that are not shown on Lord Rosse's
sketch. No position was given but
NGC 7327 was simply noted as "preceding the northern end of the spindle
[NGC 7331]." There are no
galaxies or double stars nearby, so he may have mistaken a single faint star.
Harold Corwin
suggests the mag 13 star at 22 36 57.3 +34 28 02 (2000) as a reasonable
candidate. Another possibility is
the compact galaxy PGC 69261, which has a bright star superimposed (the RNGC
misidentifies this galaxy as NGC 7325).
Unfortunately, Tempel didn't leave any additional clues as to the
identification of NGC 7327, so any assignment is really a guess. The identifications in the NGC 7331
group are discussed in my Deep Sky magazine article for Fall 1986.
******************************
NGC 7328 = UGC
12118 = MCG +02-57-007 = PGC 69349
22 37 29.3 +10
31 54
V = 13.1; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 88d
17.5"
(9/19/87): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, broad weak
concentration, faint outer halo.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7328 = h2171 on 12 Oct 1825 and recorded "eF; elongated in
parallel [E-W]; 60" l, 40" br." His position (measured on 4 sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7329 = ESO
109-012 = AM 2236-664 = LGG 462-002 = PGC 69453
22 40 24.2 -66
28 44
V = 11.3; Size 3.9'x2.6'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 107d
30"
(10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, very large, oval 5:3 ~E-W, at least
2.5'x1.5', sharply concentrated with a bright, elongated core (bar E-W). The halo is only slightly concentrated
but shows weak spiral structure. A
mag 12.5 is 3' NW and a pair of mag 14.5/15 stars is off the southwest side and
collinear with the nucleus. IC
5235 and 5236 lie 8.4' and 10.6' SE, respectively.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7329 = h3951 on 20 Jul 1835 and recorded "pB; mE in
parallel; gbM; 50" l, 20" br." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7330 = UGC
12111 = MCG +06-49-046 = CGCG 514-067 = PGC 69314
22 36 56.2 +38
32 53
V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5"
(6/15/91): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, weak concentration,
faint stellar nucleus. A mag 13
star is 1.2' NW of center.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7330 = St II-30 on 26 Jul 1870. His micrometric position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7331 = UGC
12113 = MCG +06-49-045 = CGCG 514-068 = Holm 795a = LGG 459-003 = PGC 69327
22 37 04.1 +34
24 56
V = 9.5; Size 10.5'x3.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 171d
48"
(10/24/14): at 488x, the long dust lane along the west side (running N-S) was
prominent as the galaxy is sharply cut off at the bright edge of an inner
spiral arm. A clearly visible outer spiral arm curves sharply counterclockwise
around the south side of the halo and shoots directly north. It continues or merges into a fairly
narrow arm just west of the dust lane and extends beyond the central region on
the west side.
24"
(7/21/12): at 322x this showpiece galaxy appeared very bright, very elongated 3:1
NNW-SSE, ~9'x3'. Contains a very
bright, elongated core that is sharply concentrated with an intense stellar
nucleus. The galaxy exhibits
subtle spiral structure in the outer halo and the brighter edge of the inner
western arm is sharply defined as it shoots north. Just west of this arm the light drops off sharply due to a
long dust lane and the dim glow of the outer halo is clearly visible west of
the lane. Arm structure is also
evident at the north and south ends of the central region. The four background companions to the
east fit snugly in the field.
18"
(8/1/08): The sharp light cut-off (dust lane) was evident, running along the
west side of the galaxy, and the outer halo had subtle structure and variations
in brightness that suggested spiral structure.
13.1"
(7/27/84): very bright, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 9'x2.5', very bright
elongated core, substellar nucleus.
The west side has a sharper edge due to dust. Four companions are close following with the brightest three
NGC 7335 3.5' ENE, NGC 7337 5.2' SE, NGC 7336 5.3' NE and NGC 7340 8.1' E of
center. Stephan's Quintet lies 30'
SSW.
8"
(8/28/81): very bright, large, nucleus bulge, very elongated. Two extremely faint companions to the
east are just visible.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7331 = H I-53 = h2172 on 6 Sep 1784 (sweep 258) and recorded
"pB, cL, E, lbM." His
position is 10' too far south-southeast.
On 13 Sep 1784 (sweep 269), he noted "vB, cL, mE, mbM, r." JH
reported "vB; pL; smbM; E 70¡ np to sf; 90" l, 30" br. If I. 53, the working list 9' out in PD
[it is]."
George Stoney,
LdR's assistant on 17 Aug 1849, logged "the preceding edge is well defined
[dust lane] and Nucl near it. I
strongly suspected an eF branch [spiral arm] from south end round following and
north and then preceding of preceding edge." A month later he confirmed "appendage preceding
certain, following branch suspected, 4 knots [companions] following, one
preceding seen by Lord R to consist of 4 or 5 stars [wrong]." The sketch on Plate XXX, fig 39, clearly
shows the dust lane along the major axis.
******************************
NGC 7332 = UGC
12115 = MCG +04-53-008 = CGCG 474-012 = Holm 796a = PGC 69342
22 37 24.5 +23
47 54
V = 11.1; Size 4.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 155d
17.5"
(9/2/89): bright, fairly large, edge-on 4:1 NNW-SSE, well-defined very bright
core, stellar nucleus. Forms a
striking pair of edge-on systems with NGC 7339 5.2' E!
8"
(7/24/82): fairly bright, small bright nucleus, edge-on NNW-SSE. Forms a pair with NGC 7339 5' E.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7332 = H II-233 = h2173, along with NGC 7339, on 19 Sep 1784
(sweep 278) and recorded "pB, E, easily resolvable. I can distinguish one or two
stars." On 20 Oct 1784 (sweep
302) he reported "B, lE, the direction nearly in the parallel [N-S]."
JH first logged (sweep 166) "B; S; mE in pos = 163¡ by microm; vsmbM to a
* 11m."
******************************
NGC 7333
22 37 11.6 +34
26 14
17.5"
(10/17/98): extremely close double star just 2.0' NE of the center of NGC
7331. At 220x it appeared as a
single mag 15 star 40" following a mag 13.5-14 star. This star is on a line between NGC 7335
and the core of NGC 7331.
Herman Schultz
discovered NGC 7333 = Nova IX on 20 Sep 1865 while observing NGC 7331 with the
9.6-inch refractor at Uppsala Observatory. His micrometric position matches an extremely close double
star (less than 2" separation) situated 2' northeast of the center of NGC
7331. The components are just
distinguishable on the SDSS. Karl
Reinmuth reported this object as a "nebulous *15, *14 p 0.7'.", based
on a Heidelberg plate. Dorothy
Carlson classified it as a double star (misinterpreting Reinmuth's description)
in her 1940 paper on NGC errata. I
discussed NGC 7333 in my article on the identifications in the NGC 7331 group
in Deep Sky magazine.
******************************
NGC 7334 = NGC
7322 = ESO 405-033 = MCG -06-49-010 = PGC 69365
22 37 51.5 -37
13 52
See observing
notes for NGC 7322.
John Herschel
found NGC 7334 = h3950 on 23 Oct 1835 and recorded "eeF; barely, but
certainly seen." A note was
added "the observation makes the RA 29 min 6.5 sec [instead of 28 min],
and as the PD fails of a perfect agreement [with his previously two
observations of h3950 = NGC 7322], it is not impossible that this may be a
different nebula." In the
Cape catalogue, all three observations of this galaxy were listed under the
single entry h3950, but he included a second entry in the GC at the wrong
position, which became NGC 7334.
So, NGC 7322 = NGC 7334, with a 1 minute error in RA.
******************************
NGC 7335 = UGC
12116 = MCG +06-49-047 = CGCG 514-069 = Holm 795c = PGC 69338
22 37 19.4 +34
26 52
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 151d
48"
(10/24/14): at 488x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated nearly 5:2
NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.35'. Contains a
very bright core.
24"
(7/21/12): at 322x was moderately bright and large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE,
~50"x20", relatively large bright oval core that gradually increases
to the center. This is the
brightest of the four "companions" to NGC 7331 with the faintest
galaxy, NGC 7336, situated 2.1' NNE.
The quartet is actually far in the background (8x the redshift) of NGC
7331, at a similar redshift as Stephan's Quintet with the exception for NGC
7320, which has a similar redshift as NGC 7331.
18"
(8/1/08): at 280x appeared fairly faint or moderately bright, very elongated
nearly 3:1 NNW-SSE, well concentrated with a small, bright elongated core. With averted vision increases in size
to 1.2'x0.35'. This is easily the
brightest of four companions on the east side of NGC 7331.
18"
(7/19/04): at 225x appears fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE,
contains a bright core which increases to a faint stellar nucleus, ~0.8'x0.35',
though increases in size with averted vision to 1.0'x0.4'. Brightest of four companions on the
following side of NGC 7331.
17.5"
(8/27/87): fairly faint, bright core, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, small bright
core. This is the brightest and
largest of the four following companions of NGC 7331 located 3.5' ENE of
center. A mag 14 star is 1.3' NE. Extremely faint NGC 7336 is 2.1' NNE.
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly faint, bright core, very elongated NNW-SSE.
13"
(9/29/84): easily the brightest and largest of the companions to NGC 7331. Fairly faint but easily visible with
direct vision at 220x, gradually increases to center, elongated NNW-SSE.
13"
(7/27/84): fairly faint, elongated NNW-SSE, broad concentration. Located 3.6' E of the center of NGC
7331. Extremely faint NGC 7336 is
2' NNE.
8"
(8/28/81): extremely faint, very small, requires averted.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7335 = H III-166 = h2174 on 13 Sep 1784 (sweep 269) he recorded
"eF, vS, E, between 4 & 5' distant from the former [NGC 7331] and
north following it." JH reported this galaxy as "eF; it is nf from I.
53 [NGC 7331]; pos by micrometer = 61.8¡; Delta RA = 14.5 seconds."
******************************
NGC 7336 = MCG
+06-49-049 = Holm 795j = PGC 69337
22 37 21.9 +34
28 54
V = 15.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.9
48"
(10/29/16): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, very
small brighter core. Faintest of
the four galaxies to the east of NGC 7331.
48"
(10/24/14): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated
2:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.3', contains a small bright core. Located 2' N of NGC 7335.
24"
(7/21/12): at 322x the faintest of the four "companions" to NGC 7331
appeared faint, small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 20"x14", small brighter
core. Situated 2.1' NNE of NGC
7335 (brightest of the quartet). A
mag 13.5 star is 1' S, between the two galaxies.
18"
(8/1/08): at 283x appeared very faint but visible steadily with averted vision,
very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15" in size.
18"
(7/19/04): at 225x appears extremely faint, very small, roundish. At times only a 10" core was
visible but with concentrated viewing an extended halo was visible increasing
the size to 20"x10".
Located 2' NNE of NGC 7335 and faintest of the quartet.
17.5"
(8/12/88): very faint, very small, elongated, visible steadily. Located 1' NNW of a mag 14 star.
17.5"
(8/27/87): Can just be held continuously with averted vision, elongated
~N-S. Faintest of the 4 galaxies
on the east side of NGC 7331.
17.5"
(9/14/85): very faint, very small, slightly elongated. Just visible with constant direct
vision at 200x (10mm Clave). A mag 14 star is 1.0' SSE of center. This is the faintest of four companions
of NGC 7331 and is located 2.1' NNE of NGC 7335.
Lord Rosse or
assistant George Stoney discovered NGC 7336, along with NGC 7337 and 7340, on
10 Sep 1849 and noted "4 knots following [NGC 7331]." A diagram was made 2 nights later and
NGC 7336 was labeled "C".
******************************
NGC 7337 = UGC
12120 = MCG +06-49-050 = CGCG 514-071 = Holm 795b = PGC 69344
22 37 26.6 +34
22 27
V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.3
48"
(10/24/14): moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, ~0.5'x0.4', but
difficult to estimate size of halo because of the superimposed star (just
8" SE of center!) and the outer portion has a low surface brightness and
fades into background. Contains a very small bright core within a fairly low
contrast "bar" extending N-S.
24"
(7/21/12): fairly faint, fairly small, round, though a mag 14 star on the east
side of the core of the galaxy distracts from a clean view. Sharply concentrated with a very small
bright core ~10" diameter and a much fainter halo ~25" diameter.
18"
(8/1/08): faint or fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 0.4'x0.25'. A mag 14.5 star on the east side
confuses the view. Located 5' SE
of NGC 7331.
18"
(7/19/04): at 322x appears faint, very small, round, ~20" diameter. The observation is confused by a mag 14
star that is attached on the southeast side and the galaxy appears to bulge out
from the star towards the NW.
17.5"
(8/27/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated. A mag 14-14.5 star attached at the SE end just 9" from
the center confuses the observation as the galaxy appears like a close double. Located 5.2' SE of the center of NGC
7331 in a group of four faint companions.
17.5"
(9/14/85): faint, very small, round, star attached at SE end.
13"
(9/29/84): very faint, very small, round.
A mag 14 star is superimposed at the SE side. This is the third faintest of the four companions to NGC
7331 and is located 5' SE of the center of NGC 7331. NGC 7340 is 4' NE.
Lord Rosse or
observing assistant George Stoney discovered NGC 7337 along with NGC 7336 and
7340, on 10 Sep 1849 and noted "4 knots following [NGC 7331]." A diagram was made 2 nights later and
NGC 73376 was labeled "E".
******************************
NGC 7338 = ?
22 37 31.7 +34
24 51
17.5"
(10/17/98): at 220x, a single mag 14 star was clearly visible at this
position. A fainter companion
~12" preceding was not seen at 280x or 380x.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7338, along with NGC 7327, in 1882 with the 11" refractor
near Florence and reported in the narrative portion of his fifth paper (AN
2439). No position was given but
NGC 7338 was noted as located "between the four brighter companions
following [NGC 7331], closer to the southern two [NGC 7337 and
7340]." There are no
additional galaxies he might have seen, so this number probably refers to a
single or double star. Harold
Corwin suggest NGC 7338 is probably the faint double star about 3' southeast of
NGC 7335, which forms an isosceles triangle with NGC 7337 and 7340. The identifications in the NGC 7331
group are discussed in my Deep Sky magazine article for Fall 1986.
******************************
NGC 7339 = UGC
12122 = MCG +04-53-009 = CGCG 474-013 = Holm 796b = PGC 69364
22 37 46.9 +23
47 12
V = 12.2; Size 3.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 93d
24"
(6/14/15): bright, fairly large, edge-on 5:1 E-W, 2.2'x0.4', large bright core,
slightly mottled appearance. The
north edge of the central region has a sharper light cut-off apparently due to
dust and a very low surface brightness glow is just beyond this edge.
17.5"
(9/2/89): moderately bright, thin edge-on 5:1 E-W, brighter core but no sharp
nucleus. Forms a striking pair with
edge-on NGC 7332 5.2' W.
8"
(7/24/82): faint, very elongated ~E-W.
Aligned nearly perpendicular to NGC 7332 5' WNW and has a similar size.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7339 = H II-234 = h2175, along with NGC 7332, on 19 Sep 1784
(sweep 278) and recorded "F, E, r, the direction of the extent different
from that of the foregoing [NGC 7332]." On 20 Oct 1784 (sweep 302) he reported "E of the size
of the foregoing [NGC 7332], and the extension in a different direction, almost
at rectangles to the former; the direction nearly in the parallel, about 1 1/2'
in length." On sweep 290, JH recorded "vF; mE in parallel; 60"
l; the following of two [with NGC 7332] and a third suspected." There is no other nearby third object.
******************************
NGC 7340 = MCG
+06-49-052 = CGCG 514-075 = Holm 795e = PGC 69362
22 37 44.2 +34
24 36
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 170d
48"
(10/24/14): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated,
35"x25", sharply concentrated with a bright core and sharp stellar
nucleus.
24"
(7/21/12): moderately bright at 322x, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S,
0.5'x0.4', sharply concentrated with a very small bright core that increases to
the center. Second brightest of
the four "companions" to NGC 7331. Collinear with a mag 11 star 1.8' NNW and a mag 10.3 star
3.6' NNW.
18"
(8/1/08): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.6'x0.5', very faint
stellar nucleus. Collinear with
two bright stars 1.8' NNW and 3.6' NNW.
18"
(7/19/04): at 322x appears fairly faint, small, round, 25"-30"
diameter, broad concentration to a brighter core. This is the second most prominent galaxy of the quartet
following NGC 7331.
17.5"
(8/27/87): fairly faint, small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus. This is the last of four galaxies
following NGC 7331 and lies 8.1' E of center. Nearby are NGC 7337 4.2' SW and NGC 7335 5.6' NW. Collinear with two 10 stars 1.8' NNW
and 3.6' NNW.
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly faint, small, round, bright core.
13"
(9/29/84): faint, small, round, bright core. Second brightest of four faint companions of NGC 7331.
8"
(8/28/81): extremely faint, very small, requires averted.
Lord Rosse or
assistant George Stoney discovered NGC 7340, along with NGC 7336 and 7337, on
10 Sep 1849 and noted "4 knots following [NGC 7331]." A diagram was made 2 nights later and
NGC 7340 was labeled "D".
******************************
NGC 7341 = ESO
534-011 = MCG -04-53-027 = PGC 69412
22 39 05.1 -22
39 55
V = 12.4; Size 2.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 94d
17.5"
(7/1/89): faint, very small, slightly elongated E-W, weak concentration. Located just 2' SSW mag 8.3 SAO 191299.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7341 = LM I-255 on 20 Jul 1885 and recorded
"pF; pS; E; lbM." His
rough position (the nearest min of RA is marked as uncertain) is coincidentally
just 2' south of ESO 534-011 = PGC 69412.
Ormond Stone later published an accurate micrometric position in the
"Southern Nebulae" publication (repeated in the IC 1 Notes section).
******************************
NGC 7342 = UGC
12126 = MCG +06-49-054 = CGCG 514-076 = WBL 685-001 = PGC 69374
22 38 13.1 +35
29 56
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.3
18"
(6/25/04): faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, weak concentration to
a small slightly brighter core.
Overall, the surface brightness is pretty low. A mag 14 star is attached at the west side. Located 10.7' NNW of UGC 12127 in a
group of faint galaxies including NGC 7345 7' ENE.
17.5"
(8/12/88): faint, small, round, weak concentration, very faint stellar
nucleus. A mag 14 star is at the
west edge 25" from the center.
Member of the UGC 12127 group with NGC 7345 6.9' ENE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7342 = St IV-14, along with NGC 7345, on 11 Sep 1872. His micrometric position is very
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7343 = UGC
12129 = MCG +06-49-059 = CGCG 514-082 = PGC 69391
22 38 37.9 +34
04 17
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 160d
18"
(8/1/08): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3, 0.6'x0.45', weak
concentration. Located 28' SE of
NGC 7331.
17.5"
(8/12/88): faint, small, round, weak concentration.
Truman Safford
discovered NGC 7343 = Sf 53 = St VIIIa-23 on 14 Sep 1866. Safford's position is 5' too far south
and 7 sec of RA too large. His
discovery wasn't published until 1887 (just a position with no description),
too late to be credited in the NGC.
ƒdouard Stephan independently discovered this galaxy a decade later on
26 Sep 1876. His micrometric
position is very accurate and Stephen was credited in the GC Supplement (6072)
and NGC.
******************************
NGC 7344 = MCG
-01-57-020 = PGC 69433
22 39 36.2 -37
16 32
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 160d
17.5"
(8/10/91): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 ~N-S, almost even
surface brightness. Either a faint
knot is at the north edge or an extremely faint star is superimposed.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7344 = m 489 on 1 Oct 1864 and noted "pF, vS, R." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7345 = UGC
12130 = MCG +06-49-064 = CGCG 514-083 = WBL 685-005 = PGC 69401
22 38 44.8 +35
32 26
V = 14.3; Size 1.2'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 39d
24"
(8/31/16): moderately bright and large, edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, 1.0'x0.15',
relatively large bright core, the extensions taper at the tips. A mag 9.6 star is 1.8' S. Furthest north in the UGC 12127 Group
(WBL 685) with NGC 7342 7' SW and CGCG 514-087 6.8' SSE. The latter galaxy is fairly faint,
small, round, 18" diameter, gradually increases to a small, brighter
nucleus.
18"
(6/25/04): faint, fairly small, thin edge-on 5:1 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.15', very small
brighter core. Situated just north
of a small group of stars highlighted by a mag 9.6 star 1.7' S. NGC 7342 lies 7' WSW and CGCG 514-087
is 7' SSE.
CGCG 514-087 is
very faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter. Contains a slightly brighter 5" core and faint stellar
nucleus with direct vision at 300x.
Located just south of a line connecting two mag 12.5/15 stars oriented
E-W and 9' NE of UGC 12127.
17.5"
(8/12/88): faint, fairly small, very elongated SSW-NNE, bright core. A mag 10.5 star is 2' S. Located 6.9' ENE of NGC 7342 in the UGC
12127 group.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7345 = St IV-15, along with NGC 7342, on 11 Sep 1872. His micrometric position is very
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7346 = CGCG
429-017 = PGC 69430
22 39 35.4 +11
05 00
V = 14.6; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.1
17.5"
(9/19/87): very faint, very small, round, small bright core. Pair with NGC 7347 6.1' SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7346 = m 490 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, vS,
stellar." His position is
accurate (to within 30").
******************************
NGC 7347 = UGC
12136 = MCG +02-57-009 = CGCG 429-019 = PGC 69443
22 39 56.2 +11
01 39
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 133d
17.5"
(9/19/87): faint, fairly small, very elongated NW-SE, weak concentration. Pair with NGC 7346 6.1' NW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7347 = h2176 on 9 Oct 1830 and recorded "eF; pL; 60"
l, 30" br; a certain observation." His position and description is a good match with UGC
12136. On 28 Sep 1875, Dreyer
recorded "eF; vmE 130¡, vlbM, perhaps a little curved [like an integral
sign]."
******************************
NGC 7348 = UGC
12142 = MCG +02-57-010 = CGCG 429-020 = PGC 69463
22 40 36.3 +11
54 22
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 12d
17.5"
(9/19/87): very faint, small, elongated, very diffuse, low surface
brightness. Appears fainter than V
= 13.8.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7348 = m 491, along with NGC 7350 and 7353, on 7 Aug 1864 and
noted "vF, pL, irr R."
His position is accurate, though NGC 7350 and NGC 7353 have uncertain
identifications.
******************************
NGC 7349 = ESO
603-004 = MCG -04-53-029 = PGC 69488
22 41 14.8 -21
47 48
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 166d
17.5"
(10/30/99): this was a marginal object from Pacheco State Park and appeared
extremely faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S. Required averted vision and could hold for more than a few
seconds at a time at 220x and 280x.
Forms the southern vertex of a small triangle with two mag 13 stars 1.7'
NE and 2.3' NW. Located 5' N of a
mag 10.5 star.
17.5"
(10/25/97): not found at 220x and 280x although examined exact position using
GSC chart. The seeing was fairly
poor and observed early in evening before mirror had reached thermal
equilibrium.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7349 = LM II-469 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory. He
recorded "mag 15.0 (nucleus), 0.3'x0.1' in position angle 175¡, binuclear;
double." There is nothing at
his position but one degree north is ESO 603-004 = PGC 69488, which is
identified as NGC 7349 in ESO and the Southern Galaxy Catalogue, but not the MCG. Although Muller's declination is
considerably off, his position angle is accurate and provides a reliable
check. Harold Corwin concurs with
this identification.
The RNGC
misidentifies MCG -04-53-036 as NGC 7349.
This galaxy is 3.3 minutes of RA east and 8' south of Muller's
place. Neither galaxy is close to
the original position, but the ESO galaxy is a better fit with the visual
description. This number was
discussed in my RNGC Corrections #5.
******************************
NGC 7350
22 40 48.5 +12
00 23
=**?, Corwin (or
triple star).
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7350 = m 492, along with NGC 7348 and 7353, on 7 Aug 1864 and
simply noted "vF". There
is nothing near his position, despite the fact that NGC 7348 was accurately
placed. Dorothy Carlson equates
this number with a star (repeated in the RNGC). Harold Corwin tentatively identifies this number as a double
or triple star at this position.
DSS shows a close pair with a much wider third component. See his notes for further investigation
of this number.
******************************
NGC 7351 = MCG
-01-57-022 = PGC 69489
22 41 26.9 -04
26 41
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 0d
17.5"
(8/10/91): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE. This galaxy has a high surface
brightness with a large prominent central region and a small bright core.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7351 = St IX-30 = Sw II-92 on 3 Oct 1878. Stephan's micrometric position is very
accurate. Lewis Swift
independently found this galaxy on 18 Nov 1884 and noted "vF; pS;
R." His position is 19 seconds
of RA too small and his dec is 1.5' too large. Herbert Howe commented in his series of NGC observations
that "Swift calls this
'round', but to me it appeared much elongated at 180¡ [N-S]."
******************************
NGC 7352
22 39 46 +57 23
18
18"
(9/24/05): at John Herschel's position is just a undistinguished scattered star
field surrounding mag 8.5 HD 214833, set within a rich, low power Milky Way
field. Perhaps 50 stars are
visible within a 15' circle, though the borders are pretty arbitrary. There are no rich subgroupings although
the background contains some unresolved Milky Way background glow. This field does not appear to be
eye-catching enough to be mentioned by Herschel, but apparently it was.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7352 = h2177 on 24 Sep 1829 and recorded "A star 9-10m, the
chief of a p rich, vL, very coarse cluster." His position corresponds with mag 8.5 HD 214833. Based on its photographic appearance,
Karl Reinmuth described this object as "a very dense region, Cl not well
defined." RNGC classifies the
number as nonexistent. See
Corwin's identification notes for an alternative identification.
******************************
NGC 7353 = PGC
85285
22 42 12.5 +11
52 38
17.5"
(8/25/95): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter, very weak
concentration. Can barely hold
continuously with averted vision at 220x once identified using GSC chart. Forms the NE corner of a nearly perfect
rhombus with sides 2.7' with three mag 12-14 stars.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7353 = m 493 on 7 Aug 1864 and simply noted "eF". There is nothing near his discovery
position of 22 41 24 +11 56 (2000).
RNGC and RC3 misidentify UGC 12134 as NGC 7353. This galaxy is 1.8 minutes of time west
of Marth's position and also 10' south. This error was given in my RNGC
Corrections #2.
Harold Corwin
suggests KUG 2239+116 = PGC 85285 as NGC 7353. This galaxy is 49 seconds east and 3' south (11' ESE) of
Marth's position. Although closer
to his position, this is still implies a large positional error, so the
identification is very uncertain.
There is no listing for NGC 7353 in MCG, CGCG or RC3 or Reinmuth's photographic
survey.
******************************
NGC 7354 = PK
107+2.1 = PN G107.8+02.3
22 40 19.8 +61
17 06
V = 12.2; Size 28"x20"
24"
(8/30/16): at 375x; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE,
~25"x20". The rim is
brighter along the southeast side and very slightly brighter along the
northwest side. The rim dims on
the northeast side. A mag 14 star
is 0.5' SW, a mag 14-14.5 star is 0.8' W and a mag 15 star is 0.7' NW. At 500x, the planetary clearly has a
mottled appearance with what appears to be several very small brighter spots
that wink in and out.
18"
(8/17/04): at 225x, moderately bright, fairly small, ~30" diameter. A mag 14 star is just off the SW edge
with a mag 14.5 star a bit further west.
At 435x appears slightly brighter along portions of the rim,
particularly along the SE side.
17.5" (11/6/99):
a fairly bright, 25" disc is visible at 100x with one or two stars very
close. At 280x, the PN is slightly
elongated E-W, ~25"x20".
A mag 14 star is close off the SW edge, 30" from center and a mag
14.5 star is 0.6' due west. At
380x, a mag 15-15.5 star is 0.6' WNW.
In addition, the surface brightness is noticeably irregular with hints
of brighter areas.
13"
(7/12/86): fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated. A mag 14 star is just off the SW
edge. Pretty with a UHC filter at
166x, estimate V = 12.0. Takes
high power without a filter.
8": faint,
small, round, but easily visible at 100x or higher and takes 200x. Very faint
star is at the SW edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7354 = H II-705 = h2178 on 3 Nov 1787 (sweep 773) and recorded
"pB, S, irr R, er, almost of an equal light throughout." JH
noted it was "B enough to be noticed and caught in sweeping in full
moonlight, with the moon on meridian; pgbM; R; no nucleus seen." NGC 7354 was the most northerly object
observed with the Lord Rosse's 72", culminating 8¡ beyond the zenith.
Based on
Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported "a
somewhat irregular oval ring, fading out at each end, 22"x18" in p.a.
27¡. Outside this is a ring or
disk of much fainter matter, rather more circular in form and 32" across
from east to west. This outer
portion likewise is fainter at the ends of the major axis, and shows brighter
streaks at the east and west edges."
******************************
NGC 7355 = ESO
406-006 = AM 2240-370 = PGC 69587
22 43 30.4 -36
51 57
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 43d
17.5"
(8/26/00): at 220x, this was a marginal sighting as it appeared to pop into
view a few times momentarily and I had the impression it was elongated. Forms the north vertex of a small
equilateral triangle with two mag 15 stars ~1.5' SW and SE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7355 = h3952 on 1 Sep 1834 and recorded "eeF; vS; R: a
double star follows about 40 seconds on the parallel [east]." There is nothing near his position, but
Harold Corwin notes that exactly 1¡ north is ESO 406-006 = PGC 69587 and his description applies
(a 30" pair follows by 40 seconds of time). RNGC misses this identification and classifies the number as
nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7356 = UGC
12159 = MCG +05-53-010 = CGCG 495-014 = PGC 69530
22 42 02.3 +30
42 32
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 76d
17.5"
(9/2/89): very faint, small, very elongated WSW-ENE. A mag 14 star is at the edge 32" SSE from center.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7356 = St XIII-94 on 4 Oct 1883 and recorded "eeF; pS; R;
weak gradual concentration; *13 attached to southeast." His micrometric position is very
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7357 = UGC
12162 = MCG +05-53-011 = CGCG 495-016 = PGC 69544
22 42 23.9 +30
10 17
V = 14.0; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 120d
17.5"
(9/2/89): very faint, small, round, 20" diameter. A mag 14 star is just off the NW edge
25" from center. View
severely hampered by Eta Pegasi (V = 2.9) located 8' NE!
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7357 = St XIII-95 on 26 Sep 1883 and recorded "vF; eS; vF *
inv." His micrometric
position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7358 = ESO
109-018 = LGG 462-005 = PGC 69664
22 45 36.4 -65
07 19
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 176d
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:1
~N-S, 1.2'x0.4', sharply concentrated with a very small, very bright nucleus. A collinear trio of stars passes just
north of the galaxy with the closest mag 13.5 star 0.8' NE. Also a mag 13.8 star is 1.5' WSW. Located 11' SW of the brighter double
system IC 5250 in a group containing several IC galaxies. IC 5247 lies 12' SE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7358 = h3953 on 20 Jul 1835 and recorded "F; S; R; bM;
15"." His position is
accurate though he missed IC 5250 11.6' WNW, which is brighter than NGC 7358
and found earlier by Dunlop (D 255).
******************************
NGC 7359 = ESO
534-022 = MCG -04-53-034 = LGG 463-002 = PGC 69638
22 44 48.0 -23
41 17
V = 12.5; Size 2.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 55d
17.5"
(10/5/91): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated, sharp concentration,
bright core. Located 7' NE of mag
8.5 HD 215298. Unusual appearance
as bright core dominates with very thin and faint extensions 4:1 SW-NE.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7359 = LM I-256 on 14 Jul 1885 and reported
"pF; vS; pmE; bMN." His
rough position (nearest min of RA) is less than 1 min of RA too far west and
the description fits. Ormond Stone's corrected micrometric position (in the IC
1 Notes) is incorrect as he misidentified the comparison star. Herbert Howe finally measured an
accurate position in 1898-99 with the 20-inch refractor at Denver.
******************************
NGC 7360 = UGC
12167 = MCG +01-58-001 = CGCG 404-036 = CGCG 405-002 = PGC 69591
22 43 34.0 +04
09 04
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 153d
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, weak concentration,
slightly fainter than NGC 7367 34' SE.
Located 16' NNW of mag 7.6 SAO 27714.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7360 = m 494 on 29 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, vS." His position is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7361 = ESO
468-023 = MCG -05-53-027 = UGCA 434 = AM 2239-301 = IC 5237 = PGC 69539
22 42 18.1 -30
03 24
V = 12.3; Size 3.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5d
13.1"
(9/22/84): faint, moderately large, very diffuse, very elongated 3:1 N-S. A faint star is off the south end. Located 5.4' ESE of mag 7.8 SAO 214019.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7361 = h3954 on 28 Sep 1834 and recorded "F; pL; vmE in
meridian [N-S]; vgvlbM."
There is nothing near his position, but exactly 2.0 min of RA west is
ESO 468-023 = PGC 69539 and his description applies. Lewis Swift probably found this galaxy again on 19 Jul 1897
at Echo Mountain and reported Sw XII-40 (later IC 5237) as "eeeF; eeeS;
eeeE; eee dif; a line. 8m * np." His RA is 2.4 minutes too small, but
his description fits. At age 77 in
the summer of 1897, his positions were often significantly off and he wasn't
being careful in checking prior discoveries.
******************************
NGC 7362 = UGC
12171 = MCG +01-58-002 = CGCG 405-003 = PGC 69602
22 43 49.3 +08
42 20
V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 175d
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, small, almost round, brighter core. An anonymous galaxy is 4' S. There are several very faint companions
on the POSS.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7362 = Sw IV-85 on 2 Sep 1886 and recorded "vF; S; R;
lbM." His position is fairly
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7363 = MCG
+06-49-078 = CGCG 514-102 = LGG 459-004 = PGC 69580
22 43 18.4 +33
59 56
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, fairly small, irregularly round. A faint star mag 15 is involved at the SE side 17" from
center and a second mag 15 star is off the east end. UGC 12179 lies 22' E.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7363 on 27 Aug 1865 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. His position is
accurate and he mentioned a (wide) pair (~40") follows by 15 seconds and 1
1/2' north.
******************************
NGC 7364 = UGC
12174 = MCG +00-58-001 = CGCG 379-002 = PGC 69630
22 44 24.4 -00
09 43
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 65d
17.5"
(8/31/86): moderately bright, round, large brighter core surrounded by much
fainter halo. Located 30' SE of
two mag 7 stars.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7364 = H II-442 = h2179 on 1 Oct 1785 (sweep 447) and logged
"eF, S, r. 240 confirmed
it." JH made two
observations, first logging it on 12 Sep 1830 as "vF; S; R; psbM;
15"."
******************************
NGC 7365 = ESO
603-010 = MCG -03-58-001 = LGG 463-005 = PGC 69651
22 45 10.0 -19
57 07
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 34d
17.5"
(10/5/91): moderately bright, small, bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star is 2.9' NE and a mag 12
star 4.3' SE.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7365 = LM I-257 in 1886 and recorded "mag 14.5;
eS; R; gbMN; * 11 nf 4.0'."
His rough position (nearest min) is fairly accurate and a mag 12 star is
3' northeast. Herbert Howe
measured an accurate position in 1898-99 at Denver (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7366 = MCG
+02-58-004 = PGC 69629
22 44 26.6 +10
46 53
V = 14.5; Size 0.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.7
17.5"
(8/4/97): extremely faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very weak
concentration. Initially, I had a
difficult time locating this object, but once identified could hold
continuously with averted vision.
Located 2' WSW of a nice pair of mag 12/12.5 stars [25" separation]
oriented N-S.
17.5"
(8/20/88): not found.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7366 = m 495 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, S,
stellar." His position is 1'
northwest of PGC 69629.
******************************
NGC 7367 = UGC
12175 = MCG +00-58-002 = CGCG 379-003 = PGC 69633
22 44 34.4 +03
38 47
V = 13.8; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 128d
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, edge-on WNW-ESE.
A faint star is just off the east edge [19" ESE of center]. Located 12' WSW of mag 8.0 SAO 127735.
17.5"
(11/1/86): similar appearance to observation of 8/31/86 but second very faint
star suspected.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7367 = m 496 on 29 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, vS, irr. R,
stell." His position is less
than 1' south of UGC 12175.
Heinrich d'Arrest independently discovered the galaxy a year later (30
Aug 1865) with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen and noted a faint double
star followed by 16.5 seconds of time.
******************************
NGC 7368 = ESO
345-049 = MCG -07-46-010 = LGG 461-002 = PGC 69661
22 45 31.4 -39
20 26
V = 12.3; Size 3.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 130d
17.5"
(7/20/96): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.5'. No concentration though viewed hampered
by the very low elevation. In good
moments, appears up to 1.5'x0.5' in size.
Forms an isosceles triangle with two mag 13 stars 3.5' S and 3.5' WNW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7368 = h3955 on 4 Oct 1836 and recorded "F; lE; glbM;
30" length." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7369 = MCG
+06-49-080 = CGCG 514-105 = CGCG 515-002 = IV Zw 113 = PGC 69619
22 44 12.3 +34
21 04
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5"
(9/2/89): very faint, small, round.
Located between two mag 14 stars 0.7' SSW and 0.9' NE of center.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7369 on 29 Aug 1865 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. He measured an
accurate micrometric position on two nights and mentioned this object was
between two stars of mag 14 and 15.
******************************
NGC 7370 = PGC
69662
22 45 37.2 +11
03 28
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 132d
17.5"
(8/20/88): extremely faint, very small, round, low even surface
brightness. A mag 14 star is 1.9'
NNE. On a line with NGC 7372 4.9'
NNE and mag 7.5 SAO 108159 9.5' NNE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7370 = m 497, along with NGC 7372, on 7 Aug 1864 and noted
"eF, vS." His position
is accurate to within 1'.
******************************
NGC 7371 = MCG
-02-58-001 = PGC 69677
22 46 03.7 -11
00 04
V = 11.5; Size 2.0'x2.0'; Surf Br = 12.9
13.1"
(9/9/83): fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak concentration. Located 10' N of mag 6.6 SAO 165285.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7371 = H II-477 = h2180 on 28 Nov 1785 (sweep 479) and logged
"pB; pL; iR; lbM." JH
made 5 observations, first reporting it on 9 Sep 1825 (sweep 9) as "F; R;
1' diam; no other near."
******************************
NGC 7372 = MCG
+02-58-005 = CGCG 430-004 = PGC 69670
22 45 46.0 +11
07 51
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(8/20/88): faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W, slightly brighter core.
17.5"
(9/19/87): fairly faint, small, round, diffuse, very weakly concentrated
core. Located 4.6' SSW of mag 7.5
SAO 108159 that detracts from viewing.
Pair with NGC 7370 4.9' SSW and MCG +02-58-009 is 13' ENE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7372 = m 498, along with NGC 7370, on 7 Aug 1864 and noted
"F, S, irr R." His
position is accurate to within 1'.
******************************
NGC 7373 = CGCG
379-004 = PGC 69688
22 46 19.4 +03
12 36
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 160d
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, small, round, increases to bright core with a sharp
stellar nucleus.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7373 = m 499 on 11 Aug 1864 and noted "F, vS, bM, stellar." His RA is 12 seconds too small. Bigourdan measured an accurate position
on 16 Aug 1890.
******************************
NGC 7374 =
(R)NGC 7374A = MCG +02-58-007 = CGCG 430-006 = Holm 798a = PGC 69676
22 46 01.0 +10
51 13
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 177d
24"
(7/29/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, broad
weak concentration, ~30"x24".
Forms a close pair with virtually stellar IC 1452 [centers separated by
56"]. The companion was
faint, but extremely compact (core only seen), so has a high surface
brightness. On a later observation
(10/1/16), a very small halo (~6"-8") was visible using averted
vision only. This pair is is
situated on the southwest end of ZwCl 2247.3+1107 (distance ~360 million l.y). The core of the cluster contains NGC
7385 and 7386 and lies 1.2¡ NE.
17.5"
(8/20/88): faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W. Forms a close pair with IC 1452 = NGC 7374B just 1'
NNW. IC 1452 appeared very faint,
extremely small, round.
17.5"
(9/19/87): faint, small, round, a mag 14 star is 30" N. Forms a double system with IC 1452 =
CGCG 430-005 57" NNW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7374 = m 500 on 7 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, pL, R." Marth's position is less than 1'
north of CGCG 430-006 = PGC 69676. He missed the fainter companion (IC 1452)
that was discovered by Bigourdan.
******************************
NGC 7375 = MCG
+03-58-003 = CGCG 453-007 = PGC 69695
22 46 32.0 +21
05 01
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 60d
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, very small, slightly elongated ~E-W, very small or stellar
nucleus.
Truman Safford
discovered NGC 7375 = Sf 57 = Sw IV-86 on 1 Oct 1866 with the 18.5-inch
refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and recorded "vS, R, bM, N =
13m." Lewis Swift
independently rediscovered the galaxy on 2 Sep 1886. Swift's position is 12
seconds of RA west of CGCG 453-007 = PGC 69695 and his comment "forms
equilateral triangle with 2 st, one the brighter" applies . Swift is
credited with the discovery in the NGC.
Bigourdan measured an accurate position on 5 Oct 1888 (Comptes Rendus,
22 Jul 1901).
******************************
NGC 7376 = CGCG
379-006 = PGC 69715
22 47 17.4 +03
38 44
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 40d
17.5"
(8/31/86): very faint, small, round, diffuse. A mag 14 star is very close off the north edge 0.8' N of
center.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7376 = m 501 on 29 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, vS,
R." His position is 1' too
far south.
******************************
NGC 7377 = ESO
534-026 = MCG -04-53-038 = LGG 463-004 = PGC 69733
22 47 47.4 -22
18 38
V = 11.1; Size 3.0'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 101d
17.5"
(10/5/91): fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 1' diameter,
gradually increases to a small bright core. A group of stars lies south and mag 8.5 SAO 191412 is 11'
N.
8"
(9/25/81): faint, small, round, diffuse.
Two mag 9 stars 6' NNW and 10' N are aligned N-S.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7377 = H II-598 = h2181 on 13 Oct 1786 (sweep 609) and recorded
"pB, pL, iR, vgmbM." The
observation was "front view", bypassing the need for a
secondary. JH made three
additional observations.
******************************
NGC 7378 = MCG
-02-58-005 = PGC 69734
22 47 47.7 -11
49 00
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 175d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, large brighter
center. Located 3.6' WNW of mag
8.5 SAO 165304.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7378 = T III-1 = T IV-10 on 19 Sep 1879 and first reported it
the narrative part of his third paper (AN 2284). His micrometric position in AN 2347 is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7379 = UGC
12187 = MCG +07-46-018 = CGCG 531-013 = PGC 69724
22 47 33.0 +40
14 20
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 90d
17.5"
(7/28/92): faint, small, round, broad weak concentration. Collinear with two mag 13.5 stars
20" SE and 1.5' SE.
Previously observed UGC 12188 22'S.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7379 = St VIIIa-24 on 22 Sep 1876 and recorded "eeF; vS; R;
lbM." His micrometric
position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7380 =
Wizard Nebula = Sh 2-142 = LBN 511 = Ced 206 = Cr 452
22 47 21 +58 07
54
V = 7.2; Size 30'x20'
17.5"
(10/30/99): at 100x with an OIII and UHC filter appears as a bright
triangular-shaped nebulosity (Sh 2-142), 8'-10' diameter, superimposed on a
rich grouping of stars (NGC 7380) within a rich Milky Way field. The brightest mag 8.5 star (very
unequal double) is at the west vertex. Also a wide strip of nebulosity is
attached near the SE vertex and extends to the SW. A dark band appears to separate this strip from the
triangular patch. The surrounding region appears weakly nebulous and the
"edge" can be traced with some certainty further the north.
17.5"
(7/31/92): at 100x, about 40 stars in a 10' diameter. The brighter stars form a "V" or chevron
pattern. The brightest star is at
the west tip of the "V" and is an unequal double mag 8.6/13. The cluster appears to be encased in
nebulosity especially from the mag 8.6 star to the star at the east tip of the
"V". Using an OIII
filter the nebulosity is quite prominent with some structure and encases the
entire cluster. A lane of
nebulosity oriented SW-NE extends beyond the cluster from the star at the east
end of the "V" and nebulosity also extends west of the mag 8.6
star. The double star O·480 =
7.6/8.6 at 30" is in the field to the west.
13"
(10/26/80): ~30-35 stars in a triangular outline, 10'-12' in diameter but not
rich.
Caroline
Herschel discovered NGC 7380 = H VIII-77 = h2182 on 7 Aug 1787 with her
4.2" reflector. WH
rediscovered it on 1 Nov 1788 (sweep 876) as "a Cl of coarsely scattered
stars 7' or 8' diameter." His
position is accurate. JH called it
"a L, p rich, v coarse cl of stars 9.10 m and below." On a second sweep he noted "A
double star, the chief of a fine, p rich, L cluster, 10' dia; stars
9...13m."
******************************
NGC 7381 = ESO
603-017 = MCG -03-58-007a = PGC 69828
22 50 08.2 -19
43 30
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 123d
17.5"
(9/23/95): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 ~E-W, 40"x30",
very little concentration. Can
hold steadily with averted once identified.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7381 = LM I-258 on 9 Oct 1885 and recorded "eF;
vS; R; gbM." His rough
position (nearest min of RA) is 1 minutes of time too small and 2' of dec too
small.
******************************
NGC 7382 = ESO
406-015 = MCG -06-50-005 = PGC 69840
22 50 23.9 -36
51 26
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 109d
17.5"
(8/4/97): very faint, very elongated, ~1.0'x0.3', no concentration. View hampered by the low elevation in
the sky. Has an unusual appearance
as a mag 12 star is attached at the NW edge [0.6' from center] and the
elongated ghostly galaxy appears to hang from the star towards the SE!
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7382 = h3956 on 1 Sep 1834 and recorded "eF; vS; R:
appended (sf 45¡, dist 30") to a * 12m; place taken that of the
star."
******************************
NGC 7383 = MCG
+02-58-014 = CGCG 430-012 = WBL 688-001 = PGC 69809
22 49 35.6 +11
33 23
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9
24"
(7/30/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round,
25" diameter, gradually increases to center but no well defined core or
nucleus. Located 5.6' SW of NGC
7385, the brightest member of the group (WBL 688) of 6 NGC galaxies. PGC 69819 (misidentified as NGC 7385 in
the RNGC) lies 2.5' E. It appeared
very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter.
18"
(10/21/06): faint, small, irregularly round, ~25" diameter, very small
slightly brighter core. First in a
group of 6 NGC galaxies (brightest member NGC 7385) and PGC 69819, which lies
2.5' E.
PGC 69819,
identified as NGC 7384 in the RNGC, appeared extremely faint and small, round,
10" diameter.
17.5"
(7/4/86): faint, small, slightly elongated, brighter core. Located 5.6' SW of NGC 7385 in a group.
Bindon Stoney
discovered NGC 7383, along with NGC 7387 and 7389, on 27 Nov 1850 and labeled
it Beta on the diagram of the galaxy group. He placed it 5.5' southwest (PA = 235¡) of NGC 7385. In 1875 Dreyer called it "vF, vS,
R, south of 3 stars nearly in a line of which the middle one is in Pos 333.9¡
at 146.6"." Heinrich
d'Arrest independently discovered this galaxy on 19 Sep 1862 and measured an
accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7384
22 49 42.6 +11
29 15
V = 15.7
24"
(7/30/16): at 260x; continuously visible mag 15.7 star situated 4.5' SSE of NGC
7383. It forms the northern vertex
of a small triangle with a mag 11.7 star 1.0' SSW and a mag 14 star 40"
SE. RNGC and PGC misidentify PGC
69819 as NGC 7384. This galaxy,
situated 2.5' E of NGC 7383, appeared very faint, very small, round, 10"
diameter.
18"
(10/21/06): PGC 69819 is extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter,
requires averted to glimpse and faintest member of the NGC 7385 group.
17.5"
(7/4/86): PGC 69819 is extremely faint, very small, round. The faintest member of the NGC 7385
group is located 4.0' SW of NGC 7385 and 2.5' E of NGC 7383. This galaxy is identified as NGC 7384
in the RNGC and PGC although the number more likely applies to a faint star at
Lord Rosse's position.
Bindon Stoney
discovered NGC 7384 on 27 Nov 1850 in an observation of NGC 7385/7386
group. It was placed southeast of
NGC 7383 on the diagram of the cluster but not labeled. Offsets were measured four other
nebulae, but not to NGC 7384.
Dreyer's comment "5' nf 7383" in the NGC is incorrect.
RNGC, PGC and
SIMBAD misidentify PGC 69819 (due east of NGC 7383) as NGC 7384. Harold Corwin identifies NGC 7384 with
a star (position given here) about 5' southeast of NGC 7383, although there are
several other nearby stars that may as well be Stoney's star.
******************************
NGC 7385 = UGC
12207 = MCG +02-58-017 = CGCG 430-015 = WBL 688-002 = PGC 69824
22 49 54.7 +11
36 30
V = 12.0; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 36d
24"
(7/30/16): at 260x; moderately to fairly bright, slightly elongated SW-NE,
~1.3'x1.0', moderate concentration with a bright core that gradually increases
to the center. A mag 11.5 is just
off the NW edge, 1.0' from center.
Brightest in a group (WBL 688, the core of ZwCl 2247.3+1107 at roughly
360 million l.y.) with 6 NGC galaxies and numerous additional fainter
galaxies. Only slightly fainter
NGC 7386 is 5.8' NNE.
18"
(10/21/06): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE. Appears similar to NGC 7386, though
slightly larger and brighter. Contains
a bright, 25" core and a much fainter halo. A mag 10.8 star is just off the northwest side, 1' from the
center. Brightest in a compact
group of 7 galaxies (not rich enough to qualify as an Abell cluster).
17.5"
(7/4/86): moderately bright, broadly concentrated halo, small bright core,
slightly elongated ~N-S. A mag 11
star is 1.0' NW. Brightest in a
group with NGC 7383 5.6' SW, NGC 7384 ~5' SSW, NGC 7386 5.8' NNE, NGC 7387 5.9'
ENE, NGC 7389 5.9' ESE and NGC 7390 7.7' SE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7385 = H III-216 = h2183, along with III-217 = NGC 7386, on 18
Oct 1784 (sweep 297) and recorded both as "Two, vF, S, R, r, about 5'
distant from each other. The
position is that of the last or north following [NGC 7386]." On 23 Nov 1785 (sweep 476) he noted
"vF, pS, R, vlbM, not far south of a small star." JH made two
observations and recorded on sweep 304 "pB; R; 20"; has a *11m near. The preceding of two neb. The * by diagram is 1 radius of the neb
np its edge."
******************************
NGC 7386 = UGC
12209 = MCG +02-58-018 = CGCG 430-016 = WBL 688-003 = PGC 69825
22 50 02.2 +11
41 54
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 150d
24"
(7/30/16): at 260; moderately bright and large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, ~1.2'x0.8',
well concentrated with a bright, round 25" core. One of the two brightest galaxies in a group (WBL 688) with
NGC 7385 5.7' SSW.
18"
(10/21/06): fairly faint to moderately bright, irregularly round, outer extent
varies with averted vision though roughly 1.2'x1.0' diameter. Contains a brighter, 20" core
surrounded by a very low surface brightness halo that was difficult to
trace. NGC 7835 lies 5.8' SSW.
17.5"
(7/4/86): fairly faint, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, very small bright core. Located 5.8' NNE of NGC 7385 in a
galaxy group and appears as a slightly fainter version of NGC 7385.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7386 = H III-216 = h2184, along with III-216 = NGC 7385, on 18
Oct 1784 (sweep 297) and recorded both as "Two, vF, S, R, r, about 5'
distant from each other. The
position is that of the last or north following [NGC 7386]." On 23 Nov 1785 (sweep 476) he noted
"vF, pS, R, vlbM." JH
made two observations and recorded on sweep 304 "pB; S; R; pgbM."
******************************
NGC 7387 = MCG
+02-58-022 = CGCG 430-019 = WBL 688-005 = PGC 69834
22 50 17.6 +11
38 12
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 48d
24"
(7/30/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE,
25"x20", contains a very small bright nucleus. In a group (WBL 688) of 6 NGC galaxies
with NGC 7389 4.3' S, brighter NGC 7386 5.4' NW and brighter NGC 7385 5.9'
WSW. A wide pair of mag 10.5/11
stars lies 4' SE and the two stars "point" to the galaxy.
18"
(10/21/06): faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", very small
bright core. Collinear with a pair
of mag 10.5-11 stars (40" separation) that are located ~4' ESE. Similar distance from NGC 7386 5' NW
and NGC 7385 6' SW.
17.5"
(7/4/86): faint, very small, slightly elongated, gradually increases to a very
small bright core. Located 5.9'
ENE of NGC 7385 in a rich galaxy group.
NGC 7389 lies 4.2' S and NGC 7386 5.3' NW.
Bindon Stoney
discovered NGC 7387, along with NGC 7383 and 7389, on 27 Nov 1850 and labeled
it Delta on the diagram of the galaxy group. Stoney measured an offset of 5' 44"
east-northeast (PA = 73¡) from NGC 7385.
Heinrich d'Arrest independently discovered this galaxy on 19 Sep 1862,
measured an accurate position, and was credited with the discovery in the GC
(JH was confused with the identifications). Both LdR and d'Arrest are credited in the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7388
22 50 21.0 +11
42 39
V = 15.9; PA = 29d
24"
(7/30/16): at 260x; at the discovery position is a single 16th magnitude
star. It was visible as a very
faint star 4.7' ENE of NGC 7386 and 4.5' NNE of NGC 7387.
Lawrence
Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse, discovered NGC 7388 on 11 Oct 1873 in the NGC
7385 group. His micrometric
offsets from GC 4847 = NGC 7387 points precisely to a very faint star, whose
position is given here.
RNGC and SIMBAD
misidentifies PGC 69832 as NGC 7388.
This extremely faint galaxy is located just 1.5' north of Parsons' star
and was too faint to see in my observation of 4 Jul 1986. Malcolm Thomson discusses the
identification in his unpublished Catalogue Corrections as well as Harold
Corwin at the NGC/IC Project.
******************************
NGC 7389 = MCG
+02-58-019 = CGCG 430-018 = WBL 688-004 = PGC 69836
22 50 16.0 +11
33 58
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 144d
24"
(7/30/16): at 260x; fairly faint, oval NNW-SSE, 0.7'x0.5', broad concentration,
slightly brighter core gradually increases to the center. Member of the NGC 7385 Group = WBL 688
with NGC 7390 2.3' SSE, NGC 7387 4.3' N and NGC 7385 6' NW.
18"
(10/21/06): this member of the NGC 7385 group appeared faint, small, round,
30" diameter, broad concentration to a slightly brighter core. Located 6' SE of NGC 7385. NGC 7390 lies 2.3' SSE.
17.5"
(7/4/86): faint, very small, brighter core, slightly elongated. Located 5.9' ESE of NGC 7385 in a rich
galaxy group. Appears similar to
NGC 7387 4.2' N. Forms a close
pair with NGC 7390 2.3' SSE.
Bindon Stoney
discovered NGC 7389, along with NGC 7383 and 7384, on 27 Nov 1850. It is unlabeled on the diagram of the
galaxy group and not very accurately placed. JH apparently thought it was Delta
(NGC 7387), resulting in a poor position in the GC and NGC. Dreyer measured an offset and position
angle from NGC 7390 on 11 Oct 1873.
******************************
NGC 7390 = MCG
+02-58-020 = CGCG 430-020 = WBL 688-006 = PGC 69837
22 50 19.6 +11
31 52
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 3d
24"
(7/30/16): at 260x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 15" diameter,
fairly low even surface brightness.
Situated 3.3' NNW of mag 9.3 SAO 108210 and 2.3' SSE of NGC 7789 in the
NGC 7385 Group = WBL 688.
18"
(10/21/06): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low surface
brightness. Located 2.3' SSE of
NGC 7389 and furthest southeast of a compact group of galaxies (brightest
member NGC 7385).
17.5"
(7/4/86): very faint, very small, round, low even surface brightness. Located 7.7' SE of NGC 7385 in a rich,
compact galaxy group. Forms a
close pair with brighter NGC 7389 3.3' NNW.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7390 on 9 Sep 1856 while examining the NGC 7385 group. He noted, "the 2 last sf ones [NGC
7389 and 7390] are vvF". This
galaxy was misidentified as GC 4848 [NGC 7389] in the offsets measured on 11
Oct 1873. d'Arrest missed NGC 7390
when he observed the cluster. The
(estimated) NGC position is 3' too far north; a similar offset error occurred
with NGC 7389.
******************************
NGC 7391 = UGC
12211 = MCG +00-58-006 = CGCG 379-008 = PGC 69847
22 50 36.1 -01
32 37
V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 70d
17.5":
moderately bright, small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7391 = H II-443 = h2185 on 1 Oct 1785 (sweep 447) and recorded
"F, vS, stellar, about 1 1/2' south of small star." JH made two observations, first logging
it on 12 Sep 1830 as "pF; R; psbM; 50...70"; has a * np; pos by
micrometer = 350.3¡."
******************************
NGC 7392 = ESO
603-022 = MCG -04-53-040 = LGG 463-008 = PGC 69887
22 51 48.7 -20
36 26
V = 11.9; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 123d
17.5"
(10/24/92): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 1.4'x0.8',
moderately brighter core. Several
stars are near including a mag 10.5 star 4.5' N. A pair of mag 13/14 stars 1.6' N and 2.2' N are collinear
with NGC 7392 and finally a mag 12 star lies 2.6' ESE.
8"
(9/25/81): faint, small, slightly elongated.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7392 = H II-702 = h2186 on 11 Sep 1787 (sweep 754) and recorded
"pF, pL, E from np to sf but nearer the parallel, mbM, about 1 1/2'
long." JH made 3 observations
and on 3 Sep 1831 logged "not vF; lE; gbM; 60" l, 40" br."
******************************
NGC 7393 = Arp
15 = VV 68 = MCG -01-58-002 = PGC 69874
22 51 38.1 -05
33 26
V = 12.6; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 90d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, broad concentration.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7393 = H II-453 = h2187 on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 455) and recorded
"F, pL, E in the parallel [E-W], r." JH logged it as "eF; R; vgbM; sky dull." and
measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7394
22 50 11.8 +52
10 03
17.5"
(9/26/92): bright group of two dozen stars mag 9-13 in a 10' scattered
field. Very elongated in a string
NW-SE. Includes 10 stars mag 9-11
with a mag 7 star off the SSE and a similar star 10' NNE. This group is probably an
asterism. Listed as a nonexistent
cluster in the RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7394 = h2188 on 12 Sep 1829 and logged "A double star, the
last of a poor cluster of about a dozen stars." His position corresponds with this bright cluster or
asterism. Reinmuth calls it
"a few pB stars north preceding of BD+51¡3485." RNGC classifies the number as
nonexistent, despite the fact it is quite striking on the DSS.
******************************
NGC 7395 = UGC
12216 = MCG +06-50-006 = CGCG 515-008 = PGC 69861
22 51 02.9 +37
05 16
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.0
17.5"
(10/5/91): faint, small, round, weak concentration. A mag 13 star is off the NW edge 0.9' from center.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7395 = St V-8 on 21 Aug 1873 and recorded "eF; vS; R;
condensation in the centre."
His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7396 = UGC
12220 = MCG +00-58-007 = CGCG 379-010 = WBL 689-001 = PGC 69889
22 52 22.6 +01
05 33
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 103d
48"
(10/25/14): very bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 1.7'x0.8',
contains a very bright core that increases to an small, intense nucleus. An obvious dust lane extends along the
major axis for most of the length of the galaxy, passing just south of the
core. PGC 194158 lies 1.5' N
("faint, small, round, 15" diameter") and PGC 214871 is 3.2' SW
("fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter").
17.5"
(7/22/87): moderately bright, oval ~E-W, moderately large, brighter core. Brightest in a group of five or six
galaxies including NGC 7401 9.5' ENE, NGC 7402 11' ENE, NGC 7397 6.5' ENE and
NGC 7398 9.3' NE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7396 = h2189 on 12 Oct 1827 and recorded "pF; irreg R; bM;
60"; r." His mean
position from two observations is accurate. The four fainter NGC galaxies to the northeast were
discovered at Birr Castle in 1856-57.
******************************
NGC 7397 = MCG
+00-58-008 = CGCG 379-011 = PGC 69904
22 52 46.7 +01
07 58
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 30d
17.5"
(7/22/87): faint, very small, elongated NW-SE, brighter core. Located 6.5' ENE of NGC 7396 in a group
with NGC 7398 4.2' N, NGC 7401 3.0' ENE and NGC 7402 4.5' ENE.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7397, along with NGC 7401 and 7398, while observing NGC 7396 at
Birr Castel on 2 Oct 1856. He
noted "about 5' nf [of NGC 7396] is another neb, pF, S, R, bM and
f[ollowing] the latter are 2 vF, S, R neb knots." A sketch was made on 23 Oct 1857 and
NGC 7397 was labeled "C".
On 22 Dec 1876, Dreyer measured micrometric offsets to NGC 7397 from a
mag 12 star 3.8' northeast of NGC 7396.
******************************
NGC 7398 = UGC
12225 = MCG +00-58-009 = CGCG 379-012 = PGC 69905
22 52 49.3 +01
12 04
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 75d
17.5" (8/21/87):
fairly faint, small, small bright core.
17.5"
(7/22/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, stellar nucleus. Located 4.2' N of NGC 7397 and 9.3' NE
of NGC 7396 in a group.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7398, along with NGC 7397 and 7401, while observing NGC 7396 at
Birr Castle on 2 Oct 1856. A
sketch was made on 23 Oct 1857 and NGC 7398 was labeled "B". On 22 Oct 1876, Dreyer measured
micrometric offsets to NGC 7398 from a mag 12 star 3.8' northeast of NGC 7396.
******************************
NGC 7399 = MCG
-02-58-006 = PGC 69902
22 52 39.3 -09
16 04
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150d
17.5"
(8/7/91): faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, bright core. A mag 13 star is 1.1' N.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7399 = Sw II-93 on 15 Nov 1884 and recorded "eF; pL;
mistaken for Barnard's Comet 1884 II." There is nothing at his position, but 22 seconds of RA west
and 1' south is MCG -02-58-006 = PGC 69902. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position at the Chamberlin
Observatory in Denver in 1898-99 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7400 = ESO
290-022 = AM 2251-453 = PGC 69967
22 54 20.8 -45
20 49
V = 12.8; Size 2.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 2d
30" (10/15/15
- OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 7:2 N-S,
1.5'x0.4', broad weak concentration.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7400 = h3957 on 6 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; lE; glbM. Query if it has not a vS *
involved." His Cape position
is very accurate, though an error was made and the position in the GC (copied
into the NGC) is 30 seconds of time too small.
******************************
NGC 7401 = MCG
+00-58-010 = CGCG 379-013 = PGC 69911
22 52 58.5 +01
08 33
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 90d
17.5"
(8/27/87): extremely faint, very small, round, weak concentration. Forms a close pair with NGC 7402 1.5'
E. Located in a group 3.0' ENE of
NGC 7397 and 9.5' ENE of brightest member NGC 7396. Identification reversed with NGC 7402 in the RNGC and not
identified as NGC 7401 in the CGCG.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7401, along with NGC 7397 and 7398, while observing NGC 7396 at
Birr Castle on 2 Oct 1856. A
sketch was made on 23 Oct 1857 and NGC 7401 was labeled "D", along
with a companion just following that was labeled as "E" (NGC
7402). The sketch identifies NGC
7401 = CGCG 379-013 (described here) and NGC 7402 = PGC 69914.
MCG, RC3 and
DSFG all mislabel NGC 7401 as NGC 7402.
CGCG doesn't attach a NGC designation to CGCG 379-013. RNGC and the first edition of the Deep
Sky Field Guide reverse the identifications of NGC 7401 and 7402. The correct identifications are sorted
out in my RNGC Corrections #2.
******************************
NGC 7402 = PGC
69914
22 53 04.5 +01
08 40
Size
0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 50d
17.5"
(8/27/87): extremely faint and small, round, at visual threshold. Forms a difficult pair with NGC 7401
1.5' W and last in a group. Forms
a near equilateral triangle with NGC 7398 5' NE and NGC 7397 4.5' W. Appears just nonstellar on the POSS.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7402 with LdR's 72" at Birr Castle on 23 Oct 1857. This object is labeled "E" on
the sketch and is shown on a line with "C" [NGC 7397] and
"D" [NGC 7401]. Mitchell
noted, however, "E is doubtful and needs confirmation." Because of this comment, JH didn't
assign a GC designation but Dreyer added it in the NGC. Mitchell's sketch matches the position
and orientation of PGC 69914.
The galaxy
identified as NGC 7402 in RNGC, MCG, PGC and RC3 is NGC 7401. NGC 7401 is the brighter of the close
pair and is close west of NGC 7402.
See NGC 7401 and my RNGC Corrections #2.
******************************
NGC 7403
22 53 06.4 +01
28 56
=*, Corwin. =IC 1455?, Burnham.
Sidney Coolidge
discovered NGC 7403 = HN 22 on 15 Nov 1859 with the 15-inch refractor of
Harvard College Observatory during the Zone Survey of equatorial stars. It was simply noted as "slightly
nebulous" with a rough position (measured in 1 of 2 zones) so JH didn't
include this discovery in the GC but Dreyer added it as GCS 6092. A mag 13.4 star is close to Coolidge's
position at 22 53 06.4 +01 28 57 (J2000), which Harold Corwin equates with NGC
7403. All 9 of Coolidge's
discoveries are stars (single or multiple).
In searching for
this object, Sherburne Burnham found a nearby galaxy that he felt was probably
NGC 7403. Dreyer catalogued it as
IC 1455 (also observed by Spitaler).
This galaxy is 40 sec of RA west of Coolidge's rough position and 6.6'
north.
******************************
NGC 7404 = ESO
346-010 = MCG -07-47-001 = IC 5260: = PGC 69964
22 54 19.0 -39
18 50
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2d
18"
(10/25/08): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 N-S, 0.4'x0.25', very small
brighter core. Located 22' NNW of
the bright edge-on NGC 7410 and 11' NE of mag 7.3 HD 216443.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7404 = h3958 on 4 Oct 1836 and recorded "vF; S; R;
15"." His position
matches ESO 346-010 = PGC 69964.
Lewis Swift possibly rediscovered this galaxy on 19 Jul 1897 and
recorded Sw XII-41 (later IC 5260) as "eeF; pS; R; 9m star nr sp; ee
dif." Swift's position is two
degrees south of this galaxy and 0.3 min of RA east but the comment of the mag
9 star south-preceding applies. IC
5260 may also be a reobservation of NGC 7421, which is 2.3 min of RA due east
of his position and has a mag 10.9 star to its southwest.
******************************
NGC 7405
22 53 36 +12 28
36
=Not found,
Corwin.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7405 = m 502 on 5 Sep 1864 and noted "eF, S, R." There is nothing near his position and
Harold Corwin was unable to recover this object. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7406 = MCG
-01-58-003 = PGC 69947
22 53 56.2 -06
34 45
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 75d
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, small, oval 2:1 WSW-ENE, even surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is off the WSW end 1.8'
from center.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7406 = m 503 on 25 Aug 1864 and noted "F, S, lE." His position is 1' north of PGC 69947.
******************************
NGC 7407 = UGC
12230 = MCG +05-54-002 = CGCG 495-042 = CGCG 496-005 = PGC 69922
22 53 21.1 +32
07 46
V = 13.2; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 152d
18"
(9/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.3', very
weak concentration, no core or zones.
A 20' string of
faint galaxies oriented N-S follows, including UGC 12238 14' NE (closest). All the galaxies in the nearby string,
including NGC 7407, have identical redshifts of z = .022, so are members of the
same group or cluster within the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster.
17.5"
(9/2/89): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NNW-SSE, almost even surface
brightness.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7407 = St V-9 on 13 Sep 1873 and recorded "eF; vS;
vaporous." His micrometric
position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7408 = ESO
109-026 = LGG 462-007 = PGC 70037
22 55 56.9 -63
41 41
V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 167d
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright, fairly large, irregularly
round, ~1.25'x1.0'. There is a hint of a central bar ~N-S, but no well-defined
core. The outer halo has an
irregular surface brightness with a hint of structure and extends further on
the east side.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7408 = h3959 on 1 Nov 1834 and recorded "pB; R; vglbM;
40"." His position is
accurate. Donald Menzel
misclassified this galaxy as a planetary in "Five New Planetary
Nebula", Harvard Bulletin 772, 1922.
******************************
NGC 7409 = CGCG
453-018 = PGC 69939
22 53 48.1 +20
12 37
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 162d
17.5"
(9/2/89): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 13 star 1.2' NW.
Located 11' WSW NGC 7411 in a group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7409 = m 504, along with NGC 7411 and 7415, on 20 Sep 1863 and
simply noted "eF". His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7410 = ESO
346-012 = MCG -07-47-002 = PGC 69994
22 55 00.7 -39
39 42
V = 10.3; Size 5.2'x1.6'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 45d
18"
(10/25/08): bright, large, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, ~3.0'x0.9'. Contains a bright, round core ~25"
diameter, which gradually increases to a very bright nucleus. At moments a stellar nucleus was
visible that appeared offset to the southwest of center. The surface appears irregular or
mottled. NGC 7404 lies 23' NNW.
17.5"
(10/20/90): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, well concentrated
to a small very bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 12 star is 1.8' NNE of center. Appears bright for such a far southern
galaxy (observed from +38¡ latitude).
8"
(7/16/82): faint, moderately large, very elongated SW-NE.
James Dunlop
discovered NGC 7410 = D 518 = h3960 on 14 July 1826 and recorded "a very
faint nebula extended preceding and following, about 1.5' long and 20 or 25
arcseconds broad; a little brighter in the middle, or rather nearer the N.p.
extremity; the S.f. extremity is very ill defined." His position is 11' due east of the
galaxy. JH first observed this
galaxy on 4 Sep 1834 and logged "B, pL, vmE in pos 41.9 degrees, pgmbM, 3'
long, 20" broad, has a star 11m, 2' dist, pos from nucleus
12.9¡." On a later sweep he
wrote "a long pB ray, 4' long, psvmbM, elongated in pos 44.7¡." His mean position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7411 = UGC
12241 = MCG +03-58-010 = CGCG 453-020 = PGC 69974
22 54 34.9 +20
14 10
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
18"
(10/29/11): at 283x, faint to fairly faint, fairly small, round, gradually
increases to a small bright core and stellar nucleus, ~25" diameter. Located 2.3' SE of a mag 10.7 star and
6' S of BU 847, an attractive pair of mag 9/10 stars at 7"
separation. NGC 7415 lies 4.5'
ENE.
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, very small, round, bright core. Brightest of trio with NGC 7415 5' ENE and NGC 7409 11'
WSW. A pretty double star is 6' N.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7411 = m 505, along with NGC 7409 and 7415, on 13 Sep 1863 and
noted "vF, vS." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7412 = ESO
290-024 = MCG -07-47-004 = LGG 464-001 = PGC 70027
22 55 45.5 -42
38 30
V = 11.3; Size 3.9'x2.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 65d
13.1"
(9/3/86): faint, fairly large, very diffuse, elongated ~N-S. Located 6' SSW of mag 7.3 SAO 231361.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7412 = h3961 on 2 Sep 1836 and recorded "eF; vL; 3' diam at
least; it is south-preceding a star 7m, 8' dist."
******************************
NGC 7413 = MCG
+02-58-035 = CGCG 430-029 = PGC 69997
22 55 03.1 +13
13 14
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 81d
18"
(10/25/08): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. A string of stars
extends SW. A very faint galaxy
(PGC 70008) 5.4' ENE that is identified as NGC 7414 in the RNGC was not seen.
17.5"
(9/19/87): faint, extremely small, round, weak concentration. Several fairly bright stars lie SW
including a mag 10 star 3.8' SW and a mag 11 star 6.1' SW.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7413 = Sw IV-87, along with NGC 7414, on 2 Sep 1886 and recorded
""eeF; pS; R; e diff.; 8 or 10 stars in an irregular line p; s of 2
[with NGC 7414]." His RA is
15 seconds too small, but his comment of the string of stars applies to the
loose string of stars extending southwest. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in
1998-99. See NGC 7414.
******************************
NGC 7414 = PGC
70008 = PGC 94273
22 55 24.4 +13
14 54
V = 16.0; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 171d
18"
(8/12/10): extremely faint, very small, irregularly round ~15"x12",
required averted vision and visible at most 25% of the time but could
repeatedly glimpse in the same position once the location was pinpointed. Based on the difficulty of this object
in superb conditions, I feel this galaxy was probably too faint to have been
discovered by Swift with his 16" refractor.
18"
(11/22/08): Not seen at 175x or 283x.
18"
(10/25/08): Not seen at 175x or 283x.
17.5"
(9/2/89): Not seen at 220x.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7414 = Sw IV-88, along with NGC 7413, on 2 Sept 1886 and
recorded "eeeF; S; R; eee diff; n of 2 [with NGC 7413]." His RA is listed as the same as NGC
7413, which is 15 seconds too small, and 2.5' to the north.
There is nothing
near Swift's published position for NGC 7414 or after correcting for the offset
in RA for NGC 7413. The RNGC
identifies PGC 70008 = PGC 94273 as NGC 7414. This galaxy is located 1.7' north, but 21 seconds of RA
further east. Harold Corwin feels
the RNGC candidate is a plausible identification, but I'm skeptical based on
how faint it appeared in my 18".
So, NGC 7414 may be nonexistent (perhaps a faint star). See Harold Corwin's identification
notes.
******************************
NGC 7415 = UGC
12244 = MCG +03-58-012 = MCG +03-58-011= CGCG 453-023 = PGC 69985 = PGC 69984
22 54 53.6 +20
15 42
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.2'; PA = 128d
28"
(10/29/11): at 295x, resolved into two tangent glows oriented E-W,
~0.6'x0.3'. It seemed the western
component (MCG +03-58-011) was slightly brighter. At 394x, the eastern component (UGC 12244) was elongated
NW-SE, perhaps 0.4'x0.2'. UGC
12244 is identified as NGC 7415 in most sources, though the NGC number should
probably apply to the double system.
18"
(10/29/11): at 283x, appeared very faint, small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE,
0.4'x0.2'. I suspected the glow
was double but couldn't confidently resolve this close pair so the description
likely refers to the combined glow.
Located 4.5' ENE of brighter NGC 7411 and 5.7' SE of
17.5"
(9/2/89): extremely faint, small, edge-on NW-SE. Located 5' ENE of NGC 7411.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7415 = m 506, along with NGC 7409 and 7411, on 13 Sep 1863 and
simply noted "eF". His
position is fairly accurate. The
MCG identifies MCG +03-58-011, the western component, as NGC 7415. Other sources identify the eastern
edge-on component as NGC 7415, but the number should probably apply to the
entire double system as Marth didn't resolve the pair and they are pretty comparable
in brightness.
******************************
NGC 7416 = MCG
-01-58-004 = PGC 70025
22 55 41.7 -05
29 43
V = 12.4; Size 3.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 110d
17.5"
(10/12/85): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, broad concentration. On a line with a mag 9.5 star 6' SSW
and mag 7.7 SAO 146389 12.5' SSW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7416 = m 507 = Sf 86 on 25 Aug 1864 and noted" F, pL, pmE,
vgbM." His position is
accurate. Aaron Skinner, assistant to Truman Safford at the Dearborn
Observatory, independently rediscovered this galaxy on 21 Sep 1867 with the
18.5-inch Clark Refractor.
******************************
NGC 7417 = ESO
109-028 = LGG 462-008 = PGC 70113
22 57 49.5 -65
02 19
V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 2d
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 N-S,
~1.4'x1.0', well concentrated with a bright core that increases to a stellar
nucleus. Brightest in a group
including IC 5266 6.4' SSE, IC 5272 14' SE and PGC 127682 11' S. Mag 9.5 HD 216941 lies 6.5' NE and
similar star is 10' E. These
galaxies and stars just fit in the 20' field.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7417 = h3962 on 20 Jul 1835 and recorded "B; R; gpmbM; r;
40"." His mean position
(2 observations) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7418 = ESO
406-025 = MCG -06-50-013 = LGG 466-006 = PGC 70069
22 56 36.2 -37
01 48
V = 10.9; Size 3.5'x2.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 139d
18"
(10/25/08): fairly bright, very large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 2.5'x1.8', broad
weak concentration. The halo fades
into the background without a well-defined edge. This is the largest galaxy visually in the Grus Chain
(brightest member IC 1459).
13.1" (10/20/84):
fairly large, very diffuse, even surface brightness. Larger than NGC 7421 19'
SSE.
8"
(7/16/82): very faint, fairly large, round, diffuse.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7418 = h3963 on 30 Aug 1834 and recorded "pB; vL; R; or
vlE; vgbM; 4' diam; with left eye r, hardly resolved, PD bad. A fine object."
******************************
NGC 7419 = Cr
453 = Lund 1024 = OCL-250
22 54 20.1 +60
48 55
Size 2'
18"
(8/17/04): at 160x this is a small group of 25-30 stars down to mag 15,
elongated 3'x1' NW-SE. Located ~3'
SE of a mag 8 star. The brightest
mag 9.5 star is at the NE tip of the cluster and the fairly rich cluster
follows to the SE. A faint pair is
near the center of the group
13.1"
(8/25/84): about a dozen faint stars are visible over unresolved haze with a
mag 9.5 star at the NW edge.
Appears to be a rich group.
Mag 8.2 SAO 20306 is just off the NW edge. About 12' NW is the double star ·2953 = 7.8/9.8 at 8".
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7419 = H VII-43 = h2190 on 3 Nov 1787 (sweep 773) and recorded
"a small cluster of vS stars, considerably compressed and pretty
rich." His position is
accurate. On 29 Sep 1829 (sweep
213), JH logged "a *10m in a cluster of vS stars 15...18m; p rich;
vgbM. A star 8m is 2' S."
******************************
NGC 7420 = MCG
+05-54-018 = CGCG 496-023 = PGC 70017
22 55 32.0 +29
48 18
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5"
(7/17/93): very faint, small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 0.7'x0.5', faint stellar
nucleus or star superimposed.
Located between a mag 9.0 SAO 90876 4.6' WNW and a mag 10.5 star 4.1'
ESE. Several faint stars that
confuses the observation are near south.
These include a close mag 14 pair at 9" separation.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7420 = m 508 on 6 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, S." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7421 = ESO
346-017 = MCG -06-50-015 = AM 2254-373 = LGG 466-004 = PGC 70083
22 56 54.3 -37
20 50
V = 11.9; Size 2.0'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.2
18"
(10/25/08): fairly faint, moderately large, ~1.5' diameter, diffuse with only a
very weak concentration. At
moments I had the impression of an elongated brightening or bar in the central
region. Located near the southern
end of the Grus Chain of 9 galaxies with NGC 7418 20' NNW and IC 1459 53' N.
13.1"
(10/20/84): very faint, very diffuse, moderately large. Located 20' SSE of NGC 7418.
8"
(8/16/82): extremely faint, small, round, at visual threshold.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7421 = h3964 on 30 Aug 1834 and recorded "B; L; R; gpmbM;
2'; r[esolvable] with right eye; with left, barely resolved in the
centre." His mean position (3
measures) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7422 = UGC
12254 = MCG +01-58-013 = PGC 70048
22 56 12.5 +03
55 36
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 140d
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak concentration. Located 21' WNW of mag 6.3 SAO
127860. Observation in poor
seeing.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7422 = m 509 = Sf 93 on 11 Aug 1864 and noted "F, S, irr
R." His position is
accurate. Otto Struve
independently discovered this galaxy on 6 Dec 1865 at the Pulkovo Observatory
in St Petersburg (in an unsuccessful search for Comet Biela), by d'Arrest on 29
Sep 1866 and by Safford with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at Dearborn
Observatory on 27 Sep 1867! So,
this object was "discovered" 4 times, which along with NGC 1360 and
NGC 6364, is the most of any NGC entry.
Dreyer credited Struve and d'Arrest in the GC Supplement and Marth,
Struve and d'Arrest in the NGC.
Safford's observation was not published until 1887, a bit too late to be
noticed when Dreyer compiled the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7423 = Be 57
= OCL-246 = Lund 1026
22 55 09 +57 05
49
Size 5'
18" (9/24/05):
at 225x, this cluster appears as a small, rich, glowing spot 2' in diameter,
peppered with roughly a dozen mag 14-15 stars, several of which are just on the
edge of visibility. Set within a
rich low power Milky Way star field, although noticed immediately at 115x. A wide pair of mag 11 stars is just off
the SW side. At 435x, the faint
resolved stars are easier to view, although the background glow fades. Planetary nebula M 1-80 is just 10'
ENE. M 1-80 was easily picked up
by blinking at 160x with an OIII filter, although appears slightly soft at this
power unfiltered. Excellent view
at 538x unfiltered as a slightly irregular small disc, ~4" diameter. Situated ~40" W of a mag 11
star. A very close pair of mag
14.5-15 stars follows the mag 11 star and a brighter double is close north.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7423 = H III-745 = h2191 on 1 Nov 1788 (sweep 876) and noted
"pL, irr figure, easily resolvable, or a very distant patch of the milky
way." His RA is 50 seconds too large. JH recorded "A large patch of the milky way, consisting
of stars so small as to be quite nebulous. If this be not III 745, I find no other." Dreyer used JH's position in the NGC
but commented in his 1912 "Scientific Papers of William Herschel"
that William's and John's positions differ by about 1 tmin, so the two entries
may refer to different objects.
RNGC lists the number as nonexistent, though the cluster is also
catalogued as Berkeley 57. See
Corwin's notes for discussion.
******************************
NGC 7424 = ESO
346-019 = MCG -07-47-008 = PGC 70096
22 57 18.5 -41
04 14
V = 10.5; Size 9.5'x8.1'; Surf Br = 15.1; PA = 88d
13.1"
(9/3/86): very diffuse, hazy, fairly large, round, weak concentration. Located 16' E of mag 6.8 SAO 231360.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7424 = h3965 on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded "F; vL; R; vgmbM;
3' diam." His position is
accurate. This loose face-on
spiral might show structure in the southern hemisphere.
******************************
NGC 7425 = MCG
-02-58-013 = PGC 70097
22 57 15.5 -10
57 00
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 60d
17.5"
(9/23/95): faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, very weak
concentration. Located just south
of three mag 14 stars (closest is 1.9' NNE of center).
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7425 = LM I-259 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.5, lE? 90¡, *10 in PA
260¡ [ESE] at 4.0' separation."
His rough RA (nearest min of time) is 30 seconds too small and the star
is 13-14th magnitude. Herbert Howe
measured an accurate position in 1898-99 with the 20" refractor at Denver
(repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7426 = UGC
12256 = MCG +06-50-012 = CGCG 515-012 = PGC 70042
22 56 02.9 +36
21 41
V = 12.3; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 72d
17.5"
(6/15/91): fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak concentration, faint stellar
nucleus. Observation slightly
hampered by the bright wide double star h975 = 5.6/9.5 at 50" located 3.5'
W!
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7426 = H III-576 = h2192 on 18 Oct 1786 (sweep 617) and recorded
"vF, S, iR, stellar." JH
made two observation, first noting "eF; pL; R; a coarse double star 6m (HJ
975) precedes a little to south.
Hurried observation."
******************************
NGC 7427 = MCG
+01-58-016 = CGCG 405-018 = Mrk 521 = PGC 70091
22 57 09.9 +08
30 20
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3
17.5"
(8/27/87): faint, small, round, small bright core. Visible steadily with direct vision.
17.5"
(8/21/87): very faint, extremely small, round A mag 10.5 star is 4.2' S. Located 34' SE of 50 Pegasi (V = 4.9).
Otto Struve
discovered NGC 7427 on 22 Nov 1865 with the 15-inch refractor at Pulkovo
Observatory at St. Petersburg while unsuccessfully searching for Comet Biela.
Struve's position is 2.5' south of MCG +01-58-016, though he correctly placed a
mag 11.5 star 4' from NGC 7427 in PA 172¡.
******************************
NGC 7428 = UGC
12262 = MCG +00-58-014 = CGCG 379-016 = PGC 70098
22 57 19.5 -01
02 56
V = 12.5; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 160d
17.5"
(7/22/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, small bright
core. NGC 7434 lies 17.5' ESE.
13"
(11/29/86): fairly faint, fairly small, almost round, small bright core.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7428 = m 510, along with NGC 7434, on 27 Jul 1864 and noted
"F, vS, R, bM." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7429 =
OCL-249 = Lund 1027
22 56 00 +59 58
24
Size 14'
17.5"
(11/18/95): scattered group of 18 stars in a 6'x2' group elongated
NNW-SSE. Includes 8 mag 9.5-12
stars and the rest are mag 13-15.
There are no rich spots and most stars are scattered around the
elongated irregular outline. The
brightest two mag 9.5 stars are located near the center (SAO 34961) and at the
SE end (SAO 34971). Located about
8' W of a mag 7.3 SAO 34988.
Appears to be an asterism although listed in Lynga 5.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7429 = h2193 on 29 Sep 1829 and recorded "VIII class;
pretty compact, poor cluster; stars 9...11m." His position corresponds
with the center of 6' group of 12 brighter stars (mag 9.4-13.3).
******************************
NGC 7430 = MCG
+01-58-017 = CGCG 405-019 = PGC 70106
22 57 29.7 +08
47 39
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 60d
17.5"
(8/21/87): very faint, very small, round, brighter core. A faint star is very close south. Located 32' E of 50 Pegasi (V = 4.9).
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7430 on 27 Aug 1864 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. His position (measured
on 2 nights) is an exact match with CGCG 405-019 = PGC 70106 and he mentioned
the faint double star just over 1' south.
******************************
NGC 7431 = LEDA
1765321
22 57 38.9 +26
09 51
V = 16.0; Size 0.2'x0.2'
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; this object consists of a mag 15 star with a very small
galaxy attached on the east side.
A low surface brightness, round glow extended ~10" diameter. The star and the center of the galaxy
are separated by only 5"!
Located 4.3' WNW of NGC 7436 in a group.
17.5"
(8/25/95): with direct vision appears as a mag 14.5 star with no noticeable
halo. With averted vision, an
extremely small halo is sometimes visible, perhaps 10" in diameter. Located 4.3' WNW of NGC 7436 and
faintest in a group of four galaxies.
A mag 14.5 star is 1.4' SW.
On the DSS the galaxy is virtually stellar with the star attached on the
west edge. The galaxy identified as
NGC 7431in the RNGC, UGC (notes) and CGCG is CGCG 475-006 (possibly NGC 7433),
located 1.5' NW of NGC 7436 and not seen in this observation though was not
difficult in my 24".
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7431 = Big. 92 on 30 Sep 1886 and noted "eF and
eS." His micrometric position
is 19 seconds of time preceding NGC 7436 and 55" north. Precisely at this separation is faint
star with an extremely faint galaxy (PGC 1765321) attached on the east
side. It's very possible Bigourdan
noticed the star only, as the galaxy is quite faint, but mistakenly thought it
was a nebula. RNGC, CGCG, UGC
(notes to NGC 7436) and PGC all misidentify NGC 7433 = CGCG 475-006 = PGC 70112
as NGC 7431.
On 12 Oct 1855,
R.J. Mitchell discovered the galaxy (CGCG 475-006) that RNGC, CGCG and UGC
misidentify as NGC 7431. Although
clearly shown on the sketch, the 29 Sept 1875 observation states "the
object preceding in the 1857 sketch is a faint star, night bad." Because of this last statement, Thomson
feels Dreyer decided not to include this object in the NGC but Corwin and
Steinicke identify CGCG 475-006 = NGC 7433 and remove the companion jutting out
of the west side of NGC. Malcolm
Thomson discusses this case in detail in the Dec 1989 Webb Society Quarterly
Journal and his unpublished "Catalogue Corrections."
******************************
NGC 7432 = UGC
12268 = MCG +02-58-040 = CGCG 430-033 = PGC 70129
22 58 01.9 +13
08 04
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 40d
17.5"
(9/19/87): fairly faint, very small, strong bright core, slightly
elongated. A mag 13 star is 1.6' E
of center and a pair of mag 12/13 stars at 21" separation is 2' ESE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7432 = H III-465 = h2194 on 23 Nov 1785 (sweep 476) and recorded
"eF, S, irregular. 240 showed
the same." JH made three
observations and logged (sweep 304), "eF; S; R; precedes a near double
star 5 seconds."
******************************
NGC 7433 = MCG
+04-54-003 = CGCG 475-006 = WBL 692-002 = PGC 70112
22 57 51.7 +26
09 44
V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.25'; PA = 47d
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE,
35"x14", brighter nucleus. Located 1.5' NW of NGC 7436 in a
group. A mag 14.3 star is 0.4' S.
24"
(7/20/12): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 24"x8". A mag 14.3 star is just 24" S of
center. Located in the core of the
NGC 7436 group, just 1.5' NW of NGC 7436.
The historical
identification of NGC 7433 is ambiguous (see notes), but this galaxy is misidentified
as NGC 7431 (which is 2.9' W) in CGCG, UGC, PGC, U2000 and Megastar.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7433, along with NGC 7435, on 12 Oct 1855 while examining the
field of NGC 7436 at Birr Castle.
This galaxy was clearly shown on the diagram and sketch showing 4
galaxies (including the companion of NGC 7436). Nevertheless, there are only three entries in the GC and
NGC. The reason is probably
Dreyer's 1875 observation that noted "The object preceding in the diagram
from 1857 is a faint star. Night
bad". The question remains
which object Dreyer intended to exclude in the NGC -- CGCG 475-006 (the galaxy
generally associated with NGC 7433) or the companion at the west edge of NGC
7436?
Malcolm Thomson
gives a detailed analysis of the identifications of NGC 7433 and 7435 in his
Catalogue Corrections and concludes Dreyer rejected CGCG 475-006 so that NGC
7433 refers to the galaxy the western component of NGC 7436. On the other hand,
Harold Corwin supports the view NGC 7436W was rejected by Dreyer and NGC 7433 =
CGCG 475-006. This latter
identification is used in NED and Steinicke and adopted here, though Thomson's
argument is very persuasive.
******************************
NGC 7434 = MCG
+00-58-016 = CGCG 379-017 = PGC 70145
22 58 21.5 -01
11 02
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5"
(7/22/87): very faint, extremely small, round, about 10" diameter. Located 17.5' SE of NGC 7428.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7434 = m 511, along with NGC 7428, on 27 Jul 1864 and noted
"vF, vS, R, stellar."
His position is 1' too far north.
******************************
NGC 7435 = UGC
12267 = MCG +04-54-004 = CGCG 475-007 = Holm 800a = WBL 692-003 = PGC 70116
22 57 54.6 +26
08 20
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 132d
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE,
30"x12", small brighter nucleus. A mag 15 star is on the NNW end [17" from center]. Situated 0.9' SW of NGC 7436 in the
center of the cluster.
24"
(7/20/12): faint or fairly faint, small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE,
24"x8". A mag 15 star is
attached at the NNW tip. This close companion to NGC 7436 is situated just 1.0'
SW of center.
17.5"
(8/25/95): very faint, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.2', no
concentration. A mag 15 star is at
the NNW end. In a tight group just
1.0' SW of NGC 7436.
17.5"
(9/2/89): very faint, very elongated NW-SE. A mag 15 star is attached at the NNW end 17" from
center. Located 1.0' SW of NGC
7436 in a group.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7435, along with NGC 7433, on 12 Oct 1855 while examining the
field of NGC 7436 at Birr Castle.
The identification is certain based on the diagram and sketch in Plate
V, including a star close northwest. The NGC position is 1' due south, instead
of southwest of NGC 7436. Heinrich
d'Arrest also measured the position twice in September 1865, although Dreyer
only credited d'Arrest's observation of NGC 7433.
******************************
NGC 7436 = VV
84a = (R)NGC 7436B = UGC 12269 = MCG +04-54-006 = CGCG 475-008e = Holm 800b =
WBL 692-004 = PGC 70124
22 57 57.5 +26
09 00
V = 13.0; Size 2.0'x2.0'
48"
(10/26/16): brightest of a total of 8 galaxies observed within 4'. At 610x; bright, moderately large,
round, sharply concentrated with a very bright small core, increasing to a
stellar nucleus. The halo has a
much lower surface brightness and contains NGC 7436B, which pokes out of the
halo on the west side. The contact
companion appeared moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 E-W,
24"x8", very small bright nucleus.
24"
(7/20/12): brightest and central galaxy in a group with three extremely close
companions. At 325x appeared
moderately bright and large, round, ~1' diameter. Sharply concentrated and dominated by a very bright small
core. The halo has a low surface
brightness and gradually fades out, but seems to encompass NGC 7436B = VV 84b,
which appeared as a faint or fairly faint thin spike, ~22"x8",
emerging from the halo and extending west. NGC 7435 is just 57" SW and NGC 7433 is 1.5' NW. Also nearby are MCG +04-54-007 2.4' S,
PGC 1766408 3.4' NW, NGC 7431 4.2' WNW and PGC 1768375 is 5.7' NNW.
MCG +04-54-007
is extremely faint or very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 16.1 star lies 20" E. PGC 1766408 is extremely faint, very
small, irregularly round, 15"x12". PGC 1768375 is extremely faint and small, round, 9"
diameter. Collinear with a mag 15
star 0.7' NE and a mag 13 star 1.2' NE.
17.5"
(8/25/95): brightest in a tight group of four galaxies including NGC 7431, NGC
7433 and NGC 7435. Fairly faint,
small, round, 1.2' diameter. Well
concentrated with a small, bright core.
The view is confused by a companion, which is partially superimposed on
the west side of the halo and creates the impression of elongation E-W. A mag 15 star is 50" SW and a mag
14.5 star 1.3' WNW.
17.5"
(9/2/89): brightest in a group, faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, bright
core. Forms a double system with
NGC 7433 attached at the west end.
In a group with NGC 7435 1.0' SW, NGC 7431 2' NW (not seen). Located 15' E of mag 8.9 SAO 90886.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7436 = H III-243 = h2195 on 2 Dec 1784 (only object in sweep
327) and recorded "vF, S, er, but I have not been out long enough to see
very well, and it may be only stars." On 18 Aug 1828 (sweep 167), JH logged "F; E in parallel;
gbM; 60" l, 30" br."
Although not resolved, the elongation was caused by the superimposed
companion on the west side.
The RNGC
identifies the brighter eastern component as NGC 7436A and the western
component as NGC 7436B. The
identification problems with this group (specifically NGC 7433 and 7431) are
discussed in detail in the Oct 1989 Webb Society Quarterly Journal and in
Malcolm Thomson's unpublished "Catalogue Corrections".
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7436B = MCG +04-54-005 = PGC 70123 on 23 Oct 1855 and noted
"3 neb; last one [NGC 7436] pB, bM, has either a star or nebulous knot
closely p [NGC 7436]; ...."
The "nebulous knot" is NGC 7436B. He observed the group again on 18 Sep 1857 and logged,
"... closely p is a * or sharply defined nebulous patch, ..." Dreyer observed the group on 29 Sep
1875 and reported, "The object p in the diagram from 1857 is a F *. Night bad." Harold Corwin notes that based on
Dreyer's own observation, he didn't assign the western component of NGC 7436 an
NGC designation. NED identifies
this galaxy as NGC 7436A and HyperLEDA calls it NGC 7436B.
******************************
NGC 7437 = UGC
12270 = MCG +02-58-041 = CGCG 430-034 = PGC 70131
22 58 10.1 +14
18 32
V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.4
17.5" (9/19/87):
very faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, very diffuse, low surface
brightness with a weak concentration.
A mag 14 star is at the north edge.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7437 = Sw II-94 on 31 Oct 1885 and recorded "eeF; L; R; F *
nr nf; v diff. Nearly in finder
field with Alpha Pegasi." His
RA is 10 seconds too large, but the dec is accurate. In 1900, Herbert Howe reported "the 'F * nr nf" is
of mag 10.5 and follows 4 seconds, 1.4' north." Howe's micrometric position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7438
22 57 29.6 +54
21 17
Size 15'
17.5"
(8/13/96): at 100x, there is a 20' elongated group of stars separated into two
distinct scattered subgroups. The SW group is circular, ~6' diameter with
roughly three dozen stars total, although there are a dozen brighter mag 10/11
stars which form the circular outline.
Only a few faint stars populate the interior of the outline. The NE group is more elongated, ~7'x5',
with two dozen stars. It includes
a nice well-matched mag 11 pair at 15" separation. The two groups only stand out in a rich
Milky Way field using a 20 Nagler but it still looks like a random
grouping. Listed as nonexistent in
Carlson and RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7438 = h2196 on 8 Nov 1831 and recorded "A large oblong
cluster which fills 2 fields.
Place that of the double star h3157 of my 5th catalogue." Based on the photographic appearance on
a Heidelberg plate, Reinmuth notes "a very dense region, no distinct
Cl." RNGC classifies the
number as nonexistent. See Harold
Corwin's identification comments.
******************************
NGC 7439 = UGC
12273 = MCG +05-54-021 = CGCG 496-027 = PGC 70134
22 58 09.9 +29
13 42
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 150d
17.5"
(7/17/93): very faint, very small, round, 0.4' diameter, very weakly
concentrated core, very faint stellar nucleus at moments. A mag 12.5 star is 2.5' WSW. Located 4.3' NW of mag 9.3 SAO 90908.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7439 = m 512 on 9 Sep 1863 and noted a "long patch of F
nebulosity." His position is
30 seconds of RA east and 1' north of UGC 12273. Interestingly, I recorded this galaxy as round, so his
description does not fit this galaxy very well. Bigourdan published a "corrected" position from 3
Aug 1891 in his Comptes Rendus list for 22 Jul 1901, but his position is 3.6'
south and 20 seconds of time too large and probably refers to one or more
stars.
Karl Reinmuth
reported "not found" in his photographic survey at Heidelberg as well
as Heber Curtis in Lick Observatory Bulletin #248 (1913) based on photographs
with the Crossley reflector.
Harold Corwin searched unsuccessfully for another candidate besides UGC
12273. See his notes.
******************************
NGC 7440 = UGC
12276 = MCG +06-50-014 = CGCG 515-015 = PGC 70152
22 58 32.5 +35
48 09
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5"
(8/27/92): faint, small, slightly elongated, broad concentration. Located just west of a string of four
stars mag 13-14 oriented N-S.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7440 = St VIII(a)-25 on 9 Oct 1876. His micrometric position is very accurate. Bigourdan's
"corrected" position in the his 22 Jul 1901 Comptes Rendus paper
(repeated in the IC 2 Notes section) is 10 seconds too far east and 4' too far
north and lands on a double star.
******************************
NGC 7441 = MCG
-01-58-013 = PGC 70186
22 59 29.2 -07
03 17
V = 14.3; Size 1.2'x1.2'; PA = 5d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, very small, round, low even surface brightness. This identification is very
uncertain. See historical
comments.
IC 1458 is
another possible candidate for NGC 7441.
22 56 41.4 -07
22 45
V = 13.6; B =
14.4; Size = 1.3'x0.8'; Type = Scd
24"
(9/22/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, low surface brightness patch, irregularly
round, ~0.6' diameter, slightly irregular surface brightness but no distinct
core.
18"
(10/25/03): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.7', low even
surface brightness. A 15' string
of stars oriented SW-NE with mag 9.5 SAO 146395 at the SW end passes north of
the galaxy. A mag 9.5 star is 10'
due west.
Ormond Stone
discovered NGC 7441 = LM I-260 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander
McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 14.0, 0.8' dia, iR, *10
p[receding]." His rough
position (RA to the nearest min and Dec marked as uncertain) is coincidentally
just 14 seconds of RA east of MCG -01-58-013 = PGC 70186. The RNGC, PGC and HyperLeda identify
this galaxy as NGC 7441, although no 10th magnitude star is preceding. However, the 19th century estimated
magnitudes were often several mags too bright and a mag 11.7 star is 1.8' NE
and a mag 12.5 star 5' WSW.
As an
alternative, Harold Corwin suggests NGC 7441 = IC 1458 = PGC 70080. This galaxy has a 10th magnitude star
10' west, though the position is 3 minutes of RA east and 20' south of Stone's
position. Neither identification
is very secure.
******************************
NGC 7442 = UGC
12286 = MCG +02-58-045 = CGCG 430-042 = PGC 70183
22 59 26.6 +15
32 54
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3
17.5"
(9/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, broad
concentration. Located 27' SW of
NGC 7448 in a group.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7442 on 24 Nov 1861 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. His mean position (2
measures) is very accurate and he noted the mag 12 star (called mag 13) 2.0'
north-northeast.
******************************
NGC 7443 = MCG
-02-58-015 = LGG 468-001 = PGC 70218
23 00 08.9 -12
48 28
V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 40d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, small bright core, high
surface brightness. Forms a
distinctive similar duo of elongated systems with NGC 7444 1.6' S. NGC 7450 is in the field 10' SE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7443 = H II-450 = h2197 on 3 Oct 1785 (sweep 450) and recorded
"Two [with NGC 7444], both lE and about 1.5' from each other; they extend
in different directions. The
sweeping power showed but one, but 240 distinguished them both, and I saw them
afterwards also both with the former power. Both vF, vS."
JH made two observations and called it "F; R; psbM; rather the
brighter of 2."
******************************
NGC 7444 = MCG
-02-58-016 = LGG 468-002 = PGC 70219
23 00 09.0 -12
50 03
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 3d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, small bright core. Forms a close pair with NGC 7443 1.6'
NNW. NGC 7450 lies 10' ESE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7444 = H II-451 = h2198 on 3 Oct 1785 (sweep 450) and recorded
"Two [with NGC 7443], both lE and about 1.5' from each other; they extend
in different directions. The
sweeping power showed but one, but 240 distinguished them both, and I saw them
afterwards also both with the former power. Both vF, vS."
JH made three observations and called it "pF; irr R; sbM almost to
a nucleus; r; the southern of a double nebula."
******************************
NGC 7445 = MCG
+06-50-015 = CGCG 515-016 = PGC 70178
22 59 22.4 +39
06 27
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 88d
17.5"
(9/26/92): very faint, extremely small, round. A mag 12 star is 1.5' ESE of center. Member of the UGC 12298 group with NGC
7449 3.7' NE and NGC 7446 2.0' SE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7445 = St IX-31, along with NGC 7446 and 7449, on 23 Oct
1878. His position matches CGCG
515-016.
******************************
NGC 7446 = CGCG
515-017 = PGC 70185
22 59 29.0 +39
04 59
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8
17.5"
(9/26/92): very faint, very small, round, even concentration, small bright
core. A mag 12 star is 1.2'
N. Farthest south of the members
in the UGC 12298 group with NGC 7449 4.5' N and NGC 7445 2.0' NW. Appears unusually easy for a galaxy
only 15.7pg.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7446 = St IX-32, along with NGC 7445 and 7449, on 23 Oct
1878. His micrometric position is
very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7447
23 00 26 -10 31
42
=Not found,
Corwin. =*, Reinmuth.
Edward Cooper
discovered NGC 7447 = Au 49 on 8 Oct 1855 at the Markree Observatory while
compiling the Markree ecliptic Catalogue.
He noted finding a nebulous mag 11-12 star. Arthur Auwers searched and reported "no nebula can be
seen" using the Heliometer at Konigsberg. Wilhelm Tempel was also unsuccessful on several attempts (AN
2284), as well as Sherburne Burnham (Publ of Lick Observatory, II). Reinmuth identified NGC 7447 as a mag
13 star. So, this number is lost.
See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7448 = Arp
13 = UGC 12294 = MCG +03-58-018 = CGCG 453-042 = LGG 469-001 = PGC 70213
23 00 03.6 +15
58 49
V = 11.7; Size 2.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 170d
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; very bright, large, elongated ~2:1 N-S, 2'x1', interesting
structure with knots. The central
portion is brighter along the major axis like a weak bar and in the center is a
small, very bright nucleus. A
bright, prominent knot, 10"-12" diameter, is just west of the
northern tip of the galaxy and a weak knot is close east [by ~15"]. The northern half of the galaxy is
generally brighter with a slightly mottled surface. The galaxy has a weak enhancement along the southwest edge
of the halo [spiral arm] and a fairly faint knot is on the southeast side
[40" SE of center]. Overall,
the southern part of the halo has a lower, more uniform surface brightness.
17.5"
(9/19/87 and 9/14/85): bright, large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, small bright core,
fainter extensions. Brightest in
the NGC 7448 group.
13"
(9/22/84): fairly bright, broad moderate concentration, thin fainter extensions
NNW-SSE. Does not contain a
well-defined nucleus.
8"
(9/25/81): faint, small, elongated.
NGC 7454 is located 29' NNE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7448 = H II-251 = h2199 on 16 Oct 1784 (sweep 294) and recorded
"pB, cL, E, r." On his
sweep 11, JH logged "pB; L; vgbM; E pos 85¡ np to sf." His mean position is accurate. Ralph Copeland commented it was
"slightly concave towards p side" in a 1873 observation at Birr
Castle. Christian Peters also
measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7449 = UGC
12292 = MCG +06-50-016 = CGCG 515-018 = PGC 70196
22 59 37.6 +39
08 45
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 130d
17.5"
(9/26/92): faint, small, round, gradually brighter middle, small bright
core. In the UGC 12298 group with
NGC 7445 3.7' SW, NGC 7446 4.5' S and UGC 12298 9' NE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7449 = St IX-33, along with NGC 7445 and 7446, on 23 Oct
1878. His micrometric position is
very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7450 = MCG
-02-58-019 = Mrk 1126 = LGG 468-003 = PGC 70252
23 00 47.8 -12
55 07
V = 12.4; Size 1.4'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, very small, round, broad concentration. Third of three with the striking NGC
7443 and NGC 7444 pair 11' NW.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7450 = T I-47 = T IV-11 on 19 Nov 1876. His micrometric position in list IV is
5 seconds of RA too large.
******************************
NGC 7451 = UGC
12299 = MCG +01-58-020 = CGCG 405-022 = PGC 70245
23 00 40.9 +08
28 04
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 67d
17.5"
(8/27/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated WSW-ENE, weak concentration.
Otto Struve
discovered NGC 7451 on 7 Dec 1865 with the 15-inch refractor at Pulkovo
Observatory at St. Petersburg while unsuccessfully searching for Comet Biela.
His position is 3' south of UGC 12299 (common offset with his other
objects). Bigourdan's
"corrected" position from 7 Nov 1885 (repeated in the IC 2 notes) is
5.8' too far southwest, perhaps an error with the offset star.
******************************
NGC 7452 = PGC
1306660
23 00 47.5 +06
44 44
V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.3; PA = 25d
24"
(12/28/13): at 282x appeared faint, very small, round, 12" diameter,
extremely small or stellar nucleus.
Located at 3.1' W of brighter UGC 12302 (NGC 7459?).
17.5"
(11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, very low
surface brightness. Requires
averted vision but observation repeatable. Located 3.1' W of NGC 7459. A mag 14.5 star lies 2.1' SSW. This galaxy is not listed in any modern catalogue and the
identifications of NGC 7452 and NGC 7459 are uncertain due to poor positions by
Lewis Swift.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7452 = Sw II-95, along with NGC 7455 and NGC 7459, on 14 Oct
1884 and recorded "eeeF; pL; R; e diff.; np of 2 [with NGC
7459]." His position falls
within a small cluster, 9 sec of RA east of UGC 12302. RNGC, MCG and PGC identify UGC 12302 as
NGC 7452. It's the brightest
member of the cluster and a double system with nuclei only 10" apart. Herbert Howe apparently also
identified this galaxy as NGC 7452 (MN, Vol 60, 129).
As an
alternative, Corwin suggests that NGC 7452 = PGC 1306660, the second brightest
in the cluster. This places NGC
7452 21 seconds of RA preceding Swift's position (matches in dec). This identification was first made by
Kobold in his 1907 catalogue. NED and HyperLeda now both use this
identification. This implies NGC 7459 = UGC 12302, which is 12 seconds of RA
larger (Swift's difference is 20 seconds).
******************************
NGC 7453
23 01 25.5 -06
21 19
=***, Corwin.
Christian Peters
discovered NGC 7453 on 7 Nov 1860 with the 13.5-inch refractor at Hamilton
College Observatory. At Peters' position of 23 01 25.4 -06 21 17 (2000) is a
pair of mag 12.5 stars at 15" separation. His observation may refer to one of these stars as his
description reads "*11 north, close to it."
RNGC classifies
this number as nonexistent (Type 7) although the New Description
("E,R,BM") implies it refers to a galaxy. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7454 = UGC
12305 = MCG +03-58-020 = CGCG 453-045 = LGG 469-002 = PGC 70264
23 01 06.6 +16
23 18
V = 11.8; Size 2.2'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 150d
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly bright, small, bright core, stellar nucleus, fainter extended
halo. A mag 11 star is 52"
WNW of center. Member of the NGC
7448 group.
13"
(9/3/83): faint, small, extended NNW-SSE, small bright core. A brighter star is close WNW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7454 = H II-249 on 15 Oct 1784 (sweep 290) and recorded "F,
vS, R, lbM." The next night (sweep
294), he logged "F, pS, E, following a pB star." Rudolph Spitaler measured a very
accurate micrometric position with the 27" refractor in Vienna in 1891.
******************************
NGC 7455 = CGCG
405-021 = Mrk 523 = PGC 70246
23 00 41.0 +07
18 11
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 174d
17.5"
(8/21/87): faint, very small, round, small, brighter core. A mag 11 star is 1.1' NNE of
center. Located 29' E of mag 6.3
SAO 127874. The NGC identification
is not certain.
Lewis Swift discovered
NGC 7455 = Sw II-96, along with NGC 7452 and 7459, on 14 Oct 1884 and recorded
"eF; cE; pS * nr p. Found
while searching for Encke's Comet 1885 I." There is nothing at his position, but 38 seconds of RA west
is CGCG 405-021 = PGC 70246 and Kobold identified this object as NGC 7455 in
his 1907 publication. RNGC and
CGCG also identify CGCG 405-021 as NGC 7455. Herbert Howe noted, though, that there is no star "nr
p[receding]." A mag 12 star
is 1.2' north-northeast of this galaxy, but not in the right orientation and
furthermore this small galaxy is not "cE". Because of this discrepancy Corwin suggests that perhaps NGC
7455 actually applies to the comet!
Bigourdan searched for NGC 7455, but his position refers to a star. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7456 = ESO
346-026 = MCG -07-47-011 = PGC 70304
23 02 10.4 -39
34 10
V = 11.8; Size 5.5'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 23d
13.1"
(9/3/86): very faint, diffuse, moderately large, elongated SW-NE. A pair of mag 13 stars is 3' E of
center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7456 = h3966 = h3967 on 4 Sep 1834 and recorded "F; L; mE;
vglbM; pos of elongation 33.8¡; 4' l, 1' br; loses itself imperceptibly. His Cape position for h3966 is 30' too
far south but he corrected this clerical mistake in the errata page at the end
of the catalogue. His position for h3967 is correct.
******************************
NGC 7457 = UGC
12306 = MCG +05-54-026 = CGCG 496-032 = PGC 70258
23 01 00.0 +30
08 42
V = 11.2; Size 4.3'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 130d
17.5"
(8/13/88): bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, very bright core, very
small bright nucleus. Forms a pair
with UGC 12311 8' NE. Several
bright stars in field including two mag 10 stars 3.5' NE and 2.8' E. A mag 11 star is 5.0' ENE and mag 9 SAO
90959 9.5' ENE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7457 = H II-212 = h2201 on 12 Sep 1784 (sweep 267) and recorded
"pB, pL, lE, mbM, r. South of
2 faint stars. Some stars visible
in it." His position is just
off the west side of the galaxy.
JH made a single observation, "B; L; lE; pgbM; 60"; has a
stellar point in the centre."
The observers at Birr Castle noted a star involved just preceding the
nucleus.
******************************
NGC 7458 = UGC
12309 = MCG +00-58-020 = CGCG 379-022 = PGC 70277
23 01 28.6 +01
45 12
V = 12.5; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 15d
13.1"
(11/29/86): fairly faint, small, round, small bright core. An equilateral triangle with sides 2'
formed by mag 8.8 SAO 127905 and two mag 11 stars lies about 6' N. NGC 7460 is 31' NNE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7458 = H II-590 = h2200 on 18 Sep 1786 (sweep 589) and noted
"F, S, bM." JH made two
observations, measured an accurate position, and noted on sweep 295, "vF;
vS; psbM."
******************************
NGC 7459 = UGC
12302 = MCG +01-58-021 = PGC 70261
23 00 59.9 +06
45 01
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 57d
24"
(12/28/13): at 200x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 SW-NE,
0.8'x0.5', brighter core. At 282x,
the core appeared double [post merger system?], with the two extremely small
nuclei just resolved [10" separation], and oriented along the major
axis. The northeast component
appeared quasi-stellar. A mag 13.2
star is 1.2' E of center.
17.5"
(11/18/95): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 40"x25", weak
concentration. Located 1.2' W of a
mag 13 star. Forms a pair with NGC
7452 3.1' W. This is a double
system (not resolved) and brightest in a faint cluster. Listed as nonexistent
in RNGC.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7459 = Sw II-97, along with NGC 7452 and 7455, on 14 Oct 1884
and recorded "eeF; pL; R; * nr; sf of 2 [with NGC 7452]." There is nothing at his position, but
Harold Corwin suggests this number applies to UGC 12302 (the brightest in the
cluster), located 30 sec of RA due west of Swift's position. This identity was first made by Hermann
Kobold in his observation at Strasbourg in 1897 (published in 1907). This
implies NGC 7452 = PGC 1306660, which is 21 seconds west of his position.
RNGC, MCG and
PGC identify UGC 12302 as NGC 7452.
UGC does not apply an NGC designation for this double system. RNGC classifies NGC 7459 as nonexistent
(Type 7). See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7460 = UGC
12312 = MCG +00-58-021 = CGCG 379-023 = PGC 70287
23 01 42.9 +02
15 49
V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175d
13.1"
(11/29/86): faint, small, round, diffuse, even surface brightness. NGC 7458 is 31' SSW.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7460 = St VIII(a)-26 on 21 Sep 1876. His position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7461 = UGC
12314 = MCG +02-58-056 = CGCG 430-051 = PGC 70290
23 01 48.3 +15
34 57
V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 150d
17.5"
(9/19/87): fairly faint, extremely small, round, compact, small bright core,
stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star
lies 2.3' SW. Member of the NGC 7448 group located 23' S of the NGC 7463, NGC
7464 and NGC 7465. Pair with NGC
7467 9.5' ESE.
13"
(9/22/84): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, even surface brightness,
NGC 7467 11' E. Located 23' S of
NGC 7463/64/65 in the NGC 7448 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7461 = m 513 on 8 Aug 1863 and noted "vF, vS, alm
stellar." His position is 1'
south of UGC 12314.
******************************
NGC 7462 = ESO
346-028 = MCG -07-47-013 = PGC 70324
23 02 46.5 -40
50 07
V = 11.7; Size 4.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 75d
13.1"
(9/3/86): fairly faint, fairly small, pretty edge-on oriented ~E-W. A mag 11 star is at the west end and
four other comparable stars including a nice double at 36" separation are
within 5'. Located 10.6' W of mag
6.6 SAO 231415.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7462 = h3968 on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded "pB; S; vmE; has a
*11m preceding its extremity."
His position (measured on two sweeps) is accurate. The mag 11 star at the west edge is
apparently MCG -07-47-012.
******************************
NGC 7463 = UGC
12316 = MCG +03-58-022 = CGCG 453-048 = Holm 802a = PGC 70291
23 01 52.0 +15
58 55
V = 13.2; Size 2.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 90d
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; very bright, large, very elongated at least 4:1 E-W,
~2.0'x0.5'. Unusual structure [nearly
edge-on barred spiral] with a fairly bright bar angling across the central
section ~SW-NE, ~25"x10".
A spiral arm extends west of the bar and a long, low surface brightness
tidal arm stretches to the east.
NGC 7464, situated 0.7' SE, is just south of the beginning of the
eastern arm. The stretched
appearance is likely due to an interaction with NGC 7465 2.6' SE. These galaxy, as well as the two
described below, are part of the NGC 7448 group.
UGC 12321,
located 7' NE, appeared fairly faint, thin edge-on 6:1 sliver WSW-ENE,
35"x6", very small brighter core. A 2' length NW-SE string of 3 mag 11.5-12 stars is close
south. The middle star is in this string
is an uncatalogued double star with a separation of ~1.8". UGC 12313, located 5.5' NNW, appeared
very faint to faint, moderately large, edge-on ~4:1 WNW-ESE, 1.2'x0.3',
slightly brighter core, fades out at the tips, overall fairly low surface
brightness.
18"
(7/29/03): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 E-W, 1.0'x0.4',
weak concentration. Larger but
lower surface brightness than NGC 7465 2.6' SE. A close companion, NGC 7464, is just 0.7' SE. Located 2.5' NE of a mag 8.5 star that
is a bit of a distraction in viewing, though it makes the group quite
distinctive.
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly bright, very elongated 3:1 E-W, brighter core but no sharp
nucleus. Lower surface brightness
than nearby NGC 7465 2.6' ESE. In
a close trio with NGC 7465 and NGC 7464 just 42" SE of center. Located 2.5' NE of mag 8.5 SAO
108339. Member of the NGC 7448
group.
13"
(9/22/84): fairly faint, fairly small, diffuse.
13"
(9/9/83): faint, fairly small, elongated E-W, lower surface brightness than NGC
7464 45" SE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7463 = H III-210 = h2202, along with NGC 7465, on 16 Oct 1784
(sweep 294) and recorded "Two, the second of them [NGC 7465] stellar, both
vF. The first [NGC 7463] lE and a
little larger than the second; both vF." Both Herschels missed NGC 7464 (discovered by d'Arrest).
******************************
NGC 7464 = UGC
12315 = MCG +03-58-023 = CGCG 453-049 = Holm 802c = LGG 469-007 = PGC 70292
23 01 53.7 +15
58 26
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated,
~24"x20", broad concentration with no well defined core or nucleus
but fairly high surface brightness.
Smallest and faintest in an excellent trio with NGC 7463 40" NW and
NGC 7465 1.8' ESE.
18"
(7/29/03): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, no
concentration. Located just
40" SE of the center of NGC 7463 in a trio with NGC 7465 and less than 3'
NE of a mag 8.5 star.
17.5"
(9/14/85): faint, very small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, even surface
brightness. Located just 42"
SE of the center of NGC 7463 with NGC 7465 1.8' ESE. Located 2.5' NE of mag 8.5 SAO 108339. Member of the NGC 7448 group.
13"
(9/22/84): appears as an extremely small "knot" attached at the
southeast end of NGC 7463.
13"
(9/3/83): extremely faint, very small, round, near visual threshold.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7464 = m 514 on 27 Aug 1864 with the 11-inch refractor
at Copenhagen while examining NGC 7463 and 7465. NGC 7464 is labeled Roman numeral III in his sketch. Albert
Marth independently discovered this galaxy just two months later on 23 Oct 1864
with the 48-inch on Malta ("vF, eS, near [NGC 7463]") as well as
Hermann Vogel with the 8.5-inch refractor in Leipzig on 10 Aug 1869.
******************************
NGC 7465 = UGC
12317 = Mrk 313 = MCG +03-58-024 = CGCG 453-050 = Holm 802b = LGG 469-003 = PGC
70295
23 02 01.0 +15
57 54
V = 12.6; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.4
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; bright, moderately large, oval NNW-SSE, ~0.9'x0.7'. There are three distinct brightness
zones; the oval halo, a slightly elongated bright core, and a very small
intensely bright nucleus. In an
interacting triplet with NGC 7463 2.4' NW and NGC 7464 1.8' WNW. Mag 8.2 HD 217602 lies 4' WSW.
18"
(7/29/03): moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 or 4:3 NNW-SSE,
~0.6'x0.4'. Fairly high surface
brightness with a weak, even concentration to a small brighter core and
quasi-stellar nucleus. Brightest
in a close trio with the tight duo NGC 7463/7464 ~2' WNW. The trio is situated ~3' NE of mag 8.5
SAO 108339.
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly bright, small, bright core, stellar nucleus, slightly
elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE. Brightest
in a close trio with NGC 7464 1.8' WNW and NGC 7463 2.4' WNW in the NGC 7448 group.
13"
(9/22/84): very small, round, stellar nucleus surrounding a small outer halo.
13"
(9/3/83): fairly faint, very small, stellar nucleus, fairly high surface
brightness. Only viewing the
nucleus? Brightest in subgroup of
three with NGC 7464 and NGC 7463.
Located 27' E of NGC 7448.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7465 = H III-211 = h2203, along with NGC 7463, on 16 Oct 1784
(sweep 294) and recorded "Two, the second of them [NGC 7465] stellar, both
vF. The first [NGC 7463] lE and a
little larger than the second; both vF." JH measured separate positions for the pair. They both missed NGC 7464.
******************************
NGC 7466 = UGC
12319 = MCG +04-54-017 = CGCG 475-023 = PGC 70299
23 02 03.4 +27
03 10
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 26d
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, very elongated SSW-NNE, small bright core.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7466 = St V-10 on 20 Sep 1873 and recorded "eF; eS; with a
condensation in the centre."
His position is accurate.
MCG and PGC incorrectly equate IC 5281 (a single star) with NGC 7466.
******************************
NGC 7467 = MCG
+02-58-057 = CGCG 430-053 = PGC 70310
23 02 27.4 +15
33 15
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 33d
17.5"
(9/19/87): very faint, extremely small, round. A mag 15 star is just off the east edge 1.0' from
center. Located 9.5' ESE of NGC
7461 in the NGC 7448 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7467 = m 515 on 23 Oct 1864 and noted "eF, v." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7468 = UGC
12329 = CGCG 453-052 = Mrk 314 = LGG 469-004 = PGC 70332
23 02 59.3 +16
36 18
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, small, slightly elongated, weak concentration. Located 8.7' N of mag 7.9 SAO 108362.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7468 = H III-202 on 15 Oct 1784 (sweep 290) and recorded
"eF, vS, stellar. 240
confirmed it." CH's reduction
is a good match with UGC 12329 = PGC 70332. No observations were made by JH, but d'Arrest measured three
positions.
******************************
NGC 7469 = Arp
298 NED1 = UGC 12332 = MCG +01-58-025 = Holm 803a = Mrk 9003 = PGC 70348
23 03 15.7 +08
52 26
V = 12.3; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 125d
17.5"
(11/1/86): sharp, bright stellar nucleus (Sy 1 galaxy) surrounded by a small
faint halo. A faint star is just
east. Forms a close pair (Arp 298)
with IC 5283 1.3' NNE. Located at
the western vertex of a triangle with mag 8.5 SAO 127930 5.4' SE and mag 8.4
SAO 27929 6.3' NE. This is a
Seyfert galaxy with a variable nucleus.
IC 5283 is a very faint glow, small, round, diffuse, with an even
surface brightness.
13"
(11/13/82): moderately bright, small, round, small bright nucleus surrounded by
small diffuse halo. The nucleus
dominates the galaxy. Located
along the west side of three mag 9-10 stars.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7469 = H III-230 = h2204 on 12 Nov 1784 (sweep 313) and noted
"eF, eS, but 240 left a doubt."
He found it again on 26 Sep 1785 (sweep 442) and logged "suspected
a small irregular patch with seeming nebulosity." He didn't link the second observation
with the first or assign it an internal discovery number. JH made the single observation "F;
S; R; vsmbM; equals a star 12m with a vF wisp about it. At first seems like a star." The RA in the RNGC is 1.0 minute too
large. NGC 7469 is one of the 6
original Sy 1 galaxies studied by Seyfert in his seminal 1943 paper
"Nuclear Emission in Spiral Nebulae".
******************************
NGC 7470 = ESO
239-009 = AM 2302-502 = PGC 70431
23 05 14.1 -50
06 42
V = 13.9; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 84d
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x and 394x; fairly faint to moderately bright,
moderately large, slightly elongated, ~50"x40", contains a small
slightly brighter core and a patchy halo.
A mag 12.5 star is 2.5' NW. Forms a pair with PGC 469486 1.9' SSW. At 394x, the (line of sight) companion
appeared faint, very small, round, 10" diameter.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7470 = h3969 on 30 Sep 1834 and recorded "eF; R; glbM;
60"; has a * 11m np 3' dist."
There is nothing at his position but 0.8 min of RA east is ESO 239-009
and his description matches.
******************************
NGC 7471 = ESO
535-?4
23 03 54 -22 55
=Not found,
Corwin, RNGC and ESO. =*?, SG
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7471 = LM II-470 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.8, 0.2' dia, lE 85¡,
sbM, 3 stars 10, p[recede] 20 seconds." There is nothing near his position. If Muller's object is the mag 15 star
at 23 05 32.9 -22 53 44 (1 min 38 seconds of RA east), there are three mag
12-13 stars about 30 seconds preceding.
******************************
NGC 7472 = NGC
7482 = MCG +00-58-029 = CGCG 379-031 = PGC 70446
23 05 38.6 +03
03 33
See observing
notes for NGC 7482.
Otto Struve
found NGC 7472 on 7 Dec 1865 with the 15-inch Merz refractor at Pulkovo
Observatory while unsuccessfully searching for comet Biela. He noted a faint star with a nebulous
halo. There is nothing near his
position, but exactly 2.0 minutes of RA east is NGC 7482, which was discovered
by Marth the previous year on 11 Aug 1864.
Sherburne
Burnham, who examined the field (see Publ of Lick Obs, II), noted there was
only one galaxy in the vicinity, essentially agreeing with Marth's position for
NGC 7482, and that NGC 7472 as well as d'Arrest's NGC 7477 were probably
duplicates. Dreyer mentioned this
in the IC I Notes, although NGC 7477 is a different object. See NGC 7477.
******************************
NGC 7473 = UGC
12335 = MCG +05-54-030 = CGCG 496-038 = PGC 70373
23 03 57.1 +30
09 37
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 45d
17.5"
(8/13/88): faint, small, oval SSW-NNE, bright core. A mag 14 star is 46" N of center.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7473 = m 516 on 6 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, S, R." His position is 6 seconds of time too
small.
******************************
NGC 7474 = MCG
+03-58-026 = PGC 70379
23 04 04.4 +20
04 02
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8
24"
(9/10/15): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, stellar
nucleus. First in a trio with NGC
7475 1.6' NE (double system with
MCG +03-58-028). A mag 11.5 star
lies 2' N and a wide pair (~15") is 2.8' SE.
17.5"
(9/2/89): very faint, extremely small, round. A mag 11 star is 2.0' N. Forms a pair with NGC 7475 1.6' NE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7474 = m 517, along with NGC 7475, on 9 Sep 1864 and noted
"eF, vS." His position
is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7475 = UGC
12337 = MCG +03-58-027/028 = CGCG 453-059 = PGC 70382 = PGC 70383
23 04 10.9 +20
04 52
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.9'; PA = 54d
24"
(9/10/15): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated
3:2 or 4:3 WSW-ENE, ~0.6'x0.4', contains a very small bright nucleus that
appears offset to the southwest side.
NGC 7474 lies 1.6' SE. A
mag 11.5 star lies 1.7' NW.
With careful
viewing this is clearly seen as a double system with a companion attached at
the northeast end (MCG +03-58-028 = PGC 70382). It was visible as a faint, small, round glow, 12" in
diameter. The centers of the
galaxies are separated by just 27" and nearly collinear with NGC 7474.
17.5"
(9/2/89): faint, fairly small, elongated SW-NE. A mag 11 star is 1.7' NW. Forms a pair with NGC 7474 1.5' SW. The compact companion at the NE end was
unresolved.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7475 = m 518, along with NGC 7474, on 9 Sep 1864 and noted
"vF, S." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7476 = ESO
290-045 = MCG -07-47-015 = PGC 70427
23 05 11.7 -43
05 51
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 175d
17.5"
(10/20/90): very faint, fairly small, possibly oval N-S, bright core. Forms the southern vertex of an
isosceles triangle with mag 7.7 SAO 231425 3' NW and mag 7.2 SAO 231432 4' NNE. Located 32' ENE of mag 4.3 Theta
Gruis. This is an exceptionally
far southern galaxy for viewing from Northern California.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7476 = h3970 on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; S; R;
12"; makes an obtuse-angled triangle, with 2 st 7m at some distance."
His position (measured on 2 sweeps) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7477 = PGC
1245518
23 04 40.7 +03
07 05
V = 15.7; Size 0.3'x0.15'
18"
(9/26/11): this number applies to an extremely faint galaxy with two stars
superimposed. At 175x, it appeared
as a faint, nebulous patch with one or two very faint stars involved. At 225x, three mag 14.5 stars were
resolved including a 15" pair but a third star close north was not
involved in the faint glow (perhaps 15" diameter) on the south side. It was easy to see to see how this knot
of stars could be taken as nebulous even if the galaxy was not seen. NGC 7482 lies 15' ESE.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7477 on 9 Sep 1866 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. At his exact position
is a group of 3 or 4 faint stars and an extremely faint galaxy (PGC 1245518). Most likely d'Arrest picked up the
combined glow of two or more of the faint stars and possibly the galaxy, which
has a B magnitude of 16.5 or fainter. Reinmuth also identifies NGC 7477 as
"4 st 15 in Dreyer's place; ? eeF vS neb s of 2nd * alm att?, neb E 75
deg?."
Burnham noted
the odd situation that NGC 7477 and 7472 preceding Marth's NGC 7482 by exactly
1.0 tmin and 2.0 tmin of RA, respectively, and felt all 3 numbers referred to
the same galaxy. But Harold Corwin
notes that only NGC 7472 (discovered by Otto Struve) is identical to NGC 7482.
******************************
NGC 7478 = PGC
70418
23 04 56.6 +02
34 40
V = 15.4; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3
17.5"
(11/18/95): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, slightly brighter
core. Located 1.0' SE of a mag
11.5 star and fainter of a pair with NGC 7480 4.6' ESE. Not listed in CGCG, MCG or RC3.
13": not
found.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7478 = m 519, along with NGC 7480, on 11 Aug 1864 and noted
"eF, E." His position is
1.2' too far northwest. This galaxy is mentioned in UGC notes to NGC 7480 but is
not identified as NGC 7478.
******************************
NGC 7479 = UGC
12343 = MCG +02-58-060 = CGCG 430-058 = PGC 70419
23 04 56.7 +12
19 23
V = 10.8; Size 4.1'x3.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 25d
48"
(11/2/13 and 10/30/16): The view of NGC 7479 was mesmerizing at 488x and
610x. Compared to the view last
October, I noticed the fainter eastern arm was broader (split in two parallel
branches on images) and although diffuse, obviously extended all the way to the
southern edge of the galaxy, nearly reaching a mag 16 star. Also the bright arm on the western side
of the bar dimmed as it extended north, but wrapped all the way or just beyond
a mag 15.7 star situated 48" SW of the bright mag 12.5 star off the north
end of the bar. The western arm
clearly had a clumpy appearance with a couple of brighter patches. Near the south end of this arm [1.1'
SSW of center] is a very faint quasi-stellar knot, which is catalogued as HII
region #45 in Hodge and Kennicutt's 1983 "An Atlas of H II regions in 125
galaxies". Another brighter
knot, ~12"x6", is at the southwest end of the arm [1.5' SW of
center]. This is region #57 in the
HK Atlas. 2MASX J23044541+1221233, a faint edge-on at V = 17.8, lies 3.5' NW of
NGC 7479.
48"
(10/22/11): NGC 7479 is probably the best barred spiral in the northern sky. At
488x and 610x the central bar appears very bright and extended over 2' N-S. The
bar had a mottled appearance, bulging slightly in the center, was broadly
concentrated with a small bright core. A bright mag 12.5 star is at the north
end of the bar, 1.3' from the center.
At the northern
end, an arm emerges from the bar and begins to curve counterclockwise to the
east, but abruptly dims and merges with the halo on the east side. At the south
end of the bar, a beautiful sweeping arm wraps counterclockwise around the
south of a superimposed mag 13.5 star, extending to the west side of the core.
This prominent arm dims and ends just north of an extremely faint HII knot
(stellar) in the arm, which is catalogued as object #4 in Rozas' et al 1999
A&AS paper "Global properties of the population of HII regions in NGC
7479 from photometric H-alpha imaging". A mag 16.4 star is 0.7' due west
(outside the arm) of this knot. A mag 15.7 star is also superimposed between the
faint HII knot and the bright star at the north end.
18"
(11/7/07): I was surprised the thin spiral arm was readily visible from Lake
Sonoma extending from the south end of the bar and wrapping outside the mag
13.5 star situated 50' SW of the core.
This arm dimmed out roughly due west of the star. The central bar extends 2.4'x0.6' N-S
and contains a bulging 25" core that broadly brightens to an occasional
faint stellar nucleus with direct vision.
Barely off the north end of the central bar is a mag 12.5 star (1.3' due
north of center) and there was just a hint of the north end of the bar starting
to bend towards the east.
18"
(10/19/06): fairly bright, fairly large, the main bar appears elongated 3:1
N-S, moderately concentrated with a bright core. A mag 12.5 star is just off the north tip of the bar. At the south end an extension is
generally visible with averted vision hooking back sharply on the west side
towards the north. This spiral arm
dims as it hooks but intermittently appears to sweep due north though does not
extend as far as the mag 13.5 star off the SW side of the core.
17.5"
(7/19/90): this is one of few northern barred spirals in which the structure is
clearly visible. A bright bar is oriented N-S with a bright core and nearly
stellar nucleus. A mag 13 star is off the north edge 1.4' from center and a
fainter mag 14 star is 47" SW of center. A thin curving spiral arm
attached at the south end curves to the west and then north beyond the mag 14
star SW of the core. This arm parallels the bar along the west side about 90¡.
At the Sierra Buttes, the spiral arm was held almost continuously with averted
vision. Located 3.3' NNE of a mag 10 star.
17.5"
(10/12/85): thin curving arm clearly seen attached at the SW end curving to the
north around a faint star.
13.1"
(9/29/84): fairly bright, elongated ~N-S.
Strong impression of a dark lane or gap on the west wide and brief hints
of haze beyond this gap, particularly around the south end towards the west
(spiral arm).
13.1"
(11/5/83): fairly bright, elongated N-S, bright core. Two faint stars are west and north.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7479 = H I-55 = h2205 on 19 Oct 1784 (sweep 299) and noted
"F, mE, r, near 3' in length and about 1' in breadth; I see 2 or 3 stars
in it; but they do not seem to belong to it." On 23 Nov 1785 (sweep
476) he noted "cB, mE nearly in the direction of the meridian; about 4'
long, about 2' broad, gbM." A sketch was published in 1811.
Lord Rosse
sketched this barred spiral on 10 Sep 1849 (figure 4 in the 1850 PT paper).
The sketch prominently shows a single spiral arm wrapping nearly
completely back to the bar, though he was uncertain of the form; "Spiral,
but query whether this is not more properly an annular than a spiral
nebula." Tempel, JH and d'Arrest made additional sketches.
In the 1900
paper "The spiral nebula H I 55 Pegasi" (1900ApJ....11....1K), Lick
astronomer James Keeler compared the various sketches of NGC 7479 with the
photograph taken with the Crossley reflector to demonstrate the subjectivity of
sketches and their limitations compared to photographs.
******************************
NGC 7480 = UGC
12349 = MCG +00-58-027 = CGCG 379-030 = Holm 804a = PGC 70432
23 05 13.6 +02
32 58
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 105d
17.5"
(11/18/95): faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 1.0'x0.3.' Contains a small, round bright core
with very faint thin extensions.
Preceded by an isosceles triangle of mag 10.5 stars (with equal sides
about 3.5' and base 5.5'). Forms a
pair with NGC 7478 4.6' WNW.
13"
(11/29/86): very faint, small, edge-on WNW-ESE. Nearby NGC 7478 not seen.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7480 = m 520, along with NGC 7478, on 11 Aug 1864 and noted
"vF, vS, vlE, vgbM." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7481
23 05 48 -19 57
=Not found,
Corwin and RNGC.
Ormond Stone
discovered NGC 7481 = LM I-261 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander
McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 14.0, vS, R, gbM." There nothing near his rough position
and Harold Corwin was unable to find a reasonable candidate in the area.
ESO assigned ESO
604-003 to NGC 7481, though questioned the identification as uncertain. This galaxy is 20 seconds of RA east
and 7' north of Stone's position and consists of a pair of extremely faint
galaxies close to a mag 14-14.5 star.
Corwin rejects this as a plausible candidate, so this number is lost.
******************************
NGC 7482 = NGC
7472 = MCG +00-58-029 = CGCG 379-031 = PGC 70446
23 05 38.6 +03
03 33
V = 13.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 140d
13.1"
(11/29/86): faint, very small, round.
Collinear with a mag 11.5 star 5.8' NW and a mag 10.5 star 7.8' NW. NGC 7483 lies 29' N.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7482 = m 521 on 11 Aug 1864 and noted "F, vS,
stellar." His position is
accurate to within 1'. Otto Struve
probably found this galaxy again on 7 Dec 1865 as his position for NGC 7472 is
2.0 minutes of RA west. So, NGC
7482 = NGC 7472.
******************************
NGC 7483 = UGC
12353 = MCG +00-58-030 = CGCG 379-032 = PGC 70455
23 05 48.3 +03
32 42
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 110d
13.1"
(11/29/86): fairly faint, small, round, noticeable small bright core. Possible larger fainter outer
halo. NGC 7482 is 29' S.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7483 = h2206 on 18 Sep 1830 and recorded "vF; E; psbM; 20"
l, 8" br." His single
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7484 = ESO
407-006 = MCG -06-50-026 = PGC 70505
23 07 04.9 -36
16 29
V = 11.8; Size 1.8'x1.7'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5"
(10/20/90): fairly faint, small, round, bright core. Located just 1' N of mag 9.9 SAO 214317 and 3.8' W of mag
9.8 SAO 214322! Very close to the
Sculptor, Pisces Austrinus and Grus border.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7484 = h3971 = h3972 on 30 Aug 1834 and recorded "pB; S; R;
gbM; attached to, or not much separated from, a * 8m just south of neb,
60" dist." His position
(for h3971) is 1.0 min of RA too small.
He observed this galaxy on 3 additional sweeps, recording the position
accurately under h3972and noted the probable RA error with h3971.. The two entries were combined in the GC
and NGC.
******************************
NGC 7485 = UGC
12360 = MCG +06-50-022 = CGCG 515-024 = PGC 70470
23 06 04.9 +34
06 28
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 146d
17.5"
(8/13/88): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated oval NW-SE, bright
core, faint stellar nucleus. A
close mag 15 double star is 1.8' ESE = NGC 7486.
Forms a pair
with UGC 12358 4.8' NW (incorrectly identified in RNGC as NGC 7485). UGC 12358 appeared extremely faint,
very elongated ~E-W, near visual threshold. A star attached at the southwest end detracts from viewing.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7485 = h2207 on 19 Aug 1828 and recorded "vF; S; R; bM;
12"; has a * 10m, 5' preceding in same parallel. His position is just 2 seconds of RA west of UGC 12360,
though the mag 10 star is 7' west-northwest.
The RNGC
misidentifies UGC 12358 as NGC 7485.
This extremely faint edge-on galaxy is located 4.8' northwest of NGC
7485. The correct data for NGC
7485 is listed in the RNGC under NGC 7486. This error was listed in my RNGC Corrections #3.
******************************
NGC 7486
23 06 06.7 +34
04 25
17.5"
(8/13/88): this number refers to three mag 15 stars located ~2' ESE NGC
7485. Not knowing the nature of
this object, I logged NGC 7486 as "very faint, extremely small, forming a
close pair with a mag 15 star" and assumed this observation referred to a
very small galaxy. But on the DSS
the "extremely small" object is just two very close mag 15 stars that
form a tight triple with the mag 15 star.
Using Lord Rosse's 72", Copeland made the same error.
Ralph Copeland
discovered NGC 7486 on 25 Aug 1871 while observing GC 4895 = NGC 7485. He noted a "D neb f a little south
[of NGC 7485]." On 3 Dec 1877
Dreyer observed the field and logged "vF, vS, undoubtedly seen, position
angle 109.5¡± and distance 114"." At Dreyer's exact offset from NGC 7485 is compact group of 4
faint stars that I also mistook as a nebulous in my 17.5"! This is the last object in the GC
Supplement Addenda (GC 6251).
RNGC
misidentifies NGC 7485 as NGC 7486.
This error was noted in my Catalogue Corrections #3.
******************************
NGC 7487 = NGC
7210 = UGC 12368 = MCG +05-54-035 = CGCG 496-043 = PGC 70496
23 06 50.5 +28
10 45
V = 13.5; Size 1.8'x1.7'
17.5"
(8/13/88): faint, fairly small, round, bright core, faint stellar nucleus. Located 40' ENE of Beta Pegasi (V =
2.4).
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7487 = Sw IV-89 on 3 Aug 1886 and noted "vF; S;
R." His RA is 8 seconds too
large.
The original
discovery of this galaxy was made by JH on 17 Nov 1827, but Harold Corwin found
(April 2016) that he made a transcription error in copying his logbook RA to
his Slough Catalogue, so the RA (marked as uncertain) is 1 hour too small. Furthermore, he made another error when
transferring the declination to the General Catalogue, so his GC and NGC north
polar distance is one degree too large!
Correcting both of these errors, the position of NGC 7210 = h2148
matches NGC 7487. Although NGC
7210 should be the primary designation, all catalogues of course identify this
galaxy as NGC 7487 only (as of 2016).
******************************
NGC 7488 = MCG
+00-59-001 = CGCG 380-001 = PGC 70539
23 07 48.9 +00
56 26
V = 13.8; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 150d
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, very small, round, bright core.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7488 = m 522 on 11 Aug 1864 and noted "vF, vS,
stellar." His position in
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7489 = UGC
12378 = MCG +04-54-028 = CGCG 475-038 = PGC 70532
23 07 32.7 +22
59 53
V = 13.4; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 170d
13.1"
(9/22/84): fairly faint, very diffuse, fairly small. A mag 14 star is very close southwest, just 33" from
the center. Located 4.5' SSW of
mag 8.9 SAO 91024 and 10.7' WSW of mag 8.3 SAO 91034. NGC 7489 is larger and slightly brighter than IC 5285 8.6'
WSW. IC 5285, an unusual ring
galaxy, appeared faint, very small, almost round, slightly elongated ~E-W,
possible faint stellar nucleus. A
very faint mag 14.5 star is at the west edge, 23" from center.
William Lassell
discovered NGC 7489 = m523 on 14 Sep 1863 from Malta and recorded "F, S, R;
found by L." This was his
last of four NGC discoveries and occurred while Marth was already surveying
Pegasus for new objects (10 were discovered between the 13th and 17th of Sep). His position is off by 1.5' in dec (too
far south).
******************************
NGC 7490 = UGC
12379 = MCG +05-54-036 = CGCG 496-044 = PGC 70526
23 07 25.2 +32
22 30
V = 12.3; Size 2.8'x2.6'; Surf Br = 14.3
17.5"
(8/13/88): moderately bright, fairly large, round, bright core, stellar
nucleus, large faint halo.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7490 = St X-39 on 11 Oct 1879. His position is an exact match with UGC 12379. Edward Holden found this galaxy again
on 21 Aug 1881 with the 15.6-inch Clark refractor at the Washburn
Observatory. He assumed it was new
and reported it as #23 in his list of new nebulae in the Publications of the
Washburn Observatory, Vol I.
Both Stephan and Holden are credited with the discovery in the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7491 = MCG
-01-59-002 = PGC 70546
23 08 06.0 -05 58
00
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 172d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, small, round, weak concentration. Located 2.5' N of a mag 10 star.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7491 = St XII-94 on 21 Aug 1881. His position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7492
23 08 26.6 -15
36 41
V = 11.5; Size 4.2'; Surf Br = 0.0
24"
(11/24/14): picked up at 200x as a faint, large, low surface brightness glow
with a very weak concentration, 4'-5' diameter. At 375x, a few resolved stars shine steadily and quite a
number pop in/out view consistently.
Perhaps two dozen are intermittently resolved, though too lively
(particularly with averted vision) to count reliably. These are the brightest
red giant members and range from mag 15.5 to 16+.
17.5"
(8/1/86): faint, large, round, diffuse, no resolution.
8"
(8/2/81): very faint, diffuse, moderately large, no resolution. Very low surface brightness for a NGC
globular and difficult with this aperture.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7492 = H III-558 = h2208 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 595) and recorded
"eF, cL, iR. By changing and
wiping the eye glasses, I saw it with both so as to leave no doubt. 5 or 6' dia." JH called this cluster "eF; vL; 2
or 3'; the faintest thing imaginable; half way between two coarse double stars
in the same parallel."
******************************
NGC 7493
23 08 31.6 +00
54 36
=*, Corwin.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7493 = Big. 95 on 28 Oct 1886 and noted "mag
13.4; stellar. Sky
mediocre." His micrometric
position corresponds with a mag 15 star, so this identification is secure.
******************************
NGC 7494 = ESO
535-005 = MCG -04-54-007 = PGC 70568
23 08 58.6 -24
22 10
V = 14.7; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.2
17.5"
(10/21/95): extremely faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very low even
surface brightness, requires averted vision. NGC 7498 lies 13.5' ESE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7494 = m 524, along with NGC 7498, on 24 Sep 1864 and noted
"eF, vS, stellar." His
position is accurate to within 1'.
******************************
NGC 7495 = UGC
12391 = MCG +02-59-003 = CGCG 431-006 = PGC 70566
23 08 57.2 +12
02 53
V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 5d
17.5"
(7/19/90): faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is at the NNE end. Located 7' NW of mag 8.7 SAO 108451.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7495 = Sw II-98 on 31 Oct 1885 and recorded "eF; lE; S; 9m
star close nf." His position
is just 6 seconds of RA too small.
There is 9th magnitude star 7' southeast, but he is likely referring to
the 12-13th magnitude star 1.3' northeast.
******************************
NGC 7496 = ESO
291-001 = MCG -07-47-020 = VV 771 = LGG 472-001 = PGC 70588
23 09 47.3 -43
25 41
V = 11.1; Size 3.3'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 2d
17.5"
(10/20/90): faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, brighter core. A mag 10.5 star is off the north end
1.8' from center! Located 32' W of
mag 4.3 Theta Gruis (V = 4.3).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7496 = h3973 on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; L; lE; vgmbM;
to a * 13m."
******************************
NGC 7497 = UGC
12392 = MCG +03-59-002 = CGCG 454-003 = LGG 470-003 = PGC 70569
23 09 03.4 +18
10 38
V = 12.2; Size 4.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 48d
17.5"
(9/2/89): fairly faint, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, brighter
middle, fairly low surface brightness.
On deep images,
NGC 7497 resides in a remarkable streak of "Integrated Flux Nebula"
in Pegasus. IFN, also known as
Galactic Cirrus is dust and gas outside the plane of the Milky Way. It dimly shines by reflected light
(blue) as well as fluoresced by ultraviolet light of massive stars within the
disk of our galaxy.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7497 = H III-203 = h2209 on 15 Oct 1784 (sweep 290) and recorded
"vF, E, considerably L, about 2' long." JH made two observations: "eF; E like the tail of a
comet; lbM." (sweep 11) and "vF; mE; pos 45¡ nf to sp; 4' l, 1'
br." (sweep 92).
******************************
NGC 7498 = ESO
535-006 = MCG -04-54-008 = PGC 70590
23 09 56.2 -24
25 30
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2d
17.5"
(10/21/95): very faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 40"x20", very weak
concentration. Located 4.7' SSW of
a mag 11 star. A mag 13.5 star is
2.1' NW and a mag 15 star 1.5' NE of center. NGC 7494 lies 13.5' WNW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7498 = m 525, along with NGC 7494, on 24 Sep 1864 and noted
"vF, S, irr R." His dec
is 1' too large. Herbert Howe
measured an accurate position in 1898-99 at Denver.
******************************
NGC 7499 = UGC
12397 = MCG +01-59-005 = CGCG 406-007 = PGC 70608
23 10 22.4 +07
34 50
V = 12.8; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 10d
17.5"
(8/1/87): faint, small, round, weak concentration. First of three with NGC 7501 2.1' ENE and NGC 7503 5.0'
ESE. This trio is the brightest in
the Pegasus II cluster. Two very
faint members, MCG +01-59-002 and CGCG 406-005 are located 5' W and ~8' SW,
respectively. Located 14' NNE of
mag 7.2 SAO 128008.
CGCG 406-005
required averted vision using 220x to momentarily glimpse a 20", very low
surface brightness circular patch, 3.0' NW of a mag 12.5-13 star. A star appears to be very close or
involved or possibly the galaxy contains a faint stellar nucleus. Located ~10' SW of the NGC
7499/7501/7503 trio.
MCG +01-59-002
was also a difficult target and appeared as an extremely faint, small thin
sliver, ~0.3'x0.1', but too faint for any details. Collinear with brighter NGC 7499 and NGC 7501 to the east.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7499 = m 526, along with NGC 7501 and 7503, on 2 Sep 1864 and
noted "vF, vS, stellar."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7500 = UGC
12399 = MCG +02-59-004 = CGCG 431-008 = PGC 70620
23 10 29.8 +11
00 44
V = 13.3; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 125d
17.5"
(9/19/87): faint, small, slightly elongated, small bright core, possible faint
stellar nucleus. Located 12' N of
mag 7.4 SAO 108442.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7500 = Sw IV-90 on 8 Aug 1886 and noted "eF; vS;
R." His position is 8 seconds
too far west and 1' too far north (2.3' error).
******************************
NGC 7501 = MCG
+01-59-007 = CGCG 406-008 = PGC 70619
23 10 30.4 +07
35 21
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5"
(8/1/87): very faint, very small, round, very small brighter core. NGC 7501 is the faintest in a trio with
NGC 7499 2.1' WSW and NGC 7503 3.2' ESE.
Located in the core of the Pegasus II galaxy cluster.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7501 = m 527, along with NGC 7499 and 7503, on 2 Sep 1864 and
simply noted "eF". His
dec is 1' too large.
******************************
NGC 7502 = ESO
604-**5
23 10 19.8 -21
44 15
=faint **, ESO.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7502 = LM II-471 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory. He
reported "mag 15.8; 0.3' dia; E 290¡; double star?" There is nothing
at his rough position, but Harold Corwin identifies NGC 7502 as a double star
(20" separation on the DSS) just 30 seconds west of Muller's position and
matching his PA and size estimates.
ESO and RNGC also identify NGC 7502 as a double star.
******************************
NGC 7503 = MCG
+01-59-008 = CGCG 406-012 = PGC 70628
23 10 42.3 +07
34 04
V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5"
(8/1/87): faint, small, round. NGC
7503 is the third in a trio with NGC 7501 3.2' WNW and similar to NGC 7499 5.0'
WNW but with a more compact core.
Located in the core of the Pegasus II cluster.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7503 = m 528, along with NGC 7499 and 7503, on 2 Sep 1864 and
noted "vF, S, stellar."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7504
23 10 41.1 +14
23 10
=*?,
Corwin. =*, Carlson.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7504 = m 529 on 2 Sep 1864 and noted "vF, S,
stellar." There is no nearby
galaxy to his position. Bigourdan
was unsuccessful in identifying it, of course, and Reinmuth identified a nearby
mag 14 star as NGC 7504 (repeated by Carlson in her 1940 paper on NGC/IC
corrections). Harold Corwin also
tentatively identifies NGC 7504 with this star as he was unable to find another
candidate. Still, we could just
call this number lost.
******************************
NGC 7505 = CGCG
431-009 = PGC 70636
23 11 00.7 +13
37 54
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 111d
18"
(10/25/03): very faint, extremely small, 10" diameter. At 257x, a very faint stellar nucleus
was clearly visible embedded in a small halo. Located 22' WSW of NGC 7511.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7505 = Sw V-94 on 25 Sep 1886 and recorded "eeeF; eS; lE;
nearly between a bright star and a very wide double star." His position is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7506 = UGC
12406 = MCG +00-59-005 = CGCG 380-006 = PGC 70660
23 11 41.0 -02
09 36
V = 12.9; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 103d
17.5"
(8/1/87): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated WNW-ESE, bright core,
fainter extensions. NGC 7517 lies
23.5' ENE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7506 = H III-184 = h2210 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 279) and logged
"eF, vS, stellar. 240
verified it." On 6 Sep 1831
(sweep 371), JH called it "Not vF; R; gb and smbM to a * 15m." His mean position from two observations
is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7507 = ESO
469-019 = MCG -05-54-022 = AM 2309-284 = PGC 70676
23 12 07.6 -28
32 26
V = 10.4; Size 2.8'x2.7'; Surf Br = 12.5
17.5"
(10/13/90): bright, fairly small, round, unusually bright compact core, stellar
nucleus. Located 6' NW of a mag 10
star. NGC 7513 lies 18' NE.
8"
(7/24/82) : fairly bright, small, small very bright core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7507 = H II-2 = h2211 = h3974 on 30 Oct 1783 (#2 sweep
discovery). He made a total of 3
observations and noted on 1 Sep 1785 (sweep 430), "pB, S, irr figure,
mbM." JH made observations
both at Slough and at the CGH, where he logged "B; R; psvmbM;
60"."
******************************
NGC 7508 = UGC
12408 = MCG +02-59-005 = CGCG 431-011 = PGC 70663
23 11 49.2 +12
56 25
V = 14.8; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 160d
17.5"
(7/19/90): very faint, very small, edge-on 4:1 NNW-SSE, very thin extensions
from stellar nucleus. A mag 11
star is 2.5' NW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7508 = h2212 on 13 Oct 1825 and recorded "eF; seems to have
a * in centre." His position
is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7509 = MCG
+02-59-006 = CGCG 431-013 = PGC 70679
23 12 21.4 +14
36 34
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.8
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, weak gradual concentration.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7509 = Sw IV-91 on 8 Aug 1886 with his 16-inch refractor and
recorded "vF; S; R: bet 2 stars." His position is 7 seconds of RA west and 1' north of CGCG
431-013. The 2 stars might be a
mag 9.5 star 5' northeast and a mag 9.9 star 5' south or refer to two fainter
but closer stars.
******************************
NGC 7510 = Cr
454 = Lund 1030 = Do 57 = OCL-256
23 11 04 +60 34
18
V = 7.9; Size 4'
18"
(10/9/04): beautifully rich, small cluster with a triangular or wedge-shaded
outline. Roughly 50 stars are
resolved in a 4'x2' region with additional sprays of stars extending to the SW
and NE. There is a well-defined
border of brighter stars running SW-NE along the south side of the wedge with
the brightest mag 9.6 member at the east end of this string. There are several 11-12th mag members,
but most seem mag 13 and fainter.
The north end of the giant HII complex Sh 2-157 lies ~30' E.
17.5"
(10/17/98): very pretty triangular wedge of stars in a 5x2' group. There are brighter stars at the west
and east vertex with the brightest star at the following end. Within the triangle are two dozen stars
oriented SW-NE including a number of mag 14-15 stars on the eastern side. Just following the main grouping are
another 8 or 9 stars that may be part of the cluster. Picked up while viewing nearby Sh2-157.
13"
(9/9/83): striking at 62x, about two dozen stars in a wedge-shape elongated
SW-NE. Compact cluster Mrk 50 and
HII region LBN 11 is ~30' ESE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7510 = H VII-44 = h2213 on 3 Nov 1787 (sweep 773) and recorded
"a cl of compressed pL stars, considerably rich, E, the stars arranged in
lines." On 29 Sep 1829 (sweep
213), JH logged "a very pretty fan-shaped cluster of pB close stars in two
lines with other small to N. A *
10m taken. Another 11m dist 19
seconds; pos = 244¡."
******************************
NGC 7511 = UGC
12412 = MCG +02-59-007 = CGCG 431-012 = PGC 70691
23 12 26.3 +13
43 35
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 133d
17.5"
(7/19/90): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SW, even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is at the south end. A distinctive line of five stars mag
12-13 oriented NW-SE follows.
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, almost even surface
brightness.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7511 = Sw IV-92 = Sw V-95 on 6 Sep 1886 and recorded "eeF;
S; R; 5 or 6 stars nf in a line; e diff." His position is 9 seconds of RA east of UGC 12412 and the
description applies. He found this
galaxy again later in the month (25 Sep) and reported it as new in list V-95 at
the correct position and a similar description.
******************************
NGC 7512 = UGC
12414 = MCG +05-54-046 = CGCG 496-054 = PGC 70683
23 12 20.9 +31
07 32
V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 30d
17.5"
(8/13/88): fairly faint, fairly small, almost round, small bright core.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7512 = St IX-34 on 28 Sep 1878. His position is an exact match with UGC 12414. Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on
10 Oct 1884, assumed it was new and reported it in list II-99 as "B; pL;
R; bM. Easy in presence of a half
moon." His position is 12
seconds of RA too small.
******************************
NGC 7513 = ESO
469-022 = MCG -05-54-023 = UGCA 437 = AM 2310-283B = PGC 70714
23 13 14.0 -28
21 27
V = 11.4; Size 3.2'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 108d
17.5"
(10/13/90): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, bright
core. Located 3' NNW of a wide
bright pair consisting of mag 8.1 SAO 191733 and a mag 10 star at 52"
separation. NGC 7507 lies 18' SW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7513 = m 530 on 24 Sep 1864 and logged "vF, pL, E,
gbM." His position is
accurate. E.E. Barnard independently found this galaxy in Sep 1883
(Sidereal Messenger, Vol 2, p 226) with his 5-inch refractor at Nashville.
Barnard described it as "faint, moderate size, in field with and 20'
nf GC 4900 [NGC 7507] and close north-following 2 stars", but the galaxy
is NNW of the stars. He soon
published a note (Sidereal Messenger, Vol 2, p 290) that his object was the
same as GC 6131 = NGC 7513.
******************************
NGC 7514 = UGC
12415 = MCG +06-50-026 = CGCG 515-027 = PGC 70689
23 12 25.9 +34
52 53
V = 12.5; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 132d
17.5"
(8/13/88): fairly faint, fairly small, oval WNW-ESE, weak concentration. Located 3.2' SSE of mag 8.5 SAO 73084.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7514 = St VIII(a)-27 on 21 Sep 1876 using the 31" reflector
at the Marseille Observatory. His
position is off by 0.7' (too far northeast).
******************************
NGC 7515 = UGC
12418 = MCG +02-59-008 = CGCG 431-015 = LGG 471-002 = PGC 70699
23 12 48.7 +12
40 45
V = 12.4; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 15d
17.5"
(9/23/89): moderately bright, fairly small, oval ~N-S, bright core. Collinear with a bright wide double
star 8' SSE (8.9/9.0 at 27").
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7515 = H III-220 = h2214 = Sw V-96 on 19 Oct 1784 (sweep 299)
and recorded "vF, S, irr R, r."
His position matches UGC 12418.
He found the galaxy again on 23 Nov 1785 (sweep 476) and noted "F,
R, bM, about 1 1/2' in diam."
JH also made 3 observations.
Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy on 29 Sep 1886 and recorded
"pB; pS; R; double star points to it." Swift's position is 10' too far north, but his description
applies.
******************************
NGC 7516 = UGC
12420 = MCG +03-59-010 = CGCG 454-006 = PGC 70703
23 12 51.9 +20
14 54
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 110d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, irregularly round, small bright core, faint halo.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7516 = m 531 on 5 Sep 1864 and noted "F, vS,
stellar." His position is off
by 1' northwest.
******************************
NGC 7517 = MCG
+00-59-008 = CGCG 380-010 = PGC 70715
23 13 13.8 -02
06 02
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 148d
17.5"
(8/1/87): faint, very small, round, seen with direct vision. A mag 13 star is 0.9' WNW. Located 2.3' S of mag 8.8 SAO 146567. Located in the NGC 7556 group with NGC
7506 23.5' ESE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7517 = m 532 on 5 Oct 1863 and noted "vF, vS,
stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7518 = UGC
12422 = MCG +01-59-012 = CGCG 406-020 = Mrk 527 = LGG 473-002 = PGC 70712
23 13 12.7 +06
19 18
V = 13.4; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 126d
24"
(1/1/16): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated
NW-SE, 30"x24", small brighter nucleus. Forms a pair with superthin UGC 12433 (axial ratio 10:1),
located 6.6' due north. Outlying
member of the Pegasus I cluster.
UGC 12423
appeared very faint, very thin streak at least 8:1 NW-SE, ~1.5'x10", very
small brighter nucleus. The
southeast extension was longer than the northwest. Situated directly between a mag 10.8 star 2.3' SW and a mag
12.7 star 1.8' NE.
17.5"
(11/1/86): faint, fairly small, diffuse, very slightly elongated, small weak
concentration. Observation in poor
seeing.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7518 = m 533 on 29 Aug 1863 and noted "vF, S, R." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7519 = UGC
12424 = MCG +02-59-009 = CGCG 431-016 = PGC 70713
23 13 11.3 +10
46 20
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 165d
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, fairly small, almost round, diffuse. Located 6' N of a wide double star mag
9/11 at 21".
Albert Marth discovered
NGC 7519 = m 534 on 5 Oct 1864 and noted "vF, pL." His position is a perfect match with
UGC 12424. Harold Corwin notes
that Bigourdan's RA "correction" in the IC 2 notes applies to another
galaxy (UGC 12416 = Mrk 526) that is located 28 seconds of RA further west and
2.5' north. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7520 = IC
5290?? = ESO 535-008 = MCG -04-54-014 = PGC 70705
23 12 53.3 -23
28 09
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 66d
18"
(10/25/08): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.4', very
weak concentration. Situated
between two fainter doubles 5' NNE (a 15" pair of mag 13.5/14.5 stars) and 5' S (a 10" pair of mag 14
stars). Another mag 13 star lies
2' SE.
NGC 7520 is
listed as nonexistent in most sources.
Harold Corwin suggests the possibility that NGC 7520 is equivalent to IC
5290 (described above).
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7520 = T I-49 in 1876 and noted "class II size; class III
brightness; seen repeatedly; position difficult to determine." There is nothing near his rough
position (given only to the nearest min of time and noted as very uncertain
"::"). Herbert Howe was
unsuccessful in locating it on two nights at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver
and RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent.
Harold Corwin
suggests that NGC 7520 may be identical to IC 5290, discovered by Johann Palisa
on 4 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna (1897AN....143...49W). This requires Tempel's declination to
be 20' too far south, though the RA is less than a minute off.
******************************
NGC 7521 = MCG
+00-59-009 = CGCG 380-011 = PGC 70725
23 13 35.3 -01
43 53
V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 165d
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, very small, round, very small bright core, stellar
nucleus. NGC 7524 not seen 2.8'
E. NGC 7517 lies 22' SSW. Located within the NGC 7556 group.
17.5"
(7/20/90): similar appearance as earlier observation by NGC 7524 also observed.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7521 = m 535, along with NGC 7524, on 18 Nov 1864 and noted
"vF, pS, psbM." His
position is accurate. See notes
for N7524.
******************************
NGC 7522
23 15 36.4 -22
53 41
=*?, Corwin. Not
found, RNGC
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7522 = LM II-472 in 1886 at Leander McCormick Observatory and
recorded "mag 16.0; 0.3' dia, iR, sbM?; *10 in PA 75¡ at 3.2'
separation." There is nothing
at Muller's rough position (nearest min of RA) and Howe was unsuccessful in
finding it on 3 nights.
Confusingly, ESO places 535-009 at the nominal NGC position but there is
no obvious galaxy there. RNGC
classifies the number as nonexistent
Corwin suggests
NGC 7522 might be a faint star 1 min 45 sec of RA following Muller's position
(typical error). A mag 11-12 star
is 3' separation in PA 70¡
matching Muller's description.
******************************
NGC 7523 = CGCG
431-018 = PGC 70726
23 13 34.7 +13
59 12
V = 14.8; Size 1.1'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 3d
17.5" (7/19/90):
very faint, very small, round (must have viewed the core only). A mag 14/15 double star is off the
north edge. Forms a close pair
with NGC 7525 2.5' NE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7523 = m 536, along with NGC 7525, on 3 Nov 1864 and noted
"eeF, E." His positions for both objects are off 1' too far
southwest.
******************************
NGC 7524 = MCG
+00-59-010 = PGC 70737
23 13 46.6 -01
43 48
V = 15.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 172d
17.5"
(7/20/90): extremely faint, very small, round. Located 2.8' E of NGC 7521 in the large NGC 7556 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7524 = m 537, along with NGC 7522, on 18 Nov 1864 and noted
"eF, vS." His position
and relative separation with NGC 7522 is accurate.
CGCG (380-046)
completely misplaces NGC 7524 by over 5¡ and apparently this large error was
repeated in the RNGC rectangular coordinates. The error was listed in my RNGC Corrections #5.
******************************
NGC 7525 = CGCG
431-019 = Mrk 316 = PGC 70731
23 13 40.4 +14
01 16
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5"
(7/19/90): faint, very small, round, weak concentration, extremely faint star
involved or faint stellar nucleus.
Forms a pair with NGC 7523 2.5' SW. On the DSS, an extremely faint companion is at the north
edge.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7525 = m 538, along with NGC 7523, on 3 Nov 1864 and noted
"eF, vS, vlE, gbM."
******************************
NGC 7526
23 14 02.1 -09
13 15
18"
(10/25/08): at 174x this object appears as a mag 14 star with a nearby very
small knot (sometimes resolved) close SSE [35"]. At 450x the "knot" is cleanly resolved into a
close, faint triple star with components 15-15.5 and separations 9" and
13". Located 29' WSW of mag
4.2 91 Aqr.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7526 = H III-470 on 28 Nov 1785 (sweep 479) and logged "eF,
vS, 240x left it doubtful."
There is no nebulous object near his position. Karl Reinmuth (1926) reported finding on a Heidelberg plate
"3 F st in line 10¡, no neb; *14 np nr." Harold Corwin also tentatively identifies NGC 7526 as a
short line (length of 20") of three mag 15 stars (length of 20").
******************************
NGC 7527 = UGC
12428 = MCG +04-54-031 = CGCG 475-045 = PGC 70728
23 13 41.8 +24
54 08
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 165d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, small bright core.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7527 = m 539 on 5 Sep 1864 and noted "vF, vS,
stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7528 = 2MASX
J23142026+1013531 = PGC 70770
23 14 20.3 +10
13 53
V = 15.1; Size 0.4'x0.3'
17.5"
(9/23/89): extremely faint and small, round, low surface brightness. Located 5.5' NE of mag 8.9 SAO 128054.
Ainslie Common
discovered NGC 7528 = Nova #26 in August of 1880 with his 36-inch reflector and
simply noted "F, S." His
approximate position (obtained by reading the setting circles) is 25 seconds of
RA due west of PGC 70770.
Bigourdan could not find this galaxy (at V = 15, perhaps too faint for
his 12.5-inch refractor. This
galaxy is not in MCG or CGCG.
******************************
NGC 7529 = UGC
12431 = MCG +01-59-014 = CGCG 406-024 = PGC 70755
23 14 03.2 +08
59 33
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, fairly small, almost round, almost even surface
brightness. Located 14.5' E of mag
7.6 SAO 128037. Outlying member of
the Pegasus I cluster.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7529 = T IV-12 on 2 Jul 1880 and noted "vF, I thought it
was Comet Faye." His
micrometric position matches UGC 12431 to within a few arcseconds.
******************************
NGC 7530 = MCG
-01-59-004 = KTS 71A = PGC 70759
23 14 11.8 -02
46 46
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 120d
24"
(8/7/13): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE,
27"x18", moderate concentration with a small brighter core. First in a trio (KTS 71) aligned SW to
NE with NGC 7532 4' NE. A mag 10.7
star lies 2.7' ENE.
17.5"
(8/1/87): faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W, very small brighter core. First in a trio on a SW-NE line with
NGC 7532 4.1' NE and NGC 7534 6.1' NE in the NGC 7532-7556 group.
13"
(9/29/84): faint, diffuse, even surface brightness, slightly smaller than NGC
7534 4.1' NE. Member of the NGC
7532-7556 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7530 = m 540, along with NGC 7532 and 7534, on 1 Oct 1864 and
noted "eF, vS, alm stellar."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7531 = ESO
291-010 = MCG -07-47-025 = AM 2312-435 = LGG 472-002 = PGC 70800
23 14 48.5 -43
36 00
V = 11.3; Size 4.5'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 15d
13.1"
(9/3/86): moderately bright, fairly small, oval ~N-S, brighter core. Located 7.0' due west of mag 8 SAO
231518. Appears bright for such a
low elevation galaxy from Northern California.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7531 = h3975 on 2 Sep 1836 and recorded "pB; S; lE;
pgmbM." His single position
is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7532 = MCG
-01-59-005 = Mrk 529 = KTS 71B = PGC 70779
23 14 22.2 -02
43 41
V = 13.6; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 150d
24"
(8/7/13): brightest and largest in a trio of NGC galaxies (KTS 71) in a 6'
string oriented SW to NE. At 375x
appeared moderately bright and large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, well concentrated
with a small bright round nucleus.
A mag 10.7 star lies 2.3' S.
NGC 7534 is 2' NE and NGC 7530 is 4' SW. Situated 6.8' SE of mag 7.1 HD 219200.
17.5"
(8/1/87): brightest and largest of three on a line with NGC 7530 4.1' SW and
NGC 7534 2.1' NE. Fairly faint,
fairly small, elongated NW-SE, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 6.8' SE of mag 7.5 SAO 146580.
13"
(9/29/84): brightest and largest of trio, fairly faint, small bright core,
slightly elongated.
13"
(11/5/83): very faint, small, round.
Second of three with NGC 7530 3' SW and NGC 7534 2' NNE. Located SE of a mag 7 star in the NGC
7532/7556 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7532 = m 541, along with NGC 7530 and 7534, on 1 Oct 1864 and
noted "vF, vS, lE." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7533 = CGCG
380-013 = PGC 70778
23 14 22.1 -02
02 01
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 135d
17.5"
(7/20/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, small brighter
core. Located 5.6' NW of mag 8.9
SAO 146588 in the NGC 7556 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7533 = m 542 on 5 Oct 1864 and noted "F, S, R." His position is accurate. CGCG misidentifies CGCG 380-053 as NGC
7533. The correct CGCG entry is
380-013.
******************************
NGC 7534 = MCG
-01-59-006 = KTS 71C = PGC 70781
23 14 26.6 -02
41 54
V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 15d
24"
(8/7/13): faintest and last of three with NGC 7530 and 7532. At 375x appeared fairly faint, small,
elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 24"x15".
A mag 14 star is off the south side. Located 2' NE of NGC 7532 (brightest in the trio) and 6' SE
of mag 7 HD 219200.
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated N-S. A mag 15 star is just off the south edge 30" from the
center. Third of three on a line
with NGC 7532 2.0' SW and NGC 7530 6.1' SW. Located 6.3' SW of a mag 7.5 star in the NGC 7556 group.
13" (9/29/84):
faintest of three in a group.
Faint, very small, possibly slightly elongated. Located 3' NE of NGC 7532.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7534 = m 543, along with NGC 7530 and 7532, on 1 Oct 1864 and
noted "eF, vS, lE." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7535 = UGC
12438 = MCG +02-59-010 = CGCG 431-023 = LGG 471-003 = PGC 70761
23 14 12.7 +13
34 54
V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.4
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, fairly small, very diffuse, sharp stellar nucleus or star
superimposed. Pair with NGC 7536
9.2' S.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7535 = Sw V-97, along with NGC 7536, on 29 Sep 1886 and recorded
"eeeF; pS; R; ee diff.; bet. a faint near star and a bright star
following; n of 2 [with NGC 7536]."
His position is accurate and the description applies.
******************************
NGC 7536 = UGC
12437 = MCG +02-59-011 = CGCG 431-022 = LGG 471-004 = PGC 70765
23 14 13.3 +13
25 38
V = 13.4; Size 1.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 56d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, fairly small, oval SW-NE, bright core. A group of five stars are within a 3'
radius including a mag 13 star 1.3' NW, a mag 12 star 2.5' NE and a mag 11 star
2.4' SSW. Pair with NGC 7335 9.2'
N in the NGC 7556 group.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7536 = Sw V-98, along with NGC 7535, on 29 Sep 1886 and recorded
"eeF; pS; R; curiously placed in a ring of 6 stars np of
center." His position and
description is accurate. This is
one of several candidates that Corwin suggests might be John Herschel's NGC
7555.
******************************
NGC 7537 = UGC
12442 = MCG +01-59-016 = CGCG 406-028 = Holm 805b = PGC 70786
23 14 34.5 +04
29 54
V = 13.2; Size 2.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 79d
17.5"
(8/10/91): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 1.5'x0.5',
much brighter core has a fairly high surface brightness, narrow faint
extensions from core. Forms a
striking pair with NGC 7541 3.1' NE.
13"
(9/3/83): faint, small, elongated ~E-W, thin extensions, slightly brighter
core, 3' SW of brighter and larger NGC 7541.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7537 = H II-429 = h2215 on 30 Aug 1785 (sweep 427), along with
NGC 7541, and recorded "Two, the time and polar distance is that of the
largest [NGC 7541]; pB, mE about 4' l; extended mbM about 1' broad, the extent
nearly in the parallel. The other
[NGC 7537] is vF, cS, about 3 or 4' sp the large one; and but for the large one
might have been overlooked."
JH reported (sweep 95), "F; S; R; bM; the sp of 2 [with NGC
7541]."
******************************
NGC 7538 = LBN
542 = Sh 2-158 = Ced 209
23 13 38 +61 30
42
Size 10'x5'
18"
(9/3/08): at 115x, this HII region appears bright, fairly large, surrounding
two mag 11.5 stars SW-NE with a faint star to the west of the SW star. The main portion of the nebulosity is
elongated SW-NE and extends 3'x2'.
Using an OIII filter, fainter nebulosity extends on the NE side, making
an oval 4.5'x3'. The brightest
portion is on the southwest side and this high surface brightness area encases
the faint star mentioned above.
17.5"
(8/10/91): fairly large elongated emission nebula 2.0'x0.75' oriented
NW-SE. Surrounds two mag 11.5
stars oriented SW-NE (PA = 35¡) with a separation of 30". The nebulosity extends SW of the pair
and is brightest just west of the pair.
A mag 15 star is at the SW end and a mag 14 star is 30" W of the
southern mag 11.5 star. At 100x
using an OIII filter the nebulosity is very bright and a fainter glow also
extends east of the pair to a size of 3'x2'.
8": faint
nebulosity with two mag 12 stars involved. Appears elongated and fairly large. Easy to view with averted.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7538 = H II-706 on 3 Nov 1787 (sweep 773) and recorded "vF
nebulosity of 3 or 4' extent, contains two considerable stars, but they do not
seem to be connected with it."
On 26 Nov 1788 (sweep 887) he noted "2 pS stars involved in
nebulosity, about 2' l and 1 1/2' broad, pBM." In his 1814 PT paper WH
argued that this was too unusual to be line of sight arrangement and the stars
had formed within the nebula!
Ralph Copeland sketched the nebula using LdR's 72" in Sep 1873 and
showed two extremely faint, curved thin "tails" extending east and
west.
******************************
NGC 7539 = UGC
12443 = MCG +04-54-035 = CGCG 475-048 = PGC 70783
23 14 29.5 +23
41 05
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 165d
17.5"
(9/23/89): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, small bright core,
stellar nucleus, diffuse elongated halo.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7539 = h2217 on 17 Aug 1828 and recorded "F; S; R: psbM;
12"." His single
position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7540 = CGCG
454-010 = PGC 70788
23 14 36.1 +15
57 01
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(7/17/93): very faint, very small, round, very small slightly brighter
core. A mag 13 star is 1.9' ENE of
center. Forms a pair with NGC 7551
11.1' E. The close companion just
44" W (misidentified as NGC 7551 in the RNGC and PGC) was not seen.
17.5"
(7/19/90): very faint, very small, round, small bright core. A mag 13 star is 2' E. NGC 7567 lies 25' ESE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7540 = m 544 on 3 Nov 1864 and noted "F, vS,
stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7541 = NGC
7581 = UGC 12447 = MCG +01-59-017 = CGCG 406-030 = Holm 805a = PGC 70795
23 14 43.9 +04
32 04
V = 11.7; Size 3.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 102d
17.5"
(8/10/91): bright, fairly large, edge-on 4:1 WNW-ESE, 3.0'x0.75', large
slightly brighter middle bulges.
Has an irregular surface brightness with mottling and appears brighter
on the west side. A mag 12 star is
off the east edge 2.1' from center.
Forms a striking pair with NGC 7537 3.1' SW.
8"
(11/8/80): faint, fairly large, edge-on E-W. A mag 12.5 star is close east. Forms a pair with NGC 7537 3' SW. Located in the Pisces Circlet.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7541 = H II-430 = h2216 on 30 Aug 1785 (sweep 427) and recorded
"Two. The following [NGC 7541] pB, mE in parallel, mbM, about 4' long, 1'
broad." JH logged "vB;
L; 10¡ np to sf; 80"; the nf of 2 [with NGC 7537]; a * 10m sf."
******************************
NGC 7542 = CGCG
431-025 = PGC 70796
23 14 41.6 +10
38 36
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 117d
17.5"
(9/23/89): extremely faint, very small, round, weak concentration.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7542 = m 545 on 5 Oct 1864 and noted "eF, eS,
stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7543 = UGC
12450 = MCG +05-54-052 = CGCG 496-065 = PGC 70785
23 14 34.6 +28
19 38
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 140d
17.5"
(8/13/88): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, bright core,
stellar nucleus. Pair with CGCG
496-062 7.5' NNW. Located 17' W of
61 Pegasi (V = 6.5).
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7543 = St IX-35 on 19 Sep 1878 using the 31" reflector at
the Marseille Observatory. His
micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7544 = PGC
70811
23 14 56.9 -02
11 58
V = 15.1; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 58d
17.5"
(7/20/90): very faint, very small, round.
A string of four stars mag 13 oriented N-S is 3' E including a pair at
23" separation. Member of the
NGC 7556 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7544 = m 546 on 18 Nov 1864 and noted "eF, vS." His position is accurate to within 1'.
******************************
NGC 7545 = ESO
347-004 = MCG -07-47-026 = AM 2312-384 = PGC 70840
23 15 32.0 -38
32 03
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 80d
17.5"
(10/20/90): extremely faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, low surface
brightness. A mag 11 star is
attached at the west end 27" from the center. Very difficult to view due to poor seeing at a low
elevation.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7545 = h3976 on 4 Sep 1834 and recorded "pF; S; R; or lE;
vgvlbM; attached to a * 10m in parallel." His position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7546 = MCG
-01-59-007 = PGC 70820
23 15 05.6 -02
19 29
V = 15.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 5d
24"
(9/29/16): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~4:3,
0.4'x0.3', irregular shape. A knot
or the core seems offset towards the north side. Forms a close pair with MCG -01-59-008 2' N. The companion appeared very faint,
fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 25"x8", even surface
brightness. Located 10' WNW of NGC
7556 in a large group of galaxies.
17.5"
(8/1/87): extremely faint, fairly small, almost round, can barely hold steadily
with averted. Located in the NGC
7532-7556 group with NGC 7556 10.3' ESE.
13"
(9/29/84): very faint, very diffuse, fairly small. Located 10' WNW of NGC 7556.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7546 = m 547 on 1 Oct 1864 and noted "eF, S, lE." His position matches MCG -01-59-007 =
PGC 70820 to within 1'. Harold Corwin agrees with this identification but notes
that NGC 7546 could be MCG -01-59-008, a fainter galaxy 2' north. This seems unlikely to me as I didn't
notice it while viewing -007 with my 17.5".
******************************
NGC 7547 = HCG
93C = Arp 99 NED1 = UGC 12453 = MCG +03-59-013 = CGCG 454-011 = KTG 78A = PGC
70819
23 15 03.4 +18
58 24
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 98d
24"
(12/28/13): at 282x appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately
large, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 ~E-W, moderate concentration to a brighter
core. First in the HCG 93 quintet.
24"
(12/1/13): at 375x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2
~E-W. Strongly concentrated with a
nearly round, small bright core.
First of 5 in HCG 93, with brighter NGC 7550 3.1' ESE.
18"
(9/3/05): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, 0.7'x0.3'. Contains a nearly stellar brighter
core, otherwise the surface brightness is nearly even. Located 3' W of NGC 7550 in a group of
five galaxies (HCG 93).
18"
(8/27/05): faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 0.5'x0.25'. Located 3' W of NGC 7550 in HCG 93.
17.5"
(9/7/96): faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W, weak concentration with a slightly
brighter rounder core. First of
five in HCG 93 with NGC 7550 3.0' ESE.
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, oval ~E-W, weak concentration. First of three with NGC 7549 5.2' NE
and NGC 7550 3.0' E in the HCG 93.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7547 = h2218 on 26 Aug 1827 and simply noted "the np of 2
[with NGC 7550]. His single
position is pretty accurate so there is no doubt with the identification. Herman Schultz measured an accurate
micrometric position at Uppsala.
******************************
NGC 7548 = UGC
12455 = MCG +04-54-036 = CGCG 475-050 = PGC 70826
23 15 11.1 +25
16 55
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 15d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, slightly elongated, broad concentration. Located 23' SSE of mag 6.7 SAO 91126.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7548 = Au 50 on 30 Sep 1861 with the 11-inch Merz
refractor at Copenhagen. He noted
a faint star (called mag 16 and mag 17 on his two observations) preceded by 11
seconds of time. The star is
exactly where he placed it, though closer to mag 13.5. The discovery was early enough to be
included in Auwers' 1862 list of 50 new nebulae.
******************************
NGC 7549 = HCG
93B = Arp 99 NED3 = UGC 12457 = MCG +03-59-014 = CGCG 454-013 = KTG 78C = PGC
70832
23 15 17.2 +19
02 30
V = 13.0; Size 2.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 8d
24"
(12/28/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 0.8'x0.6', the
central region is very weakly concentrated. There was hint of structure with a strong impression of a
short arm on the west side extending south. A mag 11.0 star is 1.3' WNW of
center. NGC 7547 = HCG 93C lies
3.8' ENE and NGC 7550 = HCG 93A is 5' due south.
24"
(12/1/13): fairly faint or moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2
N-S, ~60"x40". Contains
a brighter central region that only has a weak, broad concentration towards the
center and no distinguishable nucleus.
A mag 11 star lies 1.4' WNW of center.
18"
(9/3/05): fairly faint, fairly small, irregular round, 0.5', weak
concentration. Situated 1.3'
following a mag 10.5 star and 5' N of NGC 7550 in HCG 93.
18"
(8/27/05): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface
brightness. Follows a mag 10.5
star and 4.8' N of NGC 7550.
17.5"
(9/7/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, very weak
concentration. Situated 1.3'
following a mag 10.5 star within the HCG 93 quintet and 4.8' N of NGC 7550 =
HCG 93a. Listed dimensions include
extremely faint plumes not seen visually.
17.5"
(9/23/89): fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~N-S, almost even surface
brightness. Located 1.3' ESE of a
mag 10.5 star. Second brightest in
HCG 93 with NGC 7550 4.8' S and NGC 7547 5.2' SW.
Bindon Stoney
discovered NGC 7549 = GC 4912 on 2 Nov 1850, along with NGC 7553, while
observing NGC 7547 and NGC 7550
and noted "4 neb in the field, perhaps another [including NGC 7547 and
7550]." No positions were
given, though. A diagram made in
1877 was published in the 1880 publication. Heinrich d'Arrest independently discovered this galaxy on 30
Aug 1864 and made a total of 4 observations. Herman Schultz also measured an accurate micrometric
position, attributing the discovery to d'Arrest. Bigourdan noted the
equivalence of d'Arrest's GCS 6151 and LdR's GCS 4912. Dreyer combined the two GC designations
in the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7550 = HCG
93A = Arp 99 NED2 = UGC 12456 = MCG +03-59-015 = CGCG 454-012 = KTG 78B = PGC
70830
23 15 16.0 +18
57 42
V = 12.2; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 171d
24"
(12/28/13): at 282x appeared fairly bright, moderately large, slightly
elongated, 0.9'x0.75', strongly concentrated with a very bright core that
increases to a sharp stellar nucleus.
Brightest in the HCG 93 quintet with NGC 7547 3.1' WNW and NGC 7549 4.9'
N.
24"
(12/1/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright to fairly bright, moderately
large, irregularly round, 1.0'x0.8', strongly concentrated with a bright core
that increases to a very bright small nucleus. Occasionally, a bright stellar nuclear pip was visible
within the small nucleus.
Brightest in the HCG 93 quintet.
18"
(9/3/05): moderately bright, fairly small, round, slightly elongated,
0.8'x0.7', fairly strong concentration, small bright core, stellar nucleus.
18"
(8/27/05): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.6', gradually
increases to a small, bright core and stellar nucleus. HCG 94 lies 32' SE!
17.5"
(9/7/96): moderately bright, fairly small, halo elongated 4:3 N-S, 1.5'x1.2',
sharply concentrated with a round, bright core and nearly stellar nucleus. Brightest in the HCG 93 quintet. HCG 94 lies only 32' SE!
17.5"
(9/23/89): brightest in a group of 11 NGC galaxies and HCG 93. Moderately bright, fairly small,
slightly elongated ~N-S, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Forms a triple system with NGC 7549
4.8' N and NGC 7547 3.0' W. Also
nearby is NGC 7558 5.9' ENE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7550 = H III-181 = h2219 on 18 Sep 1784 (sweep 277) and recorded
"vF, vS, R, 240 confirmed it.
His position is 34 sec of RA too large (noted by Dreyer in his 1912
"Scientific Papers of WH").
JH measured an accurate position for this galaxy and listed it as h2219
with description "pB; R; 20", the sf of 2 [with NGC 7547]",
although due to his father's poor position, he thought it was new.
******************************
NGC 7551 = 2MASX
J23152200+1556251
23 15 22.0 +15
56 25
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.1'
17.5"
(7/17/93): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very small
brighter core, stellar nucleus.
Located 11.1' E of NGC 7540.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7551 = m 548 on 3 Nov 1864 and noted a "neb. star
13m." His position is less
than 1' south of PGC 3978375, which has a very faint star superimposed on the
southwest side.
RNGC
misidentifies a close companion 20" NE of NGC 7540 as NGC 7551. This identification is clearly wrong as
Marth placed NGC 7541 45 seconds of RA following NGC 7540 (both were found on
the same night). Malcolm Thomson
reported this error in his unpublished "Catalogue Corrections" as
well as Harold Corwin in his NGC identification notes.
******************************
NGC 7552 = Grus
Quartet = IC 5294 = ESO 291-012 = MCG -07-47-028 = VV 440 = LGG 472-003 = PGC
70884
23 16 11.0 -42
34 59
V = 10.6; Size 3.4'x2.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 1d
30"
(10/21/17 - OzSky): at 264x; very bright, very large, elongated 5:2 E-W,
~2.3'x0.9'. A brighter bar extends
E-W along the major axis. The
center is punctuated by a sharp, extremely bright stellar nucleus. A spiral arm is attached at the east
end of the major axis. The
beginning of the arm was clearly visible rotating towards the south but dimmed
out after ~0.6'. The main part of
the galaxy is embedded in an extremely low surface brightness halo, ~3' in
diameter. A mag 13.5 star is off the west end [2.2' from center] and a mag 12
star is at the edge of the outer halo [1.8' S of center]. NGC 7583, the first in the Grus
Trio with 7590 and 7599, lies 28' ENE.
13.1"
(11/5/83): fairly faint, small, elongated E-W, small bright nucleus. A mag 10 star lies 4.4' W and a mag 11
star is off the south side. The
Grus trio consisting of NGC 7582, NGC 7590 and NGC 7599 are roughly 35' NE with
the entire group called the Grus Quartet.
James Dunlop
discovered NGC 7552 = D 475 = h3977 on 7 Jul 1826 and claimed 4
observations. He described the
first member of the Grus Quartet as "a small faint nebula, rather
elongated in the parallel of the equator, about 30" broad, and 40"
long; there is a pretty bright point situated near the centre of the nebula: a
small star precedes it." JH
made a single observation on 2 Sep 1836, logging "B, S, mE, nearly in
parallel; vsbM to a star 13m."
JH credited Dunlop with the discovery.
Lewis Swift
found the galaxy again on 22 Oct 1897 and reported it as new in list XI-226 =
IC 5294 with description "pB; pS; R; 8m * p." His RA is just 9 seconds too small and
his description of the brighter star clinches the equivalence.
******************************
NGC 7553 = HCG
93D= CGCG 454-015 = PGC 70842
23 15 33.1 +19
02 53
V = 14.7; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.6
24"
(12/28/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter. A 12" pair of mag 15.5 stars was
resolved 1.3' SE. In addition, a
7" pair of mag 16.1/16.4 stars was noticed 3.5' ENE and often was merged
into a single slightly fuzzy glow at 282x.
24"
(12/1/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Contains a faint, quasi-stellar
nucleus. Located 3.8' ENE of NGC
7549 in HCG 93.
18"
(8/25/06): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. A very faint and close pair of mag 15
stars lies 1.4' SE.
18"
(9/3/05): very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter. Contains a sharp stellar nucleus in
steady moments. Located 4' E of
NGC 7549 within HCG 93.
18"
(8/27/05): very faint, extremely small, round, 0.2' diameter, occasional
stellar nucleus. Located 3.9' E of
NGC 7549 in HCG 93.
17.5"
(9/7/96): very faint, very small, round.
Located 3.9' E of NGC 7549 = HCG 93b. An extremely faint and close double star ~1.5' SE also
appears as a nebulous object at times.
Faintest of five (along with NGC 7558) in HCG 93.
Bindon Stoney
discovered NGC 7553 = GC 4913, along with NGC 7557, at Birr Castle on 2 Nov
1850 and noted "4 neb in the field, perhaps another [including NGC 7547
and 7550]." The 4th brightest
galaxy in the field is CGCG 454-015, and this was likely seen by Stoney. The 6
Sep 1855 description reads "3 neb [NGC 7547, 7550, 7549], F, S, and
perhaps 2 more vS and F f[ollowing] them." A diagram of the field was made at Birr Castle on 6 Oct 1877
and confirmed on 10 Oct 1877 showing four objects including NGC 7547, 7549 and
NGC 7550, although the direction of drift shown is somewhat off. The object shown in the upper right
corner of the diagram should be CGCG 454-015, but the placement better matches
16th magnitude 2MASX J23153890+1858171.
Perhaps it's one of the others that were suspected.
******************************
NGC 7554 = III
Zw 99 = PGC 70850
23 15 41.3 -02
22 43
V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9
24"
(9/29/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 15" diameter. NGC 7554 is one of the close companions
of brighter NGC 7556, which is centered just 48" E.
17.5"
(7/20/90): very faint, very small, round, low even surface brightness. Forms a close pair with much brighter
NGC 7556 47" ESE. Located in
a large galaxy group.
Albert Marth discovered
NGC 7554 = m 549 on 3 Aug 1864 and noted "eF, eS, alm stell, near h 2220
[NGC 7556]." His position is
just 3 seconds of RA preceding NGC 7556 and matches PGC 70850.
The RNGC appears
to misidentify a faint galaxy 5' southwest of NGC 7556 as NGC 7554, although
there may simply be an error in position for NGC 7556 as the rectangular
coordinates don't match. This
error is listed in my RNGC Corrections #5.
******************************
NGC 7555
23 15 36 +12 35
=Not found,
Carlson.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7555 = h2221 on 11 Sep 1828 and recorded "F; R; bM; place
very rough; two or three more nebulae suspected in the neighborhood." His RA and NPD are marked with +/- to
the nearest minute of time and minute of arc, respectively. There is nothing near his position, but
if JH was off mostly in RA then NGC 7515 is a candidate. If he was mostly off in declination,
then NGC 7563 is another possibility.
Neither d'Arrest, Schultz or Vogel could recover this object, though one
observation was claimed at Birr Castle (but of which object?). Dorothy Carlson reported "Not
Found" in her 1940 NGC/IC Correction paper and Corwin concludes the same.
******************************
NGC 7556 = MCG
-01-59-009 = PGC 70855
23 15 44.4 -02
22 53
V = 12.7; Size 2.5'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 123d
24"
(9/29/16): at 375x and 500x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 or
3:2 WNW-ESE, ~0.8'x0.5', well concentrated with a bright core, high surface
brightness. Surrounded closely by
several smaller and fainter companions including NGC 7554 48" W, NGC 7556A
just 19" SW, LEDA 195267 1.4' SE and LEDA 195265 3.3' SSE. A mag 10.6 star is 2.7' E.
At 500x; NGC
7556A appeared extremely faint and small, round, ~8" diameter. Situated at the southwest edge of the
halo of NGC 7556. At 375x LEDA
195267 appeared fairly faint, small, round, 15" diameter. LEDA 195265 was a difficult object,
extremely faint and small, round, 6" diameter.
17.5"
(8/1/87): moderately bright, moderately large, oval ~E-W, bright core. Forms a close pair with NGC 7554
47" WNW of center. Brightest
in the large NGC 7532-7556 group.
13"
(9/29/84): moderately bright, moderately large, almost round, brighter core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7556 = H II-235 = h2220, along with NGC 7566, on 20 Sep 1784
(sweep 279) and noted "vF, pS." His summary description (based on a
later observation) reads "F, pL, broadly E." JH reported "pB, R,
a bright double * follows".
His single position is accurate. LdR's assistant Bindon Stoney observed the galaxy on 4
Nov 1850 and wrote, "Has nucleus; I suspect a F, S, neb about 1'
sf." Very likely this second
nebula is LEDA 195267, situated 1.4' SE of NGC 7556 (described in my 24"
observation). The RNGC declination
is 3' too far north.
******************************
NGC 7557 = MCG
+01-59-021 = CGCG 406-035 = LGG 473-016 = PGC 70854
23 15 39.7 +06
42 30
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0
24"
(1/1/16): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, weak
concentration to the center. Located
4.6' WNW of brighter NGC 7562. NGC
7557 lies midway between mag 9.4 SAO 128068 9' NW and mag 9.5 SAO 128073 8' SE.
18"
(11/22/08): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Forms a pair with brighter NGC 7562
4.5' ESE.
17.5"
(8/27/87): faint, small, round, small brighter core. A mag 15 star is 1' S.
Located 4.7' WNW of much brighter NGC 7562.
17.5"
(11/1/86): faint, small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, diffuse. Precedes NGC 7562 by 5'.
Bindon Stoney
(perhaps along with his brother George Johnstone Stoney) discovered NGC 7557 on
16 Sep 1852 and recorded "another neb about 6' p and 1' n of h2224 [NGC
7562], pB, vmbM, 40"."
R.J. Mitchell found it again on 23 Oct 1857 and noted "a new neb about
4' p[receding] h2224, F, vS, R."
His offset is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7558 = HCG
93E = MCG +03-59-016 = PGC 70844
23 15 38.2 +18
55 11
V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8
24"
(12/28/13): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S,
16"x12", low even surface brightness. The redshift of this galaxy is over ~70% greater than the
other four members of HCG 93, so it is probably a background object.
24"
(12/1/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Nearly collinear with two mag 14.5
stars [22" separation] located ~2.8' S.
18"
(8/25/06): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Collinear with two mag 14.5-15
stars. Furthest east of five
members viewed in HCG 93.
18"
(9/3/05): extremely faint, very small, round. Can hold steadily with averted vision. A close, faint pair of mag 14.5-15
stars (separation 22") lies 2.6' south.
18"
(8/27/05): extremely faint, extremely small, round. Collinear with a pair of faint stars to the south that help
in pinpointing the location.
17.5"
(9/7/96): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Collinear with a pair of mag 14.5 stars
oriented N-S that lie 2.5' S. This
galaxy and HCG 93D = CGCG 454-015
= NGC 7553? (NGC identification uncertain) are the two faintest members of the
HCG 93 quintet. Located 6' SE of
NGC 7550 = HCG 93A.
17.5"
(9/23/89): extremely faint, very small, round. An easy pair of mag 14.5 stars with separation 22"
oriented N-S lies 2.5' S. Located
5.8' ESE of NGC 7550 in HCG 93 and faintest of four viewed.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7558 = m 550 on 3 Nov 1864 and noted "eeF, neb *
13m." His position is
accurate. This galaxy was probably
first found by LdR or assistant Bindon Stoney on 2 Nov 1850 and noted again on
6 Sep 1855, though it was just mentioned as an additional nebula in the field,
without any comment about the location.
******************************
NGC 7559 = UGC
12463 = MCG +02-59-013 = CGCG 431-028 = PGC 70864
23 15 46.6 +13
17 25
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.0
24"
(8/30/16): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated,
45"x35", small bright core.
A mag 15.5 star is 0.8' NE.
With averted vision, NGC 7559A = MCG +02-59-014 was seen just off the
NNW edge [24" from center].
It appeared extremely faint [V ~15.5] and small, perhaps 8"
diameter. On the SDSS this is an
edge-on galaxy, but I probably only noticed the brighter nucleus. It was a bit easier to view at
282x. NGC 7563 lies 6.2' SSE. A mag 9.3 star 8.7' SW forms the vertex
of an isosceles triangle with NGC 7563 and 7559.
17.5"
(9/23/89): fairly faint, fairly small, bright core, oval SW-NE. Forms a pair with NGC 7563 6.1'
SSE. This is a double system but
the fainter companion was not seen.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7559 = H III-221 = h2222 on 19 Oct 1784 (sweep 299) and recorded
"Two [along with NGC 7563 = III-222], eF, R, S, both alike." He found the galaxy again on 23 Nov
1785 (sweep 476) and noted "vF, S." JH made 4 observations and remarked on sweep 15, "F; R;
bM; 30"."
MCG lists the
components separately as MCG +02-59-013 = NGC 7559a and MCG +02-59-014 = NGC
7559b, but NED identifies MCG +02-59-014 as NGC 7559A and MCG +02-59-014 as NGC
7559B.
******************************
NGC 7560
23 15 53.9 +04
29 45
=**,
Carlson. =8" double star,
Gottlieb
Herman Schultz
discovered NGC 7560 = Nova X, along with NGC 7561, on 5 Oct 1864 with the
9.6-inch refractor at Uppsala Observatory. At Schultz's micrometric position is a double star (POSS2
separation 8"). Karl Reinmuth
identified this double star as NGC 7560 in his photographic survey at
Heidelberg (Dorothy Carlson and the RNGC repeated this identification).
******************************
NGC 7561
23 15 57.7 +04
31 20
=*,
Carlson. =*14, Gottlieb.
Herman Schultz
discovered NGC 7561 = Nova XI, along with NGC 7560, on 5 Oct 1864 with the
9.6-inch refractor at Uppsala Observatory. At his micrometric position is a mag 14 star. Karl Reinmuth reported "mag 14.5
star, no nebulosity" and this is repeated by Dorothy Carlson and in the RNGC.
******************************
NGC 7562 = UGC
12464 = MCG +01-59-024 = CGCG 406-039 = LGG 473-003 = PGC 70874
23 15 57.5 +06
41 15
V = 11.6; Size 2.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 83d
24"
(1/1/16): fairly bright, fairly large, oval 3:2 ~E-W, ~1.2'x0.8'. Sharply concentrated with a very bright
core that increases to the center.
The much fainter halo gradually fades out at the periphery. A mag 13.8 star is 1.8' E. NGC 7557 lies 4.6' WNW and NGC 7562A is
2.3' SSE. Two extremely faint
"stars" [mag 16.3 or fainter] were glimpsed close to the position of
NGC 7562A and one of these may have been the core of the galaxy as it
occasionally seemed non-stellar and possibly elongated N-S. Possible outlying member of the Pegasus
I cluster.
18"
(11/22/08): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 ~E-W,
1.2'x0.8'. Contains a very bright
core surrounded by a much fainter halo.
The core is concentrated to a bright, quasi-stellar nucleus.
17.5"
(8/27/87): fairly bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~E-W, bright
core, stellar nucleus.
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly bright, fairly small, strong bright core, fainter halo
slightly elongated ~E-W. Forms a
pair with NGC 7557 4.7' WNW. NGC
7591 lies 35' ESE and NGC 7564 36' N.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7562 = H II-467 = h2224 on 25 Oct 1785 (sweep 464) and recorded
"pB, pL, irr figure." JH
made the single observation "B; S; R; psbM; 15"." and measured an
accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7563 = UGC
12465 = MCG +02-59-015 = CGCG 431-029 = LGG 471-007 = PGC 70872
23 15 55.9 +13
11 46
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 155d
24"
(8/30/16): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, contains a small bright round
core with very faint extensions (bar) E-W. A very low surface brightness halo is elongated 2:1 NW-SE
(clearly offset the axis of the "bar"), ~1.2'x0.6'. A group of stars is close east
including a mag 10.5 star 2.2' ESE.
NGC 7559 (double) lies 6.2' NNW.
The trio lies at a distance of 200 million l.y.
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, slightly elongated, small bright core, stellar
nucleus. Located 2.3' WNW of a mag
10 star. Pair with NGC 7559 6.1'
NNW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7563 = H III-222 = h2223 on 19 Oct 1784 (sweep 299) and recorded
"Two [along with NGC 7559 = III-221], eF, R, S, both alike." He found the galaxy again on 23 Nov
1785 (sweep 476) and noted "vF, S." JH made 4 observations and remarked (sweep 15), "pB; S;
R; smbM; a B * near; the s f of 2 [with NGC 7559]."
******************************
NGC 7564
23 16 01.2 +07
20 52
=*, Corwin.
CGCG 406-036
(identified as NGC 7564 in the RNGC, PGC, Megastar, etc.) appeared faint,
small, elongated WNW-ESE. Located
5.7' SSW of a mag 10 star. This
star is at the north end of a 8' string of 6 or 7 stars oriented NNW-SSE. The galaxy lies just west of the middle
of this string. NGC 7562 is
located 37' SSE.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7564 = B. 96 on 7 Oct 1885 and noted as
5"-6" diameter. At the
exact position in the Comptes Rendus list is a mag 14 star. RNGC and PGC misidentify CGCG 406-036 =
PGC 70843 as NGC 7564. Malcolm
Thomson classifies NGC 7564 as nonexistent in his unpublished "Catalogue
Corrections". Harold Corwin
identifies NGC 7564 with the star at Bigourdan's position.
******************************
NGC 7565
23 16 19 -00 03
30
=Not found,
Corwin. =*, Carlson.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7565 on 14 Dec 1865 using the 9.5-inch Merz equatorial while an
assistant to Father Secchi. It was
found while searching for Biela's comet but there is nothing at his position.
Reinmuth reported a "*15 in Dreyer's place." based on a Heidelberg
plate. No modern catalogue
identifies NGC 7565 and Harold Corwin lists it as lost.
******************************
NGC 7566 = MCG
-01-59-010 = PGC 70901
23 16 37.4 -02
19 50
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 115d
24"
(9/29/16): at 500x; fairly faint or moderately bright, elongated 2:1 NW-SE,
~0.6'x0.3', small bright nucleus.
Bracketed by two mag 14.5 stars [27" ESE and 36" WNW of
center]. Member of a group with
brightest member NGC 7556 13.5' WSW.
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, small, oval.
Bracketed by two mag 14.5 stars 37" WNW and 27" E of
center. Also a mag 14 star is 1.1'
SW. Located 13' ENE of NGC 7556 in
the NGC 7532-7556 group.
13"
(9/29/84): within a triangle of 3 faint stars, elongated ~WNW-ESE, diffuse.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7566 = H III-185, along with NGC 7554, on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep
279) and logged vF, pS, irr E." His summary description (based on a second
observation) mentions "3 faint stars visible in it." Bigourdan measured an accurate position
on 7 Nov 1885 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7567 = UGC
12468 = MCG +03-59-019 = CGCG 454-016 = KUG 2313+155A = WBL 702-001 = PGC 70885
23 16 10.8 +15
51 03
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 76d
17.5"
(7/19/90): very faint, very small, very elongated 4:1 WSW-ENE. A mag 12.5 star is off the ENE end
[1.2' from center]. NGC 7551 lies
13' NW and NGC 7540 is 24' WNW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7567 = m 551 on 3 Nov 1864 and noted "eeF, vS,
E." His position is 1' too
far south.
******************************
NGC 7568 = NGC
7574? = UGC 12469 = CGCG 475-058 = PGC 70892
23 16 24.9 +24
29 49
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 120d
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, very low even
surface brightness.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7568 = St VIII(a)-28 on 17 Oct 1876 using the 31" reflector
at the Marseille Observatory. His
position matches UGC 12469. Harold
Corwin proposes that NGC 7574, discovered by d'Arrest ten years earlier on 2
Oct 1866, refers to this galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7569 = UGC
12472 = MCG +01-59-026 = CGCG 406-041 = III Zw 100 = PGC 70914
23 16 44.5 +08
54 20
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 88d
18"
(10/25/03): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 0.8'x0.6'. A distinctive group of four mag 12-13
stars is SE. The closest star is
2' SE while the other three are 4' SE and arranged in an isosceles right
triangle with sides 0.9', 1' and 1.5'.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7569 = Sw IV-93 on 6 Sep 1886 and logged "vF; vS; R; 3
faint stars south-following form a small right angle triangle." There is nothing near his position and
no stars to the southeast matching his description. But Harold Corwin was able
to identify UGC 12472 as NGC 7569.
This galaxy is exactly two degrees south of Swift's position (matches in
RA) and there is a small right triangle of stars 5' southeast. So, the identification is certain. No modern catalogues identify UGC 12472
as NGC 7569 and RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent (Type 7).
******************************
NGC 7570 = UGC
12473 = MCG +02-59-018 = CGCG 431-032 = LGG 471-005 = PGC 70912
23 16 44.7 +13
28 59
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 30d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, fairly small, oval SW-NE, fairly low surface brightness
except for small bright core. NGC
7559 is located 20' SW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7570 = H III-238 on 17 Nov 1784 (sweep 320) and logged "eF,
eS. 240 confirmed with
difficulty." His position is
only 40" south of the center of UGC 12473.
******************************
NGC 7571 = NGC
7597?? = MCG +03-59-032 = CGCG 454-032
23 18 30.3 +18
41 19
See observing
notes for NGC 7597. =**?,
Bigourdan and Reinmuth. =NGC 7578,
RNGC.
Herman Schultz
discovered NGC 7571 on 25 Sep 1867 with the 9.6-inch refractor at Uppsala
Observatory. In his remarks to NGC
7550 in "Micrometrical Observations of 500 Nebulae" he mentions
"A poor stellar group of pretty bright stars follows the above nebulae
[NGC 7547, 7549, and 7550] about 1 1/2 minutes; and the whole region following
this stellar group seems nebulous:
a group of small nebulae or a considerably extended nebulosity with
several knots?...Description and position do not at all agree with III. 181
[NGC 7550]!" There is nothing
near the NGC position. Karl
Reinmuth reported "identif very doubtful; vF** dist 0.3' 135d, np *
nebulous?, N7571 = N7578?"
Bigourdan's "corrected" position from 23 Sep 1886 applies to
this double star. This equivalence
is repeated in the RNGC.
Harold Corwin
notes there is no group of "pretty bright stars" 1.5 minutes
following NGC 7547/7550 as in Schultz's description, but there is such as group
at this separation from NGC 7578.
If Schultz was confused and was actually referencing NGC 7578, then NGC
7571 may be a duplicate of NGC 7597 (the brightest in a group). This identification is very uncertain,
though, as I feel NGC 7597 is too faint for Schultz to have picked up.
******************************
NGC 7572 = MCG
+03-59-023 = CGCG 454-021 = PGC 70919
23 16 50.4 +18
28 59
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 162d
18"
(8/25/06): faint, small, very elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.25', *12 1'
NNE. Probable member of AGC 2572
with core HCG 94.
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, very small, irregularly round, broad weak
concentration. A mag 12 star is
1.3' NE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7572 = m 552 on 3 Nov 1864 and noted "eeF, alm
stellar." His position is
just 1' too far south.
******************************
NGC 7573 = ESO
604-008 = MCG -04-54-017 = AM 2313-222 = PGC 70893
23 16 26.3 -22
09 16
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 42d
17.5"
(7/25/95): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE,
50"x40", no concentration, very low surface brightness. Located 4.4' ENE of a mag 11 star.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7573 = LM II-473 in 1886 and recorded "mag 15.8; 0.7' dia;
iR; bnp; *10 in PA 290¡ at 4.4'."
There is nothing at his position but 1 min of RA west is ESO 604-008. Muller's star is 5.5' west. Herbert Howe noted the approximate RA
correction in his 1900 list of NGC/IC comments.
******************************
NGC 7574 = NGC
7568? = UGC 12469 = CGCG 475-058
23 16 24.9 +24
29 49
See observing
notes for NGC 7568. NGC
identification very uncertain.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7574 on 2 Oct 1866 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. There is nothing near
his single position. Karl Reinmuth
reported it not found, and this was repeated by Dorothy Carlson and the RNGC.
Harold Corwin suggests that if d'Arrest made both a 30' error in declination
(too far south) and 30 seconds in RA (too far east), then NGC 7574 is
equivalent to NGC 7568, discovered by Stephan 10 years later. As both errors involve single digits,
this solution is reasonable (though not certain).
******************************
NGC 7575 = CGCG
406-044 = MCG +01-59-028 = Holm 807a = PGC 70946
23 17 20.9 +05
39 39
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 108d
18"
(10/25/03): faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20"x15". Difficult to pin down orientation, though
appears roughly E-W. Forms a 1'
pair with fainter MCG +01-59-028.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7575 = m 553 on 29 Aug 1864 and noted "F, S,
vlE." There are no galaxies
near Marth's position, only mag 15 stars 2' northwest and 3' east-south. Karl Reinmuth reported "Not
Found" on a Heidelberg plate and Dorothy Carlson equates it with star
(repeated in the RNGC).
Harold Corwin
suggests that NGC 7575 = CGCG 406-044 = PGC 70946 (brighter of a pair). This galaxy is located 1¡ south of
Marth's position and requires he made a single digit transcription error. See
Corwin's notes for discussion.
******************************
NGC 7576 = MCG
-01-59-012 = PGC 70948
23 17 22.7 -04
43 40
V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 165d
17.5"
(8/7/91): moderately bright, fairly small, round, even concentration to a
bright core containing a stellar nucleus.
Forms a pair with NGC 7585 10.7' NE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7576 = H II-454 on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 455) and logged "F, S,
almost stellar." His position
is off by 1.6' southeast. Nearby
NGC 7585 had been discovered previously.
******************************
NGC 7577 = PGC
70947
23 17 17.1 +07
21 56
V = 15.4; Size 0.3'x0.2'
17.5"
(11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Forms a close pair with a mag 15 star
off the ENE edge 23" from center that confuses the observation. Cannot hold steadily with averted at
220x but observation certain.
Faintest in trio and located 8.8' due west of NGC 7583 and 9.5' SW of
NGC 7604.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7577 = B. 97 on 7 Oct 1885 . His position in the
Comptes Rendus list is just 1' north of PGC 70947, an extremely faint galaxy
that is not listed in CGCG or MCG.
A mag 15 star just 23" northeast certainly contributed to the
appearance of nebulosity. This
object is probably Bigourdan's faintest discovery. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7578 = NGC
7578B = HCG 94A = Arp 170 NED2 = VV 181a = (R)NGC 7578A = UGC 12478 = MCG
+03-59-025 = CGCG 454-024 = PGC 70934
23 17 13.6 +18
42 29
V = 14.1; Size 0.4'x0.4'
48"
(10/27/16): at 488x; bright, fairly small, round, sharply concentrated with a
very bright core that gradually increases to the center and a low surface
brightness ~30" halo. A mag
14.5 star is at the NE edge [17" from center]. Forms a bright double
system with NGC 7578A = HCG 94B 0.6' SW.
The companion appeared fairly bright, small, round, sharply concentrated
with a very bright core increasing to small intense nucleus. HCG 94D, just northeast of the mag 14.5
star, is faint to fairly faint (V = 16.1), very small, round, 8" diameter,
even surface brightness.
HCG 94C, the
third brightest (V = 15.1) and perhaps the largest in the septet, is 2.2'
NE. It appeared moderately bright
and large, very elongated at least 3:1 NNW-SSE, ~30"x10", well
concentrated with a sharp bright nucleus.
HCG 94F, just 0.5' NW, is very faint (V = 17.0), very small, slightly
elongated, 8"x6". HCG
94G, 0.9' N of HCG 94C, is an extremely small, very faint glow (V = 17.2), only
6" diameter. Completing the
septet is HCG 94E, 1.2' NNE of NGC 7578.
This extremely faint (V = 16.9) edge-on extends 0.4'x0.1' and has a very
low even surface brightness. The
observation was made through thin clouds.
This septet lies at a distance of ~570 million light years.
24"
(8/14/15): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 24"
diameter, very small bright nucleus.
A mag 14.5 star is just off the northeast side [17" from
center]. Forms a double system
with NGC 7578A = HCG 94B just 34" SW. The companion appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, contains a very small, bright nucleus. NGC 7578C = HCG 94D, just 27" NE, is the faintest of 4
in HCG 94 and appeared extremely faint and small, round, only 6" diameter,
visible only part of the time.
Finally HCG 94C lies 2.2' NE and appeared faint to fairly faint, small,
elongated at least 3:2 N-S, contains a small brighter core and very faint
extensions NNW-SSE, 18"x10". The quartet (along with the mentioned star) are in a
2.8' linear string oriented SW-NE.
24"
(8/16/12): at 376x the brightest member of HCG 94 appeared moderately bright,
very small, round, 25" diameter, fairly high surface brightness, very small
bright nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is
barely off the northeast end.
Forms a close pair with HCG 94B (34" between centers) with HCG 94D
only 24" NE (very close to the mag 14.5 star). HCG 94B (NGC 7578A) appeared fairly faint, very small,
round, 20" core surrounded by a very low surface brightness halo. HCG 94D (NGC 7578C) appeared extremely
faint and small, round, 6" diameter.
HCG 94C lies 2.2' NE and appeared faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S,
contains a very small slightly brighter core and faint extensions NNW-SSE,
~20"x10". A mag 14 star
lies 50" S.
18"
(8/25/06): this is the northeast component of a double system in HCG 94 (core
of AGC 2572). It appeared faint,
very small, round, 0.4' diameter with a mag 14.5 star just off the NE end.
18" (9/3/05):
fairly faint, very small, round, 25" diameter. A mag 14 star is very close at the NE edge and somewhat
confuses the view. Forms a double
with slightly fainter HCG 94B just 0.6' SW of center. The SW component appeared faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter.
18"
(8/27/05): at 323x, this double system is cleanly resolved. The NE component is faint, very small,
round, 20" diameter. A mag
14-15 star is just off the NE end and a second mag 14 star lies 50"
south. Just separated from HCG
94B, which lies 34" SW of center.
17.5"
(9/7/96): fairly faint, small, round, 45" diameter. A mag 14 star is at the NE edge and a
second mag 14 star 0.9' S. Forms a
double system with UGC 12477 = HCG 94b on the SW side of the halo. The brighter cores of the galaxies are
cleanly resolved but both appear to be encased in a common outer halo. The faintest member, HCG 94c, lies 2.2'
NE. HCG 93 lies only 32' NW!
17.5"
(9/23/89): this is the brightest member of the HCG 94 compact group in AGC 2572
(identified as NGC 7578B in RC2, UGC and HCG). Faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE. Attached to fainter NGC 7578A = HCG 94b
just 34" SW of center in a common halo. A mag 15 star is at the NE edge 15" from center and a
mag 14 star is off the south side 52" from center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7578 = H III-182 = h2225 on 18 Sep 1784 (sweep 277) and recorded
"2 vS stars about 2 or 3' distance with excessively faint nebulosity
between them. I saw also a third
star." He probably resolved
the pair, though his separation estimate is much too large. On 15 Oct 1784
(sweep 290), he logged "Suspected, E, 240 shewed 4 or 5 small stars with
seeming nebulosity but left it doubtful." JH simply called this object
"F" but his position matches - no mention of being double or nearby
faint stars. The brighter
northeast member is designated NGC 7578B in RC2, RC3, UGC, MCG and
Hickson. See Corwin's notes for a
full discussion.
******************************
NGC 7579 = MCG
+01-59-031 = CGCG 406-046 = PGC 70964
23 17 38.9 +09
26 00
V = 14.1; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 39d
24"
(9/30/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated,
18"x15". First in a
small group of galaxies within Pegasus II cluster with NGC 7584 3.5' due east
and CGCG 406-050 4.2' ESE.
Situated 6.7' SW of mag 7.6 HD 219728.
17.5"
(10/28/89): very faint, very small, slightly elongated. This Pegasus II member forms a trio
with NGC 7584 3.5' E and CGCG 406-050 4.2' ENE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7579 = m 554, along with NGC 7484, on 5 Oct 1864 and noted
"eF, vS, stellar." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7580 = UGC
12481 = MCG +02-59-019 = CGCG 431-034 = Mrk 318 = LGG 471-006 = PGC 70962
23 17 36.4 +14
00 04
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 45d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, bright core.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7580 = Sw V-99 on 25 Sep 1886 and recorded "vF; pS; R; F *
nr sp; 3 stars following point to it." His position and description is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7581 = NGC
7541 = UGC 12447 = MCG +01-59-017 = CGCG 406-030 = Holm 805a = PGC 70795
23 14 43.9 +04
32 04
See observing
notes for NGC 7541.
Horace Tuttle
discovered NGC 7581 on 11 Jan 1875 with the 26-inch refractor at the U.S. Naval
Observatory. Although Holden is credited with the discovery in the NGC,
Wolfgang Steinicke found in the USNO observations for 1875 the entry "Jan.
11. Nebula (nova). In looking for Encke's Comet, found a
vF, elongated nebula [alpha] = 23h 11m.4 [delta] = +3d 59. T[uttle].". There is nothing near his
position. In Die Herschel Nebel
(1927), Karl Reinmuth states "not found, =N7541". NGC 7541 is 3 minutes of RA west and 8'
south of Tuttle's position, but there is a mag 12-13 star just east, which
matches the NGC description (not in the .
So despite the very poor position this identification is possible. See Harold Corwin's notes for more.
******************************
NGC 7582 = Grus
Trio = ESO 291-016 = MCG -07-47-029 = LGG 472-004 = PGC 71001
23 18 23.5 -42
22 14
V = 10.6; Size 5.0'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 157d
30"
(10/21/17 - OzSky): at 264x; extremely bright, very large, very elongated ~3:1
NNW-SSE, ~3.6'x1.2'. Strong
concentration with an extremely bright elongated core and prominent
quasi-stellar nucleus.
Brighter along the spine of the major axis with a mottled or patchy
surface brightness. NGC 7582 is
the largest and most impressive in the Grus Triplet with NGC 7590 5' NE and NGC
7599 12.5' NE.
13.1"
(11/5/83): fairly large, diffuse, elongated NNW-SSE. First of three in the field with NGC 7590 9.8' NE and NGC
7599 12.6' NE.
James Dunlop
discovered NGC 7582 = D 476 = h3977 on 7 Jul 1826 and recorded "a small
faint round nebula, about 30" diameter: a double nebula follow
this." JH made a single
observation on 2 Sep 1836 and described "pB, L, pmE, gbM." His declination is 15' too large. DeLisle Stewart's corrected dec in the
IC 2 notes (from Ann Harv Coll Obs, vol LX, p175) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7583 = NGC
7605 = MCG +01-59-034 = CGCG 406-047 = PGC 70975
23 17 52.8 +07
22 46
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5"
(11/18/95): faint, small, round, well-defined 30" halo. Weak concentration to a small brighter
core. A mag 14 star is 1.1' W of
center. Brightest of trio with NGC
7604 = MCG +01-59-033 = CGCG 406-048 3.0' N and NGC 7577 8.8' W.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7583 = m 555 on 2 Sep 1864 and noted "vF, vS." His position is 2' north of CGCG
406-047 and 1' south of CGCG 404-048.
Since he only observed one of these galaxies on this date, it's
reasonable to assume he picked up CGCG 406-047, as this is the brighter
galaxy. Marth probably found this
galaxy again three months later on 29 Nov 1864 as m 568 = NGC 7605 but his RA
was 1.0 tmin too large. So, NGC
7583 = NGC 7603 = CGCG 406-047.
CGCG doesn't use the NGC designation and misidentifies CGCG 406-048 as
NGC 7583. This latter galaxy is
probably NGC 7604.
******************************
NGC 7584 = MCG
+01-59-035 = CGCG 406-049 = PGC 70977
23 17 53.0 +09
26 00
V = 14.4; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1
24"
(9/30/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. In a trio with CGCG 406-050 1.1' NE and
NGC 7579 3.5' due W. Located 4.5'
SSW of mag 7.6 HD 219728. CGCG
406-050 appeared faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter. A mag 14 star is 0.9' SE. Member of the Pegasus II cluster.
17.5"
(10/28/89): very faint, very small, round. A mag 15.5 star (or extremely faint and small galaxy) is off
the SW edge. A mag 14 star is 1.3'
ENE. Forms a trio with CGCG
406-050 1.1' NNE and NGC 7579 3.5' W. Located 4.6' SSW of mag 7.6 SAO 128095 in the Pegasus II
cluster. CGCG 406-050 appeared
extremely faint and small, round.
A mag 15.5 star is less than 1' WSW and a mag 14 star is 1' SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7584 = m 556, along with NGC 7579, on 5 Oct 1864 and noted
"eF, vS, stellar." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7585 = Arp
223 = MCG -01-59-015 = PGC 70986
23 18 01.2 -04
38 58
V = 11.4; Size 2.3'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 105d
17.5"
(8/7/91): bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, small very bright
core, stellar nucleus. Located
8.0' SSE of mag 8.5 SAO 146621.
Forms a pair with NGC 7576 10.7' SW. NGC 7592 lies 15' NE.
8"
(9/25/81): faint, small, small bright nucleus. Two mag 8 stars are in the field to the north and NW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7585 = H II-236 = h2226 = h3979 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 279) and
noted "pB, irr E, r." On
5 Oct 1785 (sweep 455) he noted "pB, pL, iR, mbM." JH made an observation from Slough as
well as the Cape of Good Hope (accurate position).
******************************
NGC 7586 = PGC
1349697
23 17 55.6 +08
35 03
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'
17.5"
(11/18/95): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, slight central
brightening. Located 3.8' NW of
mag 9 SAO 128097 and collinear with a mag 12 star 1.3' SE of the mag 9
star. RNGC and CGCG misidentify
CGCG 406-045 as NGC 7586.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7586 = m 557 on 2 Sep 1864 and noted "eF, vS, alm
stellar." His position is
less than 1' northwest of extremely compact PGC 1349697. Bigourdan also made two observations of
this galaxy and Reinmuth also appears to have identified this galaxy correctly.
RNGC, CGCG, PGC,
HyperLeda misidentify the double system CGCG 406-045 as NGC 7586. This galaxy is located 20' south of
Marth's and Bigourdan's position. Malcolm discussed this identification in Q.
Jl R. astr. Soc. (1991), 32, 17-24 and his unpublished "Catalogue
Corrections".
******************************
NGC 7587 = UGC
12484 = MCG +01-59-037 = CGCG 406-052 = PGC 70984
23 17 59.1 +09
40 49
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 123d
24"
(9/30/16): moderately to fairly bright, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE,
~50"x18", high surface brightness, small bright core. A mag 11 star is 2.5' NE. Forms a close pair with CGCG 406-051
[51" between centers]. The
companion appeared very faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 20"x10".
17.5"
(10/28/89): faint, fairly small, very elongated NW-SE, weak concentration. Forms a close pair with CGCG 406-051
0.9' S. The companion is extremely
faint and small, round. At z =
.029, this galaxy is twice the redshift of the main members of Pegasus I, so
perhaps is a member of the Pegasus II cluster.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7587 = m 558 on 5 Oct 1864 and noted "vF, vS, lE,
gbM." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7588 = MCG
+03-59-031 = CGCG 454-030 = PGC 70983
23 17 57.8 +18
45 08
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6
18"
(8/25/06): very faint, extremely small, round, 8" diameter with a
well-defined halo, even surface brightness. Located 2' NW of a 9th magnitude star and 8.6' NW of NGC
7597 in the core of AGC 2572.
17.5"
(9/23/89): extremely faint and small, round. This member of AGC 2572 is located on a line with a mag 13
star 1.0' SE and mag 8.8 SAO 108523 2.1' SE. Also lies 3.1' N of mag 8.6 SAO 108518.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7588 = m 559, along with NGC 7598 and 7602, on 3 Nov 1864 and
noted "eF, eS." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7589 = MCG
+00-59-019 = CGCG 380-024 = PGC 70995
23 18 15.6 +00
15 40
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 102d
17.5"
(8/1/87): very faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, weak concentration. Located 1.2' W of a double star with
components mag 11/14 at 18" separation. Forms a pair with NGC 7603 8' ESE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7589 = m 560, along with NGC 7603, on 23 Oct 1864 and noted
"eF, vS." His position
is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7590 = Grus
Trio = ESO 347-033 = MCG -07-47-030 = LGG 472-005 = PGC 71031
23 18 54.8 -42
14 21
V = 11.5; Size 2.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 36d
30"
(10/21/17 - OzSky): at 264x; very bright prominent ellipse, very elongated 3:1
SSW-NNE,, ~2.1'x0.7'. Strongly
concentrated with a very bright, elongated core that appears mottled. A mag
12.0 is attached on the east side of the northern end of the galaxy. Second of three in the Grus Triplet
with NGC 7599 5' ESE and NGC 7582 10' SW.
13.1"
(11/5/83): faint, small, elongated SW-NE.
A star is at the NE edge.
Forms a pair with NGC 7599 4.9' ESE. Second of three with NGC 7582 9.8' SW.
James Dunlop
discovered NGC 7590 = D 477.1 = h3980 on 14 Jul 1826, along with NGC 7599 and
recorded "two very small round nebulae [NGC 7590 and 7599], nearly the
same RA, and differing about 1' in polar distances." JH observed the pair of 2 Sep 1836 and
logged "pB; pmE; gbM; 90 arcseconds, the preceding of two [with NGC
7599]."
******************************
NGC 7591 = UGC
12486 = MCG +01-59-038 = CGCG 406-053 = PGC 70996
23 18 16.3 +06
35 09
V = 13.0; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 145d
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, weak
concentration. Located 34' ESE of
NGC 7562.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7591 = m 561 on 14 Aug 1864 and noted "pF, S, R,
vgbM." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7592 = MCG
-01-59-017 = VV 731 = PGC 70999
23 18 22.5 -04
24 59
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 57d
24"
(8/23/14): at 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, irregular. With careful viewing, the highest
surface brightness component is the core of the eastern galaxy (identified as
NGC 7592B = Mrk 928 in NED), with most of the glow extending southwest,
creating an asymmetric appearance.
The nucleus of the western galaxy (identified as NGC 7592A in NED)
appeared faint and extremely small, perhaps 5" diameter. The arm or wing to its north was not
seen. The two nuclei are separated by only 13" as measured on ALADIN.
17.5"
(8/7/91): faint, small, round. NGC
7592A, a very faint and extremely small companion (only the nucleus was
observed) attached at the west edge, was just resolved. NGC 7585 lies 17' SW. This is an interacting/colliding pair
on the POSS with nuclei only 15" apart!
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7592 = H III-186 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 279) and noted "eF
and vS." Heinrich d'Arrest
measured an accurate micrometric position on 2 Oct 1866.
******************************
NGC 7593 = UGC
12483 = MCG +02-59-020 = CGCG 431-035 = PGC 70981
23 17 57.0 +11
20 57
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 104d
17.5"
(8/27/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, even surface
brightness. A mag 15 star is at
the NE edge.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7593 = m 562 on 5 Oct 1864 and noted "F, S, R." There is nothing at his position but 23
seconds of RA west is UGC 12483 (same dec). Bigourdan measured an accurate position on 30 Oct 1886
(repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7594 = IC
1478 = UGC 12485 = MCG +02-59-023 = CGCG 431-037 = WBL 706-003 = PGC 70991
23 18 13.9 +10
17 54
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 30d
17.5"
(11/18/95): faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 0.8'x0.4', broad weak
concentration. The outer halo
increases in size with averted vision.
Brightest in a quartet (WBL 706) with IC's 5305, 5306, 5307. NGC 7594 is identified as IC 1478 in
UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3.
IC 5305 is
faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 3.8' NNE of a mag 11.5 star and
1.9' W of NGC 7594. Collinear with
two mag 14 stars 45" SSW and 1.4' SSW.
IC 5306 is
extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low surface
brightness. Collinear with IC 5305
3.4' NNW and two mag 14 stars 2.0' NNW and 2.7' NNW.
IC 5307 is
extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Faintest of four in NGC 7594 group and required averted to
glimpse.
Andrew Ainslie
Common discovered NGC 7594 = Nova #27 in August 1880 with his 36-inch reflector
and recorded "Faint, round, following 3 stars in a line [with orientation]
90¡ pointing to another fainter nebula south." His discovery position (estimated using setting circles) is
~6' southeast of UGC 12485, the brightest galaxy in a group and his description
applies. Bigourdan independently
discovered this galaxy on 22 Aug 1889, measured an accurate position and
catalogued it as Big. 239 (later IC 1478). All modern galaxy catalogues (as
well as HyperLeda) identify this galaxy as IC 1478.
The
"fainter nebula south" is IC 5306 (independently found by Kobold in
1897), and the northernmost of the "3 stars in line 90¡" is IC
5305! The two ICs, as well as IC
5307 were found by Kobold in 1897.
RC3, MCG, RNGC and DSFG misidentify IC 5306 as NGC 7594. I noticed this identification while
examining John Vickers' CCD Atlas.
Listed in my RNGC Corrections #7 as well as Harold Corwin's
identification notes.
******************************
NGC 7595 = PGC
71004
23 18 30.2 +09
55 57
V = 14.1; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5"
(11/18/95): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Collinear with two mag 14 and 15 stars
0.8' and 1.4' due S, respectively.
A group of four mag 11/12 stars lie ~3' NE. Located about 20' S of the NGC 7594 group (including IC's
5305, 5306 and 5307) in the northern part of Pegasus I cluster.
Ainslie Common
discovered NGC 7595 = Nova #28 in Aug of 1880 and simply noted "F,
stellar." His position
corresponds with PGC 71004. This
galaxy is not catalogued in the CGCG, MCG, RC3.
******************************
NGC 7596 = IC
1477 = MCG -01-59-011 = PGC 70932
23 17 12.0 -06
54 43
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 34d
17.5"
(7/25/95): faint, small, round, 30" diameter, very weak
concentration. Located nearly at
the midpoint of two mag 13.5 stars 1.1' W and 1.4' E. Two similar star are also 1.3' S and 2.3' SE. The PGC magnitude (B = 12.9) appears to
be too bright.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7596 = LM I-262 on 28 Sep 1886 and reported
"mag 13.5; pS; lE 180¡ [N-S], lbMN." There is nothing at his rough position (even the nearest min
of RA is marked uncertain), but 1.5 min of RA west is MCG -01-59-011 = PGC
70932. Harold Corwin checked
Leavenworth's sketched and confirmed it matches PGC 70932. Stephane Javelle found this galaxy 6
years later on 16 Sep 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory,
measured an accurate position for J. 485 (later IC 1477). So, NGC 7596 = IC 1477. MCG uses the IC designation.
******************************
NGC 7597 = NGC
7571?? = MCG +03-59-032 = CGCG 454-032 = PGC 71006
23 18 30.3 +18
41 19
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
18"
(8/25/06): fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 0.8'x0.7', broadly
concentrated halo rising quickly to a small, bright core. A faint double star lies 1.3' WSW. This galaxy is the brightest in the
core of AGC 2572. The cluster is
located within a group of 5 brighter mag 8-10 stars that detracts from viewing.
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, small, round, small bright core. Located between two mag 14 stars 1.2'
SW and 1.3' NE. Brightest of trio
with NGC 7598 3.7' NNE and NGC 7602 3.2' ENE in AGC 2572.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7597 = m 563 on 23 Oct 1864 and noted "eF, vS,
gbM." His position is 1'-2'
south of CGCG 454-032. Harold
Corwin proposes that Herman Schultz may have found this galaxy again on 25 Sep
1867 with the 9.6-inch refractor at Uppsala Observatory and it was recorded as
GC 6161 = NGC 7571. See that
number.
******************************
NGC 7598 = MCG
+03-59-033 = CGCG 454-033 = PGC 71011
23 18 33.3 +18
44 58
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5
18"
(8/25/06): extremely faint and small, round, 8" diameter. Forms a close "double" with a
slightly brighter mag 15 star.
Located 2.2' NE of a mag 9.8 star and 3.7' N of NGC 7597 in the core of
AGC 2572.
17.5"
(9/23/89): extremely faint and small, round. This member of AGC 2572 is located 2.2' NE of a mag 9.5
star. In a close trio with NGC
7597 3.7' SSW and NGC 7602 3.9' SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7598 = m 564, along with NGC 7588 and 7602, on 3 Nov 1864 and
noted "eF, eS, stellar."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7599 = Grus
Trio = IC 5308 = ESO 347-034 = MCG -07-47-033 = LGG 472-006 = PGC 71066
23 19 21.1 -42
15 25
V = 11.5; Size 4.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 57d
30"
(10/21/17 - OzSky): NGC 7599 is the third in the showpiece Grus Trio. At 264x it appeared very bright, very
large, elongated nearly 3:1 SW-NE, ~3.25'x1', broad concentration but no
distinct core or nucleus. The
surface brightness is uneven or mottled, though, likely due to spiral structure
or dust. The southwest end is more
tapered, with a very faint extension at the tip, while the northeast side ends
more abruptly. A mag 14 star is
superimposed on the north side, 0.8' NNE of center. A mag 12.8 star is off the
east side, 1.5' from center. NGC
7590 lies 5' WNW.
13.1"
(11/5/83): extremely faint, fairly large, very elongated SW-NE, at visual
threshold. Located 4.9' ESE of NGC
7590. Faintest of three nearly
edge-on galaxies in the field (Grus Quartet including NGC 7552). Observation hampered by very low
elevation from Northern California.
James Dunlop
discovered NGC 7599 = D 477.2 = h3981, along with NGC 7582, on 14 Jul 1826 and
recorded "two very small round nebulae, nearly the same RA, and differing
about 1' in polar distances."
JH observed the pair of 2 Sep 1836 and logged "F; pmE; gbM; 3';
[the following of two]."
Harold Corwin
notes that Lewis Swift's XI-227 = IC 5308, found on 8 Aug 1897 and described as
"eeF; S; cE; f of 7599." is likely a duplicate observation as he may
have confused NGC 7590 as 7599.
See his historical notes.
******************************
NGC 7600 = MCG
-01-59-019 = PGC 71029
23 18 53.8 -07
34 50
V = 11.9; Size 2.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 69d
13.1"
(11/5/83): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, bright core, faint
stellar nucleus. A group of bright
stars mag 8-9 to the NW forms a "V" asterism pointing to the E;
includes mag 7.8 SAO 146629 12' NW, mag 8.3 SAO 146619 16' WNW, mag 8.8 SAO
146626 16' NW and mag 8.5 SAO 146625 21' NW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7600 = H II-431 = h2227 on 10 Sep 1785 (sweep 435) and recorded
"vF, S, mbM, irregularly a little extended, r." JH made two observation, logging (sweep
186), "pB; R; psbM; 15"."
******************************
NGC 7601 = UGC
12487 = MCG +01-59-039 = CGCG 406-056 = PGC 71022
23 18 47.0 +09
14 01
V = 14.0; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 90d
24"
(9/30/16): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated E-W,
40"x32", low surface brightness, very weak concentration. A mag 12 star is 1.4' N. CGCG 406-063 lies 7.2' NE
17.5"
(10/12/85 and 10/28/89): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated oval
~E-W, diffuse, even surface brightness.
A mag 11.5 star is 1.4' N of center. Forms a pair with CGCG 406-063 7.1' NE in the Pegasus I
cluster. NGC 7584/NGC 7579 pair
lies 18' NW.
Andrew Ainslie
Common discovered NGC 7601 on 4 Aug 1880 with his 36-inch reflector. He reported "pB, diffused. Found in looking for Faye's
comet." His position is 2'
due north of UGC 12487 - an unusually good position.
******************************
NGC 7602 = MCG
+03-59-034 - CGCG 454-034 = PGC 71019
23 18 43.5 +18
41 54
V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9
18"
(8/25/06): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very small brighter
core. Located 3.2' NNW of an 8th magnitude star and
3' ENE of NGC 7597 in the core of AGC 2572.
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, extremely small, round, very faint stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star is 38" NNW of
center. Located 3.2' NNW of mag 8
SAO 108536. In a trio with NGC
7597 3.2' WSW and NGC 7598 3.9' NW within AGC 2572.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7602 = m 565, along with NGC 7588 and 7598, on 3 Nov 1864 and
noted "eF, eS, stellar."
His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7603 = Arp
92 = UGC 12493 = MCG +00-59-021 = CGCG 380-026 = Mrk 530 = PGC 71035
23 18 56.6 +00
14 38
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165d
48"
(10/29/16): at 610x; bright, moderately large, round, sharply concentrated with
a very bright core and an intensely bright stellar nucleus! The roundish halo gradually fades out
around 1.0' diameter. The
beginning of a tidal arm is occasionally visible on the south side, extending a
short distance to the southeast, but not reaching NGC 7603B. The apparent companion, resides far in
the background at a redshift distance of ~740 million ly. It appeared fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 0.3' diameter, very small brighter core, stellar nucleus. A hint of the apparent bridge from NGC
7603 is just visible close west, but was not seen as connected.
48"
(10/22/11): at 375x, this Seyfert galaxy is unusually sharply concentrated and
displayed an extremely bright stellar nucleus surrounded by an intensely
bright, 20" core with a much fainter outer halo extending 1.3'x1.0'. Forms a close pair with NGC 7603B = PGC
71041 just 1' SE. At 610x, the
small companion is just outside the halo of NGC 7603 and appeared fairly faint,
fairly small, round, 20" diameter.
24"
(9/1/16): at 220x; bright, small, round, contains a very small unusually bright
core that increases to an extremely bright stellar nucleus (Seyfert
galaxy)! Forms a close (line of
sight) pair with NGC 7603B 1.0' SE.
The companion appeared extremely to very faint, extremely small, only
~6" diameter, required averted to see (V = 15.9, B = 16.7).
17.5"
(8/1/87): moderately bright, fairly small, oval ~N-S, sharp concentration,
small bright core, stellar nucleus.
Forms a pair with NGC 7589 8' WNW.
Located 5.1' SW of a mag 9.5 star.
13"
(8/11/85): faint, small, round, sharp concentration, stellar nucleus. Located ~5' W of a mag 9 star.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7603 = m 566, along with NGC 7589, on 23 Oct 1864 and noted
"F, vS, stellar." His
position is accurate.
There is a
long-standing redshift controversy with this pair first mentioned by Arp in
ApL, 7, 221, 1971. NGC 7603, the
brighter galaxy, has a redshift z = .029 (~390 million ly) while its companion
NGC 7603B has a much higher redshift z = .057, placing it about twice the
distance (~740 million ly). But
there appears to be a luminous bridge connecting the objects that is easily
visible on the DSS. Also two quasars with much higher redshifts (z = .391
and z = .243) are embedded exactly on line of sight at the start and end of the
bridge.
******************************
NGC 7604 = MCG
+01-59-033 = CGCG 406-048 = PGC 70974
23 17 51.9 +07
25 48
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 90d
17.5"
(11/18/95): very faint, extremely small, round, 15" diameter, appears to
brighten slightly at the center.
Can just hold steadily with averted vision. Forms a pair with NGC 7583 = NGC 7605 3.0' S.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7604 = m 567, along with NGC 7605, on 29 Nov 1864 and noted
"eF, vS, bM." There is
nothing at his position bright enough to have been seen, but exactly 1.0 minute
of RA preceding is CGCG 406-048 = PGC 70974. This galaxy is 3' north of NGC 7583. Assuming Marth made the same 1.0 minute
recording error for NGC 7605 = m 568 (observed on same night), then NGC 7605
matches NGC 7583. Reinmuth and
RNGC also equate NGC 7604 = CGCG 406-048.
******************************
NGC 7605 = NGC
7583 = MCG +01-59-034 = CGCG 404-047 = PGC 70975
23 17 52.8 +07
22 46
See observing
notes for NGC 7583.
Albert Marth
found NGC 7605 = m 568, along with NGC 7604, on 29 Nov 1864 and noted "vF,
S, R, glbM." There is nothing
at his position, but 1.0 minute of RA preceding is CGCG 404-047 = NGC 7583,
which Marth had discovered a few months earlier on 2 Sep 1864. So, NGC 7605 = NGC 7583. See NGC 7604.
******************************
NGC 7606 = MCG
-02-59-012 = PGC 71047
23 19 05.1 -08
29 05
V = 10.8; Size 5.4'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 145d
13.1"
(11/5/83): fairly bright, large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, weak concentration,
diffuse halo, possible faint stellar nucleus. Bracketed between two mag 12/13 stars that lie 3' N and 2.5'
S of center.
8"
(11/8/80): faint, elongated.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7606 = H I-104 = h2228 = h3982 on 28 Sep 1785 (sweep 445) and
recorded "cB, cL, gmbM, nearly in the meridian, each end seems to
terminate in a very faint ray."
From the Cape of Good Hope, JH reported "F; pL; pmE; 2' l, 1 1/2'
br." On 18 Sep 1852, G.
Johnstone Stoney, observing with LdR's 72", logged "seemed narrowest
in the middle and to spread out at either end, a small star nnp nucl on edge of
neby. Query, a brighter streak f
nucl from np to sf [probably the eastern spiral arm]."
******************************
NGC 7607 = IC
1480
23 18 59.4 +11
20 30
=**, Corwin. Not
found, RNGC.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7607 = T IV-13 on 5 Aug 1880. At his ring micrometric position a faint double star and he
notes a 16th magnitude star 1/2' northeast. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan found this double again on
30 Oct 1886 and called it a "Small cluster 20 arcsec in diameter in which
I can distinguish at least two stars, perhaps accompanied by a little
nebulosity." His entry B. 240 in his 5th Comptes Rendus list became IC
1480, so NGC 7607 = IC 1480 = double star. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7608 = UGC
12500 = MCG +01-59-044 = CGCG 406-062 = LGG 473-004 = PGC 71055
23 19 15.3 +08
21 01
V = 14.2; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 20d
17.5"
(9/14/85): very faint, small, diffuse, very elongated ~N-S, even surface
brightness, requires averted. IC
5309 lies 14' S. Collinear with
mag 8.5 SAO 128112 7' SSW and mag 9 SAO 28111 8' SSW. A second wide bright pair lies 5.5' SE (mag 10/11 at
42"). Member of the Pegasus I
cluster.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7608 = m 569 on 25 Nov 1864 and noted "vF, pS, lE,
lbM." His position is 2' too
far southwest. Heinrich d'Arrest
independently discovered it on 2 Oct 1866 (single observation).
******************************
NGC 7609 = HCG
95A = Arp 150 NED1 = VV 20a = MCG +01-59-047 = CGCG 406-065 = PGC 71076
23 19 30.0 +09
30 30
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 135d
48"
(10/27/16): at 488x; bright, fairly small, roundish, sharply concentrated with
an intensely bright nucleus and a slightly elongated halo. NGC 7609 = HCG 95A forms an interacting
system with HCG 95D 0.4' SE. HCG
95D appeared fairly faint, small, round, 12"-15" diameter. The beginning of the tidal bridge or
loop connecting HCG 95D to NGC 7609 on the north side was faintly visible. MCG +01-59-048 = HCG 95B, situated 1.2'
SE, appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 7:2 NW-SE,
slightly brighter core, ~30" length.
Two mag 15 stars are close southwest. MCG +01-59-046 = HCG 95C, 1' SW of NGC 7609, is the faintest
in the quartet and appeared as a low even surface brightness sliver,
~30"x6" NW-SE. HCG 95B
is likely a a foreground galaxy based on the 2MASS redshift, with the other
three forming an interacting triplet.
48"
(10/23/11): bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 30"x25"
very bright core surrounded by a fainter halo. Forms an interacting pair with HCG 95D (25" between
centers) on the southeast side. At
488x the close duo was connected on the north side by a very faint loop or bridge! The tidal plume to the south of 95D
(forming a partial ring) was not seen.
The total size of the system is ~45"x30", oriented NW-SE.
18"
(9/3/05): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, 25"x20". Brightest in HCG 95 and forms a double
system with 95D. The attached
companion (VV 20b = HCG 95D) was extremely faint and small, round, 5"
diameter. It was only glimpsed a few times so the observation was not 100%
certain.
18"
(8/27/05): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. At times, appeared slightly elongated
~4:3, possibly due to HCG 95D which is attached to the southeast end. Located 3' WNW of a faint, unequal
double star.
17.5"
(9/7/96): very faint, small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 40"x30", very
little concentration. This is an interacting pair with HCG 95D attached at
southeast end (not seen) and HCG 95B lies just 1.2' SE. In the background of the Pegasus I
cluster.
17.5"
(10/28/89): very faint, very small, stellar nucleus or star superimposed. Located 18' NNE of NGC 7601 in the
Pegasus I cluster. On the POSS
this is a close double galaxy with stellar nuclei. Brightest in HCG 95.
17.5"
(10/12/85): faint, very small, faint stellar nucleus.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7609 = m 570 on 5 Oct 1864 and noted "vF, vS,
gbM." Although there are four
galaxies here (HCG 95), it's reasonable to assign NGC 7609 to the brightest
member only as it wasn't mentioned as double.
******************************
NGC 7610 = NGC
7616? = UGC 12511 = MCG +02-59-025 = CGCG 431-042 = LGG 473-010 = PGC 71087
23 19 41.4 +10
11 06
V = 13.0; Size 2.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 14.5
17.5"
(8/27/92): faint, moderately large, 1.5' diameter, low surface brightness, no
central concentration. A mag 12
star is just off the southwest edge 1.1' from the center. Located at the north edge of the
Pegasus I cluster.
Andrew Ainslie
Common discovered NGC 7610 in August of 1880 using his 36-inch reflector and
recorded "F, S, diffused."
His position is 10 seconds west and 1.7' south of UGC 12511. Nearby NGC 7616 (28 seconds of RA
larger) may be a duplicate observation.
******************************
NGC 7611 = UGC
12509 = MCG +01-59-049 = CGCG 406-066 = LGG 474-006 = PGC 71083
23 19 36.6 +08
03 48
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 139d
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, stellar nucleus. NGC 7619 lies 12.7' NE. Located 5.5' NNW of mag 7.1 SAO 128119
in the Pegasus I cluster.
13"
(9/22/84): faint, small, round, stellar nucleus, slightly elongated. A mag 7 star is 5' S. NGC 7619 is 12' NE.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7611 on 21 Sep 1862 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. He observed this
galaxy on 6 nights and noted several times it formed a triangle with two stars
(estimated at mag 17 and 18, though only mag 14). This galaxy appears to have been missed at Birr Castle
(NGC 7617 was seen instead).
******************************
NGC 7612 = UGC
12512 = MCG +01-59-050 = CGCG 406-068 = LGG 473-008 = PGC 71089
23 19 44.2 +08
34 35
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2d
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly faint, small, elongated, small bright core. Member of the Pegasus I cluster with
NGC 7615 11' S.
13"
(11/5/83): faint, very small, almost round, small bright nucleus, compact. Located 15' NW of NGC 7623.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7612 = m 571 on 26 May 1863 with the 11-inch refractor
at Copenhagen. It was first reported as #205 in his AN 1500 discovery list
(1864). Albert Marth independently
discovered it on 2 Sep 1864 and noted "pB, vS, psbM."
******************************
NGC 7613
23 19 54 +00 12
=Not found,
Corwin. Incorrect identification
in the RNGC.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7613 = Nova #3, along with NGC 7614, on 18 Dec 1865 while
searching for Biela's Comet. He
was using the 9.5-inch Merz equatorial at the College Romain as an assistant to
Father Angelo Secchi (see AN 1571). There is nothing at his position or any
pair nearby. Harold Corwin lists
this number as lost (not found).
The RNGC misidentifies PGC 71095 as NGC 7613. This (single) galaxy is located 12' due north of Ferrari's position
and too faint to have been picked up.
Most of Ferrari's discoveries are probably single or multiple
stars.
******************************
NGC 7614
23 20 00 +00 13
=Not found,
Corwin. =4*, Steinicke.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7614 = Nova #4, along with NGC 7613, on 18 Dec 1865 while
searching for Biela's Comet. Both
objects were given a single position, but there is no pair of galaxies in the
area. Most his discoveries are
missing (probably single or double stars). Karl Reinmuth was unable to identify
a candidate of a Heidelberg plate and Corwin lists the number as lost. Wolfgang Steinicke identifies NGC 7614
as a group of 3 faint stars at 23 19 52.6 +00 10 56, very close to Ferrari's
position.
******************************
NGC 7615 = MCG
+01-59-051 = CGCG 406-070 = PGC 71097
23 19 54.4 +08
23 58
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 152d
17.5"
(10/12/85): appears slightly brighter than NGC 7608, elongated ~NW-SE. A faint
star is off the east edge.
17.5"
(9/14/85): very faint, diffuse, slightly elongated. A mag 14 star is off the east edge 1.0' from the
center. This member of the Pegasus
I cluster is located 6' WNW of NGC 7621 and 7.5' W of NGC 7623.
13"
(11/5/83): extremely faint, at visual threshold, possibly slightly
elongated. A mag 14 star is off
the edge.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7615 = h2229 on 16 Aug 1830 and noted "pF; R;
psbM." His position is fairly
accurate although this galaxy was missed by d'Arrest (failed attempts in 1862
and 1865), Wilhelm Tempel and Herman Schultz (searched for in vain in 1865).
******************************
NGC 7616 = NGC
7610?? = UGC 12511 = MCG +02-59-025 = CGCG 431-042 = LGG 473-010 = PGC 71073
23 19 41.7 +10
11 06
See observing
notes for NGC 7610. (R)NGC 7616
not found 8/27/92, Grandview.
Andrew Ainslie
Common discovered NGC 7616 in August of 1880 and noted "pF,
diffused." There is nothing
at his position, 28 seconds of RA east and 1' south of his position for NGC
7610 (probably UGC 12511). The most likely scenario (suggested by
Harold Corwin) is that Common recorded the same galaxy twice at different
positions. See Harold Corwin's
notes.
RNGC
misidentifies PGC 71073 as NGC 7616.
This extremely faint galaxy is located 12 seconds west and 1' south (4'
southwest) of NGC 7610. I missed
PGC 71073 in my 17.5" on 27 Aug 1992 from an excellent high elevation site
(Grandview in the White Mountains).
******************************
NGC 7617 = MCG
+01-59-051A = CGCG 406-072 = WBL 710-001 = PGC 71113
23 20 09.0 +08
09 57
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 42d
17.5"
(9/14/85): faint, small, slightly elongated oval, brighter core. Forms a pair with much brighter NGC
7619 2.8' NNE in the Pegasus I cluster.
13.1":
(9/22/84): faint, very small, round.
Easy with averted.
13.1"
(11/5/83): very faint, very small, round.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7617 = m 572 on 23 Sep 1864 with the 11-inch refractor
at Copenhagen. He noted it
preceded NGC 7619 by 6.5 seconds of time and 2' to 2 1/2' south. Albert Marth
independently discovered NGC 7617 just two months later on 25 Nov 1864 while
observing the cluster. Both are
credited in the NGC (d'Arrest is listed first).
But Bindon
Stoney probably made the original discovery on 30 Aug 1851 at Birr Castle,
noting "I suspect 2 small nebula p[receding] h2330 [NGC 7619], though
perhaps they are stars." A
sketch in the 1880 publication shows NGC 7617 at the correct orientation with a
separation of 4'. Because of his uncertainty,
Stoney didn't receive credit in the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7618 = UGC
12516 = MCG +07-47-013 = CGCG 532-014 = PGC 71090
23 19 47.2 +42
51 09
V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 5d
17.5"
(9/26/92): faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 0.9'x0.6', weak even concentration
to a brighter core. Situated
midway between a mag 7.5 SAO 52915 6.8' N and a wide double star mag 9/11 at
26" located 8' S.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7618 = St X-40 on 8 Oct 1879. His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7619 = UGC
12523 = MCG +01-59-052 = CGCG 406-073 = LGG 473-011 = WBL 710-002 = PGC 71121
23 20 14.5 +08
12 22
V = 11.1; Size 2.5'x2.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30d
17.5"
(9/14/85): bright, elongated, bright core, stellar nucleus. This galaxy is the brightest and
largest member of the Pegasus I cluster along with NGC 7626 6.9' E. Forms a close pair with NGC 7617 2.8'
SSW. NGC 7626 lies 11.0' E and
difficult UGC 12518 lies 9.4' NW.
13"
(9/22/84): bright, small prominent core, largest in cluster.
8"
(9/25/81): faint, small, small bright nucleus.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7619 = H II-439 = h2230 on 26 Sep 1785 (sweep 442) and recorded
"vF and vS." His position
is accurate. JH made two
observations, reporting "pB; R; bM; 30"." (sweep 89) and
"B; pL; R; psbM." (sweep 280)
******************************
NGC 7620 = UGC
12520 = CGCG 476-008 = Mrk 321 = PGC 71106
23 20 05.7 +24
13 16
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, fairly small, almost round, brighter center surrounded by a
small halo.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7620 = m 573 = T I-50 on 5 Sep 1864 and noted "F, S,
vlE." His position is
accurate. Wilhelm Tempel
independently discovered this galaxy in 1876 and reported it as new in his
first discovery paper. Engelhardt
also measured an accurate micrometric position.
******************************
NGC 7621 = MCG
+01-59-055 = CGCG 406-074 = PGC 71129
23 20 24.6 +08
21 59
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 177d
17.5"
(9/14/85): very faint, small, elongated N-S. Requires averted vision. Located 2.2' SW of NGC 7623 and 2.0' NE of a mag 12 star in
the core of the Pegasus I cluster.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7621 = m 574 on 25 Nov 1864 and noted "eF, vS,
stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7622 = ESO
148-008 = AM 2318-622 = PGC 71187
23 21 38.5 -62
07 04
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 60d
25"
(10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE,
~30"x10"; contains a small slightly brighter nucleus. Several brighter stars nearby including
a mag 11.4 star 1.4' NE, a mag 11.3 star 2.9' NW, and a mag 11.9 star 3.8'
NE. Located 34' ESE of mag 5.7 HD
219482.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7622 = h3983 on 1 Nov 1834 and recorded "eF; eS; rather a
doubtful object; situated among 5 small stars." His position is fairly accurate and the stars are just north
with one to the west.
******************************
NGC 7623 = UGC
12526 = MCG +01-59-056 = CGCG 406-075 = LGG 473-012 = PGC 71132
23 20 30.0 +08
23 45
V = 12.8; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 175d
17.5"
(10/12/85): bright core, stellar nucleus, very faint extensions ~N-S.
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly bright, small, elongated, small bright core. Forms a close pair with NGC 7621 2.2'
SW in the Pegasus I cluster.
13"
(11/5/83): fairly faint, small, round, very small bright core.
8"
(7/24/82): very faint, small.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7623 = H III-435 = h2231 on 26 Sep 1785 (sweep 442) and noted
"vF and eS." His
position is accurate. JH made the single observation (sweep 281), "pF; R;
psbM." Marth discovered
nearby NGC 7621.
******************************
NGC 7624 = UGC
12527 = MCG +04-55-004 = CGCG 476-012 = Mrk 323 = PGC 71126
23 20 22.6 +27
18 56
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 30d
24"
(12/1/13): at 375x appeared fairly faint or moderately bright, fairly small,
oval 4:3 SSW-NNE, weak concentration.
Appears mottled and patchy, agreeing with my notes two months back! A mag 16 star is just visible at the
south edge and a mag 12.5 star is 1.5' WNW. PGC 169937 lies 4.8' SW with PGC 169936 7.8' SW (the latter
galaxy is 0.9' NNW of a very nice 7" pair of mag 11 stars).
24"
(10/4/13): moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, broad concentration
with a small slightly brighter core.
Seemed slightly clumpy or irregular in surface brightness at 375x. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' WNW, and an
equilateral triangle of mag 13 stars is 3.5' W. PGC 169937 lies 4.8' SW and PGC 169936 is 7.8' SW. The first galaxy appeared very faint,
small, round, low surface brightness, 20", diameter and the second faint
to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, 0.4'x0.3'.
17.5"
(10/13/01): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SSW-NNE, weak
concentration. Follows a group of
four mag 12/13 stars.
17.5"
(8/26/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, weak
concentration. A few times I had
an impression of a slightly brighter arc along the west edge.
17.5"
(9/23/89): fairly faint, fairly small, oval SSW-NNE, smooth surface brightness.
A group of four stars mag 12-13
precede; the closest is a mag 12 star 1.5' W.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7624 = St IX-36 = Sw IV-94 on 2 Oct 1878. His micrometric position is very
accurate. Lewis Swift found it
again on 8 Aug 1886 and noted "pF; pS; cE; 3 stars in a line near
preceding." in his 4th discovery list. His position is unusually accurate (perhaps modified to
match Stephan)
******************************
NGC 7625 = Arp
212 = VV 280 = UGC 12529 = MCG +03-59-038 = CGCG 454-043 = III Zw 102 = PGC
71133
23 20 30.1 +17
13 32
V = 12.1; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 60d
24"
(8/30/16): at 375x; bright, moderately large, roundish, well concentrated with
a large bright core that is irregular and mottled and a small nucleus. The halo is much fainter and extends at
least 1.0' diameter. With careful
viewing I had the impression there was two close nuclei or perhaps a knot was
close to the nucleus. The DSS and
SDSS shows at least two intersecting dust lanes, though this feature was not
confidently seen.
24"
(9/10/15): at 260x; fairly bright, fairly small, round, ~40" diameter,
small bright core that increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus. The absorption lane on the southwest
side was not seen in poor transparency.
13.1"
(9/9/83): fairly bright, small, round, bright core. The dust lane on the southwest side was not seen. Located 6.8' WSW of mag 6.6 SAO 108560.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7625 = H II-250 = h2232 on 15 Oct 1784 (sweep 290) and recorded
"F, lE, followed by a very bright star." He made another observation on 29 Nov 1785 (sweep 480) and
noted "cB, S, R, mbM."
On 7 Oct 1825 (sweep 11), JH logged "B; R; sbM; 60"." A total of 8 observations were made at
Birr Castle, mostly commenting on the irregular surface brightness. On 27 Sep 1857, Mitchell logged
"south edge certainly brighter than the other, and a * or nucleus near
that side, perhaps vF neby outside the s edge [the piece is cut off by
dust]."
******************************
NGC 7626 = UGC
12531 = MCG +01-59-057 = CGCG 406-076 = LGG 473-007 = WBL 710-003 = PGC 71140
23 20 42.3 +08
13 02
V = 11.1; Size 2.6'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5"
(9/14/85): bright, slightly elongated 4:3, brighter core (although less intense
than NGC 7619), substellar nucleus.
This is the second brightest in the Pegasus I cluster and appears
similar to NGC 7619 6.9' W.
13"
(9/22/84): bright, small prominent core, fainter halo, similar to NGC 7619.
8"
(9/25/81): faint, small, bright core.
A mag 6.5 star is at the south edge of the 40' field.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7626 = H II-440 = h2233 on 26 Sep 1785 (sweep 442) and recorded
"pB, pS, bM." His
position is accurate. JH made two
observations, "pB; R; bM; 30"." (sweep 89) and "B; R; pL;
psbM" (sweep 280).
******************************
NGC 7627 = NGC
7641? = UGC 12556 = MCG +02-59-029 = CGCG 431-047 = PGC 71241
23 22 30.7 +11
53 31
V = 13.9; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6
See observing
notes for NGC 7641. The
identification of this galaxy with NGC 7641 is uncertain.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7627 = Sw VI-95 on 18 Nov 1886 and recorded "vF; S; vE;
coarse double star near north; the double star is between 2 stars." There is nothing near his position. Herbert Howe mentions in his 1899-00 observations
that "I failed to find this on two nights. In reply to a letter of inquiry, Swift says that this is
identical with 7641, one of Stephan's nebulae which I have measured. With this opinion I agree, having seen
near 7641 the "2 star n" mentioned by Swift." Dreyer repeats this conclusion in the
IC 2 appendix. If NGC 7627 is
identical to NGC 7641, then Swift's position is off by 1.6 tmin in RA (too far
west) and 10' too far north. His
comment "vE" applies to this galaxy though the "coarse D * nr n;
the D * is bet 2 stars" is not a good match. So this identification is
uncertain. RNGC classifies the
number as nonexistent. See
Corwin's notes for more.
******************************
NGC 7628 = UGC
12534 = MCG +04-55-005 = CGCG 476-014 = PGC 71153
23 20 54.9 +25
53 55
V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 117d
17.5"
(9/23/89): fairly faint, small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7628 = St IX-37 = Sw IV-95 on 4 Oct 1878. His position is accurate. Lewis Swift independently discovered it
again on 9 Nov 1884 and noted "eF; pS; R." in his 4th discovery list.
******************************
NGC 7629 = MCG
+00-59-031 = CGCG 380-040 = PGC 71175
23 21 19.3 +01
24 11
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 170d
17.5"
(8/1/87): faint, very small, round.
A mag 14 star is 1.2' NE of center. Similar to NGC 7642 22' ENE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7629 = m 575, along with NGC 7642, on 19 Oct 1864 and noted vF,
vS, stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7630 = UGC
12540 = MCG +02-59-027 = CGCG 431-044 = PGC 71176
23 21 16.3 +11
23 50
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 162d
17.5"
(10/28/89): very faint, very small, elongated ~N-S, low surface
brightness. Located 2' E of an
unequal double star mag 11/13 at 20" separation. IC 1483, IC 1484 and IC 1485 lies ~20' ESE (Common's NGC
7638 and 7639 may be identical to IC 1483 and 1485).
Andrew Ainslie
Common discovered NGC 7630 before 8 Aug 1880 while viewing Faye's comet
"as seen some 15' following...There are 2 similar nebulae within 30'
south-following [NGC 7638 and 7639]." Common gives a very rough position in his Copernicus list
(nearest min of RA). But just 2' south
is UGC 12540.
******************************
NGC 7631 = UGC
12539 = MCG +01-59-060 = CGCG 406-083 = LGG 473-013 = WBL 710-006 = PGC 71181
23 21 26.7 +08
13 03
V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 79d
17.5"
(9/14/85): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, gradually
brightens but no nucleus, fainter extensions. Located 11.0' E of NGC 7626 in the Pegasus I cluster.
13"
(11/5/83): faint, weak concentration, elongated ~E-W.
Bindon Stoney
discovered NGC 7631 on 30 Aug 1851 during the first of 3 observations of the
cluster at Birr Castle. He noted
"12' following h's second nebula [NGC 7626] is another E preceding and
following, F, light unequal."
Heinrich d'Arrest independently discovered this galaxy on 21 Sep 1862
and made a total of 6 observations (noting the equivalence of the two GC
entries from LdR and himself).
******************************
NGC 7632 = ESO
291-021 = MCG -07-47-035 = AM 2319-424 = LGG 472-007 = IC 5313 = PGC 71213
23 22 00.9 -42
28 50
V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 92d
18"
(10/16/09): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 0.5'x0.4' (core region
probably viewed), contains a very small bright inner core, occasional stellar
nucleus. Located 4' NE of a mag 10
star. Located 40' SE of the Grus
Quartet (NGC 7582/NGC 7590/NGC 7599) and a member of the same group.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7632 = h3985 on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded "pB; S; R; psbM; 20
arcseconds." On a later sweep he called it "vF; R; glbM; 20 arcseconds."
His mean position (two observations) matches ESO 291-021. Lewis Swift
independently found this galaxy at the age of 77 on 8 Aug 1897, and reported it
as new in list XI-228 (later IC 5313). His position is 14 seconds of RA too far west and 1.7'
south but his comment "10m * nr sp" clinches this
identification. So NGC 7632 = IC
5313.
******************************
NGC 7633 = ESO
077-015 = PGC 71274
23 23 03.5 -67
39 09
V = 12.4; Size 2.1'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 142d
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, oval 4:3 WSW-ENE, 1.2'x0.9',
sharply concentrated with a very bright roundish core. Subtle extensions
(forming the bar) extend from the core.
A mag 13 star is 1.7' N and a mag 15 star is 1.3' SSW. Located 29' SE of mag 6.1 HD
219644. Brightest in a physical
group with a quartet of IC galaxies (IC 5323, 5324, 5320 and 5322) ~30' ESE and
NGC 7655 30' SE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7633 = h3986 on 2 Nov 1834 and recorded "pF; vS; pmE in
parallel; psbM." E-W
bar in larger ring oriented NW-SE.
******************************
NGC 7634 = UGC
12542 = MCG +01-59-062 = CGCG 406-085 = LGG 473-009 = PGC 71192
23 21 41.7 +08
53 13
V = 12.6; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 95d
17.5"
(9/14/85): moderately bright, very small, small bright core, round. A mag 14 star is close south 20"
SSE of center. Located 40' N of
NGC 7619/NGC 7626 in the Pegasus I cluster.
13"
(11/5/83): fairly faint, small, slightly brighter core. A star is off the south edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7634 = H II-441 = h2234 on 26 Sep 1785 (sweep 442) and noted
"F, S". JH made the
single observation (sweep 281), "a double star with some singular nebulous
appendage. The stars are
14m." One star is certainly
on the south edge and the other is probably the nucleus. At Birr Castle, Samuel Hunter was
uncertain if the star at the south edge was nebulous, but on his third
observation in 1862 noted "I think there is no neby round the * adjoining
it."
******************************
NGC 7635 =
Bubble Nebula = Hb 11 = LBN 548 = LBN 549 = Sh 2-162 = Ced 210
23 20 45 +61 11
42
V = ~10.5; Size 15'x8'
17.5": the
"Bubble Nebula" extends mainly north of the ionizing emission-line
star, mag 8.7 BD+60¡2522 (O6.5-type supergiant). Dark lanes are suspected
to the north with very faint nebulosity just north of this gap. The main piece of nebulosity curves
away from the involved star towards the east but appears brightest at the
western edge near the bright star.
Only the portion of the rim extending from north to east of the 3'
diameter "Bubble" was seen (not the south edge). The view improved with both OIII and
UHC filters but not dramatically. Located 6.5' NE of mag 7 HD 220057. M52
lies 35' NE.
13"
(9/29/84): unusual appearance - surrounds a mag 8 star with a mag 7 star nearby
to the SW. The nebulosity mostly appears north of the mag 8 star with a
suspected dark lane to the north of this nebulosity. Very faint nebulosity
appears close north of this lane. The main section hooks around the involved
star to the east.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7635 = H IV-52 = h2235 on 3 Nov 1787 (sweep 773) and recorded
"a bright star with F nebulosity; but I saw it too late to verify it, as
in the north I cannot follow the stars. I rather suspect a deception."
On 26 Nov 1788 (sweep 887) he added "a star about 9m with vF nebulosity of
very little extent."
Hubble
considered NGC 7635 a giant planetary nebula in his 1922 paper "A general
study of diffuse galactic nebulae." Even in the early 1970's it was
considered a possible or probable planetary (see ApJ, 167, 491-498 (1971)),
though it was not included in Kohoutek's CGPN. The nickname Ò Bubble
Nebula" may have originated from John Mallas in 1963 (Review of Popular
Astronomy).
******************************
NGC 7636 = ESO
470-002 = MCG -05-55-005 = PGC 71245
23 22 33.0 -29
16 51
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 30d
17.5"
(10/13/90): very faint, very small, weak concentration, low surface
brightness. NGC 7645 is 17.3' ESE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7636 = h3987 on 28 Sep 1834 and logged "eF; S; R; sbM;
rather a doubtful object."
Despite his uncertainty, his position accurately matches this galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7637 = ESO
012-001 = AM 2322-821 = PGC 71440
23 26 30 -81 54
42
V = 12.5; Size 2.1'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.9
24"
(4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
40" diameter, weak concentration, slightly brighter core. A mag 13.5 star is just off the north
edge of the halo, 0.7' from the center.
PGC 224614, a very faint galaxy, lies 2.3' NW. NGC 7637 is the 4th closest NGC galaxy to the south
celestial pole.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7637 = h3984 on 17 Oct 1835 and recorded "vF; pL; R; vlbM;
90"; 2 or 3 stars near it."
******************************
NGC 7638 = IC
1483 = MCG +02-59-030 = CGCG 431-046 = PGC 71246
23 22 33.1 +11
19 44
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5"
(9/7/96): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter, low even surface
brightness. Located 8' N of mag
8.3 SAO 108572. A wide pair of mag
11/13 stars is 1.5' S. First in
faint group with IC 1484 and IC 1485 = NGC 7639 (uncertain ID). IC 1484 is extremely faint and small,
round.
Andrew Ainslie
Common discovered NGC 7638, along with NGC 7639 and 7630, on or before 8 Aug
1880 while viewing comet Faye.
Common only mentions "there are 2 similar nebulae [to NGC 7630]
within 30' sf" but does not provide coordinates for NGC 7638 and
7639. A group of faint galaxies is
~20' ESE of NGC 7630. It's likely
that common picked up the two brightest, NGC 7638 = CGCG 431-046 and NGC 7639 =
CGCG 431-050.
Stephane Javelle
independently discovered these galaxies on 2 Dec 1893 and measured accurate
positions. So, NGC 7638 = IC 1483
and NGC 7639 = IC 1485. MCG and
CGCG label these galaxies using the IC designation only. See Harold Corwin's NGC/IC notes.
******************************
NGC 7639 = MCG
+02-59-032 = CGCG 431-050 = IC 1485 = PGC 71256
23 22 48.2 +11
22 22
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 123d
17.5"
(9/7/96): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Similar size as IC 1483 = NGC 7638 but
contains a very small brighter core that makes it a little easier to view. Just preceding a small triangle of mag
12-14.5 stars. Also collinear with
a wide pair 5' SW near IC 1483.
Brightest in a trio with IC 1484 2.1' WNW and IC 1483 4.5' SW.
The
identification of IC 1483 is certain but NGC 7639 is uncertain.
Andrew Ainslie
Common discovered NGC 7639, along with NGC 7638, on 8 Aug 1880 while viewing
comet Faye. This is the last entry
in his discovery list. See notes
for NGC 7630 and 7638.
******************************
NGC 7640 = UGC
12554 = MCG +07-48-002 = CGCG 532-017 = CGCG 533-001 = KTG 80A = PGC 71220
23 22 06.6 +40
50 44
V = 11.3; Size 10.5'x2.0'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 167d
24"
(10/4/13): at 200x appeared bright, very large, nearly edge-on 4:1 N-S,
~6.5'x1.5'. Very asymmetric
appearance with a brighter, elongated core, 1.0'x0.5', which is oddly angled to
the major axis in PA 20¡ (SSW-NNE).
A mag 14 star is just off the SE side of the core. The galaxy dims more noticeably on the
south side, but is brighter along the western half (DSS shows this is a long
spiral arm). A mag 11 star is just
west of the northern end of the galaxy [3.1' NNW of center] and two mag 14.5-15
stars that are collinear with the mag 11 star are superimposed on the north
side. The northern half of the
galaxy is also asymmetric with a slightly brighter strip (arm) extending N-S
and a very low surface brightness (outer arm) near the mag 11 star. Additional mag 11 stars bracket the
galaxy just west of the south end and 1.8' NE of center.
17.5"
(8/8/91): moderately bright, very large, very elongated 4:1 N-S,
7.0'x1.5'. The large, slightly
brighter middle bulges out a little.
A mag 13.5 star is at the SE edge of the core 33" from the
center. Bracketed by two mag 11
stars at the north end 3.0' NNW of center and just west of the south end 2.6'
SSW of center. An extremely faint
mag 15 star is embedded near the north end.
8"
(11/8/80): faint, large, very elongated streak N-S. There are stars at both the north and south end.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7640 = H II-600 = h2236 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 613) and recorded
"pB, mE a little np to sf but nearly in the meridian, lbM, resolvable,
about 5' long and 1.5' broad."
On 1 Oct 1828, JH logged "F; L; mE from a bright to a faint star;
vlbM; 2 1/2' l, 20" br. See
fig. 60."
******************************
NGC 7641 = NGC
7627 = UGC 12556 = MCG +02-59-029 = CGCG 431-047 = PGC 71241
23 22 30.7 +11
53 31
V = 13.9; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 144d
17.5"
(10/28/89): very faint, small, low even surface brightness, elongated 5:2
NW-SE. Located 8' SW of NGC 7643.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7641 = St V-11, along with NGC 7643, on 24 Sep 1873 and recorded
"eF, S; roundish, but of irregular form; diffused, with a slightly
brighter centre." His
micrometric position is accurate.
NGC 7626, found by Swift on 18 Nov 1886, is probably a duplicate
observation. See that number.
******************************
NGC 7642 = UGC
12560 = MCG +00-59-035 = CGCG 380-048 = PGC 71264
23 22 53.4 +01
26 34
V = 13.7; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1
24"
(1/1/16): at 375x; faint/fairly faint, very small, round, 20" diameter,
weak concentration to center. CGCG
380-049 lies 2.7' SE. The
companion appeared very faint, very small, slightly elongated,
12"x9". A mag 15.3 star
is 45" W.
17.5"
(8/1/87): faint, very small, round, weak concentration. Appears about a half a
magnitude fainter than the CGCG mag 14.5z.
Albert Marth discovered
NGC 7642 = m 576, along with NGC 7629, on 19 Oct 1864. He noted "vF, vS, bM" and
measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7643 = NGC
7644? = UGC 12563 = MCG +02-59-033 = CGCG 431-051 = PGC 71261
23 22 50.5 +11
59 20
V = 13.2; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 45d
17.5"
(10/28/89): faint, fairly small, very elongated SW-NE, weak concentration. Pair with NGC 7641 8' SW.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7643 = St V-12, along with NGC 7641, on 24 Sep 1873 and recorded
"irr R, of moderate extent; faint and diffused, with a slightly brighter
center." His position is
accurate. Harold Corwin
suggests that NGC 7644 (discovered by Swift) may be a duplicate
observation. See that number.
******************************
NGC 7644 = NGC
7651? = MCG +02-59-036 = CGCG 431-055a = PGC 71344
23 24 26.0 +13
58 20
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 100d
See observing
notes for NGC 7651. The
identification of this number is uncertain and it may apply NGC 7643.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7644 = Sw V-100 on 29 Sep 1886 and recorded "vF, pS,
lE." There is nothing
reasonably bright near his position and the description is too generic to be of
help. However, 74 seconds of RA
due east is the double system NGC 7651, which Swift discovered earlier in the
month on 1 Sep 1886 and placed correctly.
Most likely NGC 7644 is a second observation of NGC 7651. Harold Corwin also suggests NGC 7643 as
a possible candidate. See his
notes for more.
The RNGC
misidentifies 2MFGC 17581 = PGC 1445975 as NGC 7644. This is an edge-on galaxy situated 1.7' east-northeast of NGC 7651 and too faint to have been
seen by Swift.
******************************
NGC 7645 = ESO
470-003 = MCG -05-55-007 = PGC 71314
23 23 47.3 -29
23 12
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 165d
17.5"
(10/13/90): very faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, weak
concentration. NGC 7636 lies 17.3'
WNW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7645 = h3988 on 27 Sep 1834 and logged "vF; S; R: glbM;
15"." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7646 = IC
5318? = MCG -02-59-015 = PGC 71338
23 24 32.3 -11
59 07
=**, Yann
Pothier and Harold Corwin. All
modern catalogues equate NGC 7646 with IC 5318 at 23 24 06.9 -11 51 38. My observation of this galaxy is below.
17.5"
(8/25/95): very faint, very small, probably elongated 3:2 NW-SE,
30"x20". The view is
severely hindered by mag 11.5 star that is attached at the northwest end! It was difficult to determine the
dimensions and orientation due to glare from star and faintness of galaxy.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7646 = LM II-474 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory. He reported "mag 14.5; 0.2'x0.1', E 260¡,
neb?; *9 in PA 10¡ at 3.6' separation." There is nothing near his rough position, though 8' north is
IC 5318 = PGC 71338. All modern
catalogues identify this galaxy as NGC 7646, although NED comments the
identification is uncertain.
Harold Corwin
notes several inconsistencies with Muller's description; the elongation is
NW-SE (not ~E-W) and the star at 3.6' separation is 10¡ west of north, not
east. A more serious omission, though,
is that Muller makes no mention of the bright, superimposed star on the west
side. So, this identification is
very unlikely.
In 2016, Yann
Pothier suggested NGC 7646 is the double star at 23 24 32.3 -11 59 07. Harold Corwin agrees this is a good candidate
as the position angle of the pair matches Muller's estimate and a star is at
the required separation and position angle matching Muller's description.
******************************
NGC 7647 = UGC
12576 = MCG +03-59-055 = CGCG 454-063 = PGC 71335
23 23 57.4 +16
46 38
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 170d
24"
(9/2/16): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25",
gradually increases to the center.
With averted vision a very low surface brightness outer halo was detectable.
NGC 7647 is the
brightest galaxy (cD) in AGC 2589, a richness class 0 cluster at a distance of
~560 million l.y. Surrounding NGC
7647 is a large number of very faint galaxies with PGC 71331 (2.1' N), PGC
71337 (2.2' NE), PGC 71326 (1.7' S) and PGC 71317 (2.3' WSW), forming a small
rectangle around the bright elliptical.
Additionally, I picked up PGC 71320 6.2' NNW, PGC 71324 8.4' N and CGCG
454-062 8.1' SSW. These 7
additional members were very faint or extremely faint and generally 0.2' in
size.
17.5"
(9/26/92): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S. A mag 13 star is 1.5' ENE. Appears unusually faint for 15.2z due
to low surface brightness.
Note: There is
no mag 13.5 star to the ENE, so my observation may refer to another galaxy.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7647 = H III-473 on 29 Nov 1785 (sweep 480) and recorded
"eF, cL, some doubt left. It
precedes an irregular row of scattered stars. His RA is 10 seconds too small, but the description matches.
******************************
NGC 7648 = UGC
12575 = MCG +01-59-072 = CGCG 406-096 = Mrk 531 = LGG 473-015 = IC 1486 = PGC
71321
23 23 54.0 +09
40 03
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 85d
13.1"
(11/2/86): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated, gradually increases to a
small bright core. A mag 15 star
is 30" E of center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7648 = H III-218 = St IX-38 on 18 Oct 1784 (sweep 297) and noted
"eF, pS, lE." There is
nothing at his position, but 15' south is UGC 12575. Stephen found this galaxy again on 3 Oct 1878 and reported
it as new in list IX-38, though added a footnote it was identical to H III 218. Finally, Bigourdan discovered it again
on 1 Oct 1885, reported it as #241 in Comptes Rendus for 20 Apr 1891, and
Dreyer recatalogued it as IC 1486, missing the equivalence with NGC 7648.
******************************
NGC 7649 = IC
1487 = UGC 12579 = MCG +02-59-035 = CGCG 431-054 = PGC 71343
23 24 20.1 +14
38 49
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 80d
18"
(8/26/06): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7'x0.6', very weak
concentration. Forms a close pair
with LEDA 2832048 0.9' NE . This companion appeared extremely faint and small,
round, 6" diameter, requires averted vision. A total of 8 galaxies (most 10"-15" knots) were
seen in AGC 2593 at 323x.
LEDA 95722, 2.6'
SW of NGC 7649, is extremely faint, appears elongated SW-NE,
15"x10". LEDA 1465051,
3.7' NNE of NGC 7649, is extremely faint, round, 10" diameter. PGC 71356, 2.9' ESE of NGC 7649, is
similar as well as MCG +02-59-037, 4.2' E. LEDA 95729, 4.4' NE, is extremely faint, appears stellar at
times, otherwise ~6" in diameter. CGCG 431-056, 5.2' ESE, is a bit larger
and brighter than the previous galaxies and nearly spans between a pair of
14th-magnitude stars 20" SSW and 30" E.
17.5"
(8/22/98): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 0.9'x0.6'. Located less than 3' SW of a mag 11
star. This galaxy was the brightest of four members viewed in AGC 2593 in Jim
Shield's scope at 220x.
17.5"
(7/19/90): faint, fairly small, almost round, weak concentration. A mag 11 star is 2.8' ENE of
center. Brightest of five in the
core of AGC 2593. Surrounded by
three anonymous galaxies 1.0' NE, 2.6' SW and 3.6' NNE and MCG +02-59-037 lies
5' ESE. Located 9' N of mag 7.9
SAO 108595.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7649 = Sw. VI-96 on 25 Sep 1886 and recorded "vF; pL;
R." His position is barely
off the west side of UGC 12579, the brightest member of AGC 2593.
Harold Corwin
reports that Swift may have "discovered" this galaxy again on 15 Oct
1887 and reported Sw. IX-99 (later IC 1487) as "eeeF; pS; iR; 8m * f;
faint star near nf; not [NGC 7653]."
His position is 15 seconds of RA east of NGC 7649 and happens to fall
close to a much fainter galaxy in the cluster. Just 1' further southeast is CGCG 431-056, which Howe
assumed was IC 1487. But NGC 7649
is a better fit with Swift's description.
There are many cases where Swift listed the same galaxy twice in
different or even the same list.
So IC 1487 is probably identical to NGC 7649.
******************************
NGC 7650 = ESO
148-IG 010 = AM 2322-580 NED01 = KTS 73A = PGC 71394
23 25 21.2 -57
47 21
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, fairly large, slightly elongated,
1.0'x0.9', appears brighter along a central bar oriented E-W. A spiral arm is
just visible on the north side and containing a bright HII knot (or companion?)
at its northern end. Brightest in
a trio (KTS 73) with NGC 7652 6.2' SSE and NGC 7657 11.5' ESE. I also picked up PGC 384902 4.2' SSW. It
appeared very faint (B = 16.7), very small, 10" with possible extensions
SW-NE increasing the size to 20"x10", low surface brightness. This
background galaxy has a light-travel time of ~960 million years.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7650 = h3989 on 28 Oct 1834, along with NGC 7652, and recorded
"pB; R; glbM; 40"; the preceding of 2 [with NGC 7652]." His position (measured on 2 sweeps) is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7651 = NGC
7644? = MCG +02-59-036 = CGCG 431-055a = PGC 71344
23 24 26.0 +13
58 20
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 100d
24"
(1/1/16): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', very small
bright core, stellar nucleus.
Forms a double system with PGC 3085862 at or just off the south edge,
just 20" between centers. The
companion appeared very faint, extremely small, round, ~6" diameter.
Several
additional galaxies are nearby (part of the southern extension of AGC
2593). PGC 71344, just 2.3' W,
appeared very faint (V = 15.3), small, round, 15" diameter. 2MFGC 17581 = PGC 1445975, just 1.7'
NE, also appeared very faint (V = 15.2), small, elongated WNW-ESE,
15"x10". IC 5319 lies
5.7' ENE and was noted as faint or fairly faint (V = 14.8), small, round,
18" diameter.
17.5"
(7/17/93): faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, very small brighter core,
diffuse halo gradually fades into background. The companion at the south edge was missed.
17.5"
(8/27/92): fairly faint, small, round, halo gradually increases to a small
bright core. Forms a double system
with a companion attached at the south-southwest end. PGC 3085862 is an extremely faint small knot, round, just
nonstellar.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7651 = Sw IV-96 on 1 Sep 1886 and recorded "eF; S; R; in
vacancy." His position is
accurate. This is a double system
(not resolved by Swift) with an extremely small companion at the south edge. NGC 7644 may be a duplicate observation
by Swift. See that number.
******************************
NGC 7652 = ESO
148-011 = KTS 73B = PGC 71402 = PGC 71403
23 25 37.4 -57
53 15
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 85d
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30"
diameter, gradually increases to the center. A mag 11.5 star is 2' WNW. Southernmost member of the KTS 73 triplet with NGC 7650 6.2'
NNW and NGC 7657 10.5' NE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7652 = h3990, along with NGC 7650, on 28 Oct 1834 and recorded
"eF; S; R: the following and fainter of 2 [with NGC 7650]." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7653 = UGC
12586 = MCG +02-59-038 = CGCG 431-058 = PGC 71370
23 24 49.3 +15
16 32
V = 12.7; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.5
24"
(9/29/16): at 375x; moderately to fairly bright, moderately large, slightly
elongated ~N-S, 1.0'x0.8', bright core, very small well-defined nucleus.
Brightest in a
group of galaxies with LEDA 214955 3.2' NNE. This dim galaxy was extremely faint and small,
~6"-8" diameter, only visible occasionally. LEDA 165923, 6.3' ESE, was very faint to faint, small,
slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~15"x11". UGC 12590, 7' SE, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, very
elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, contains a sharp stellar nucleus and faint thin
extensions. IC 1488, 12.8' ENE,
was faint to fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 ~N-S,
~30"x9", contains a very small or stellar nucleus. Only UGC 12590 has the same redshift as
NGC 7653. The other mentioned
galaxies lie 3 times the distance (~570 million l.y.) and are probably outlying
members of Abell Galaxy Cluster 2593, which lies ~35'-40' S.
24"
(1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint or moderately bright, fairly small, slightly
elongated N-S, 0.6'x0.5', small bright core. LEDA 214955 is a challenging target 3.2' NNE. It appeared extremely faint (V = 15.6)
and small, round, 6" diameter, only visible intermittently.
17.5"
(7/28/92): fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration to a small
bright core.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7653 = h2237 on 2 Nov 1823 (sweep 1) and recorded "eF; R;
gbM; 30"; appears as M71 does in the 7-feet reflector with the double
eye-piece." Both Harold
Corwin and Malcolm Thomson report that IC 1488 has an erroneous position
(misidentified offset star) and is not identical to NGC 7653 as listed in the
PGC, UGC, etc. The correct
identification is IC 1488 = PGC 2800840, located 12.8' northeast of NGC
7653. See Harold Corwin's
identification notes.
******************************
NGC 7654 = M52
23 24 43 +61 35
36
V = 6.9; Size 13'
13.1"
(9/29/84): 150-175 stars in a 15' diameter, a mag 8 star (SAO 20606) is on the
WSW edge of the cluster. NGC 7635,
the "Bubble Nebula", lies 35' SW.
17.5"
(8/2/86): fills 21' field, fully resolved at 105x.
15x50mm
binoculars (9/6/10): prominent roundish glow ~10-15' diameter located 40' S of
5th magnitude 4 Cas and on a line with Alpha (Schedir) and Beta (Caph)
Cas. A few mag 8-9 stars are
resolved.
Charles Messier
discovered M52 = NGC 7654 = h2238 on 7 Sept 1774. WH made an early observation on 29 Aug 1783 with his 6-inch
and noted, "All resolved into innumerable small [faint] stars without any
suspicion of nebulosity." On
3 Nov 1787 (sweep 773), he reported "A very beautiful cl of very
compressed stars about 12' dia., nearly R and most compressed in the
middle." JH made the single
observation, "A ruddy star 9m in the p part of a p rich irreg cl of stars
13m, all separate, 6' diam; a v little more comp in the s f part." Admiral Smyth described M52 as
resembling "a bird with outspread wings" and added "the field is
one of singular beauty under a moderate magnification."
******************************
NGC 7655 = ESO
077-018 = PGC 71452
23 26 45.9 -68
01 39
V = 13.2; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.1
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, very small, round, 18"
diameter. Contains a very high
surface brightness core surrounded by only a small halo! Situated 2.3' ENE of mag 9.1 HD
220649. A quartet of IC galaxies
(IC 5320, 5321, 5323, 5324) lies 15' NE.
NGC 7633 is 30' NW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7655 = h3991 on 24 Jul 1835 and recorded "eF and feeble, if
a nebula; pslbM; vS; R; 10".
It follows a large star." His position and description matches ESO
077-018. DeLisle Stewart described
this object as a "group of stars, not a nebula" (repeated in the IC 2
Notes), based on plates taken at Arequipa. As a result, The RNGC misclassifies this number as
nonexistent.
******************************
NGC 7656 =
Anthead Galaxy = ESO 605-IG 005 = MCG -03-59-008 = VV 669 = KTS 72B = PGC 71357
23 24 31.4 -19
03 33
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5
48"
(11/1/13): at 488x and 610x appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, round,
~24" diameter, high surface brightness. Surprisingly, a low surface brightness wing or loop
extending to the northeast was immediately noticed. This loop is brighter along the northern edge and passes
through a mag 16.7 star (or stellar galaxy), increasing the overall length to
45" extending southwest (core) to northeast (loop). A mag 16.5 star lies 1.3' W and another
mag 16.5 star is 1.4' N. 2MASX
J23242536-1902139, an extremely compact galaxy (V = 15.7) lies 1.9' NW. Finally, 2MASX J23243030-1903019, an
extremely faint quasi-stellar galaxy was glimpsed less than 30" NNW,
although another loop in that direction was not seen.
24"
(9/30/16): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"
diameter, contains a small slightly brighter nucleus. ESO 605-004, 13' WNW, appeared very faint, fairly small,
roundish, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. ESO 605-006, 14' NE, was only
occasionally glimpsed as an extremely faint glow, small, ~15" diameter,
possibly elongated. The trio is
catalogued as KTS 72 (Karachentsev Triplets, South).
24"
(8/23/14): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter, weak
concentration. The loop structure
to the northeast was not noticed.
ESO 605-004 lies 13' WNW.
17.5"
(10/21/95): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Contains a very small brighter core
surrounded by a very faint halo.
This is an unusual, distorted interacting system with loops and
filaments, though no structure was seen.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7656 = LM I-263 on 9 Oct 1885 and recorded "vF;
vS; R; bMN." There is nothing
at his rough position (nearest min of RA), but approximately 1 minute of RA
west is ESO 605-005 = PGC 71357.
Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1897-98 (repeated in the
IC 2 Notes). Bigourdan couldn't
find this object, probably looking at the wrong position.
******************************
NGC 7657 = ESO
148-IG 012 = KTS 73C = PGC 71456
23 26 47.1 -57
48 20
V = 14.2; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 106d
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated
3:1 WNW-ESE, 45"x15", fairly low even surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is off the north side
[27" from center] and a mag 16.6 star at the south edge [20" from
center]. NGC 7657 is the faintest
member of a KTS triplet with NGC 7650 11.5' WNW and NGC 7652 10.5' SW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7657 = h3992 on 2 Oct 1836 and noted "eF; R." His position is just 1' southwest of
ESO 148-012.
******************************
NGC 7658 = ESO
347-016 = MCG -07-48-002 = AM 2323-392 = PGC 71432
23 26 25.0 -39
13 38
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 128d
18"
(8/19/09): only glimpsed for short moments at 175x. Appeared extremely faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE,
~25"x20", very low even surface brightness. The close companion to the north was not seen.
18"
(10/25/08): difficult observation due to low altitude and faintness of this
double system. This is the
southern "knot" of two extremely faint glows (separation 40")
that were occasionally visible. Too faint for any details.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7658 = h3994 on 4 Sep 1834 and recorded "double nebula;
individuals equal; eF; R; bM; 20"; follows a line of 4 stars at 11 and
12m, somewhat oblique to the meridian.
He confirmed the description on 4 Oct 1836, though for some reason he
only assigned a single h- and GC-designation. So, we have NGC 7658A and 7658B.
******************************
NGC 7659 = UGC
12595 = MCG +02-59-040 = CGCG 431-064 = PGC 71417
23 25 55.7 +14
12 35
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 110d
17.5"
(9/26/92): faint, small, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, even concentration to a
small brighter core. This galaxy
has a fairly high surface brightness for CGCG mag = 15.1z.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7659 = H III-212 = h2239 on 16 Oct 1784 (sweep 294) and recorded
"eF, eS, stellar. 240
verified it completely though with difficulty." JH made the single observation "vF; S; R; psbM;
15"." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7660 = UGC
12594 = MCG +04-55-012 = CGCG 476-035 = PGC 71413
23 25 48.7 +27
01 48
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 35d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, small bright core. A mag 11.5 star is 1.7' W of center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7660 = h2240 on 5 Sep 1828 and recorded "F; vS; psmbM;
6"; almost stellar; a star 10m preceding; dist 1' in parallel." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7661 = ESO
110-011 = AM 2324-653 = PGC 71473
23 27 14.3 -65
16 14
V = 13.4; Size 1.8'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 25d
25"
(10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x; faint, fairly large, somewhat elongated or
irregular,~1.4'x1.1', very low
surface brightness (face-on spiral?) halo with only a very weak
concentration. A 12' string of 7
stars extends southwest. Observed
under windy conditions, though my query "face-on spiral" is accurate.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7661 = h3993 on 1 Nov 1834 and recorded "eF; L; R; vgvlbM;
100"; a difficult object."
His position is accurate. RNGC classifies this galaxy as a unverified
southern object.
******************************
NGC 7662 = PK
106-17.1 = PN G106.5-17.6 = Blue Snowball
23 25 53.9 +42
32 05
V = 8.3; Size 32"x28"
48"
(10/24/14): superb view of the double-shell structure at 610x and 813x. The inner shell is elongated ~3:2
SW-NE, ~18"x12", and contains a remarkable, bright thin rim, so it
appears like a racetrack with a dark interior. This delicate but high surface brightness ring is brightest
along a 90¡ arc around the northeast end and nearly as bright in a matching 90¡
arc on the southwest end. The rim
is noticeably weaker on the west and east sides. The elongated darker hole spans a large percentage of the
inner shell and is punctuated by a faint, but steadily visible central star.
The outer shell
is twice the size (~35"x25"), slightly less elongated as well as
slightly offset in its major axis (SSW-NNE). The outer rim also has two brighter arcs or strips, but only
25¡-30¡ in length. The more
prominent arc is on the southeast side, with a weaker strip symmetrically
placed on the northwest edge.
These strips are 90¡ offset from the much brighter inner arcs. The outer shell appears irregular in
surface brightness with an impressions of striations. Surrounding the outer shell there appears to be a very low
surface brightness outer halo.
18"
(9/10/07): viewed this gorgeous double-shelled planetary at 807x in good
seeing. The outer envelope is a
sharply defined 35"x25" oval, oriented SSW-NNE. Roughly halfway to the center is a
remarkable, thin oval ring oriented SW-NE (slightly offset in orientation
compared to the outer shell) of very high surface brightness. This annular ring is brightest along a
90¡ arc on the south side and is also enhanced along a shorter arc along the
northern part of the ring. The
ring fades and appears broken with a gap along the west to WNW edge. Inside the ring is a darker oval hole
that is weakly luminous.
18"
(10/19/06): In steady seeing, the double-shell structure was remarkable at 807x
(7mm Pentax + 2.5x Powermate). The
outer envelope is noticeably oval SW-NE, ~35"x25". Embedded within this envelope is a
fairly thin, very bright inner ring with a sharply defined outline. The ring was irregular in surface
brightness but clearly brightest at the SW and NE ends of the ring (ends of the
major axis). The ring fades on the
NW side and there was a small, distinct gap in the ring at the NW end. The
surface brightness of the inner ring was high enough to give a glowing
"electric" quality with an impression of a rope-like or twisted
structure. The center of the ring
was much darker than the ring and formed a substantial dark oval at this
magnification, but was still clearly luminous.
17.5"
(10/13/01): at 500x, this blue high surface brightness planetary has a
beautiful double-shell structure with a small, dark center. The bright inner structure has a
delicate, embedded thinner ring of very high surface brightness, though weaker
at the following end. In the
center of this ring is a small, darker hole. The fainter, outer envelope is elongated SW-NE,
~35"x25", giving an asymmetric appearance with the outline of the
inner ring.
17.5"
(10/12/85): extremely bright, very high surface brightness, fairly small,
easily takes very high power. At
410x, the planetary appears weakly annular with a slightly darker center. There is a second outer shell, which
exhibits subtle structure due to an irregular surface structure, blue-green
color is evident. Central star not
seen.
13"
(9/11/82): darker center, faint outer shell.
8"
(9/25/81) : slightly darker center at 300-400x, irregular surface brightness.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7662 = H IV-18 = h2241 on 6 Oct 1784 (during sweeps 281-285,
which was made in the east) and noted "bright, round, a planetary [with a]
pretty well defined disk, 15" diameter with a 7 feet reflector."
In his 1811 PT paper, he write "A beautifully bright round nebula,
have a pretty well defined disk of about 10 or 12" in diameter. It
is a little elliptical, and has a very small star following, which gives us the
idea of a small satellite accompanying its planet [from 3 Oct 1790, sweep 964].
It is visible in a common finder as a small star." This may be
the first time "planetary" is actually used although earlier,
Darquier describes M57 "... as large as Jupiter and resembles a fading
planet."
On 1 Oct 1828,
JH recorded "A fine planetary nebula. Diameter 12"; with 240
beautifully defined, light, rather mottled, and the edge the least in the world
unshaped. It is not nebulous, but looks as if had a double outline, or
like a star a little out of focus. A perfect circle." JH
measured the 13th magnitude star ~50" NE of center several times
(interested in it as a possible satellite of the planetary) and noted
"These satellites of planetary nebulae out to be especially attended
to."
The Birr Castle
observers made a total of 32 observations, first noting on 31 Oct 1848,
"Has a central spot, at moments very dark." Lord Rosse and
Johnstone Stoney made sketches on 16 Dec 1848 revealing the double ring
structure and brighter arcs (1850 publication, Fig 13, Plate XXXVIII).
Bindon Stoney's sketch on 16 Sep 1852 using a freshly polished speculum
shows a prominent central star within a spiral shaped nebula and well-defined
"arms".
Using a
9.5" refractor in 1855, Father Secchi described (and sketched) a slightly
darker horseshoe-shaped central region and a brighter outer arc, a questionable
amount of detail for that aperture.
Joseph Winlock and George Searle, observing with the HCO 15-inch
refractor around 1866, did not report the central star but "Two edges
seen...as of a brighter nebula placed over a dimmer one. The brighter and
fainter ellipses have major axes slightly differing in direction; the brighter
having the position angle of its major axis 10¡ to 15¡ the large"
Barnard thought
the central star was variable based on observations with the Yerkes 40-inch in
1897 and wrote a paper in 1908 on "The Variability of the Nucleus of the
Planetary Nebula NGC 7662" (MNRAS, 68, 465). The paper includes a
superb sketch made with the 40-inch refractor at Yerkes.
The nickname
"Blue Snowball" is from Leland S. CopelandÕs description (1960),
"looking like light blue snowball.Ó
******************************
NGC 7663 = MCG
-01-59-023 = PGC 71455
23 26 45.2 -04
57 59
V = 14.5; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5"
(12/16/95): this observation refers to MCG -01-59-022 which is located 4.4' W
of (R)NGC 7663 = MCG -01-59-023.
It appeared extremely faint and small, round, 20" diameter, very
weak concentration to an occasional 10" core. Located on a line between a mag 14 star 1.2' NW and mag 9.5
SAO 146709 3.6' SE. A mag 14
double at 16" separation lies 6' ENE. MCG -01-59-023 was not seen in fair seeing. The identification of either galaxy
with NGC 7663 is very uncertain.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7663 = Nova #5 on 18 Dec 1865 while searching for Biela's Comet
and simply noted "vF".
He was using the 9.5-inch Merz equatorial at the College Romain as an
assistant to Father Angelo Secchi (see AN 1571). There is nothing near his position. The RNGC and PGC identify MCG
-01-59-023 = PGC 71455 as NGC 7663.
This galaxy is 13' south of Ferrari's position. Harold Corwin suggests that either MCG
-01-59-023 or -022 (close preceding) are possibly NGC 7663. Wolfgang Steinicke classifies this
number as "Not Found".
See Harold Corwin's identification notes.
******************************
NGC 7664 = UGC
12598 = MCG +04-55-013 = CGCG 476-038 = LGG 474-004 = PGC 71450
23 26 39.8 +25
04 49
V = 12.7; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 90d
17.5"
(9/23/89): moderately bright, moderately large, oval E-W, brighter core. A mag 14 star is just off the south
edge 1.0' from center and a mag 15 star is just off NE edge 38" from
center. Located midway between mag
6.8 SAO 91256 15' SW and 69 Pegasi (V = 5.9) 15' NE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7664 = St VIII-29 = T I-51 on 17 Oct 1876. His micrometric position is very
accurate. Wilhelm Tempel
independently discovered this galaxy in 1876, so the discovery priority is
uncertain.
******************************
NGC 7665 = MCG
-02-59-019 = PGC 71474
23 27 14.8 -09
23 13
V = 12.7; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.3
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, very small, round, small bright core. Located 2.9' WNW of mag 9.1 SAO 146713.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7665 = H III-438 on 28 Sep 1785 (sweep 445) and logged "eF,
S, stellar, about 1 1/2' a pB star."
His dec is 2' too small.
******************************
NGC 7666
23 27 24 -04 11
=Not found,
Corwin and Steinicke.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7666 = Nova #8 on 21 Dec 1865 while searching for Biela's
Comet. There is nothing near his
position. Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke were unable to identify a
candidate and classify it as lost.
******************************
NGC 7667 = VV
613 = UGC 12578 = MCG +00-59-038 = CGCG 380-050 = PGC 71345
23 24 23.1 -00
06 29
V = 14.0; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 90d
48"
(10/27/16): at 488x; fairly faint, large, elongated roughly 5:2 E-W but the
shape is irregular. Low though
uneven surface brightness with no core.
The galaxy bends to the north on the east side and spreads out into a
very low surface brightness haze.
This barred
Magellanic irregular (possible merger) contains a series of blue HII knots
along the west side and three were seen at 488x. A very faint stellar or quasi-stellar knot (UM 160 NED1) is
detached off the west end. A
slightly brighter tiny knot (UM 160 NED2) is close ESE [by 15"], at the
west edge of the galaxy. A third
collinear knot (UM 160 NED3), 15" further ESE, was intermittently
visible. The NED designations are
from the University of Michigan emission line survey.
UGC 12589,
located 12' NE, appeared fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1
~SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.3', small brighter central region. This peculiar galaxy has an unusual shape, hooking
counterclockwise on the southwest side and extending a short distance [~0.3']
due west. The galaxy tapers on the
northeast end. It forms a pair
with LEDA 214957 1.2' NE.
24"
(9/29/16): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W,
~30"x20", low even surface brightness (surprisingly faint). This is highly irregular or disrupted
merger with several blue knots on the western half, but these were not
noticed. UGC 12589 lies 12'
NE. This peculiar galaxy (another
merger?) appeared extremely faint, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 or 3:1
SW-NE, 30"x12", very low surface brightness.
17.5"
(8/31/86): very faint, very diffuse, elongated 3:2 E-W. A faint star is 2' N and another 6' ENE
(mag 14.5/15 double at 16"). UGC 12589 lies 12' NE.
Brother Gaspare
Ferrari discovered NGC 7667 = Nova #9, along with NGC 7668, 7669 and 7670, on
21 Dec 1866 (AN 1571) while searching for Biela's Comet at College Romain with
a 9.5-inch refractor. He simply
noted "vF" and "three [others] surround the 9th [NGC 7667] in
the field." There is nothing
near his position (determined using the setting circles). RNGC and PGC identify UGC 12578 as NGC
7667. This galaxy is 3.0 min of RA
west and 4.5' north of Ferrari's position, so is a very uncertain
identification and the number could be considered lost. Neither UGC, MCG, CGCG nor ESGC
identify UGC 12578 as NGC 7667.
See Harold Corwin's identification notes.
******************************
NGC 7668
23 27 12 -00 11
=Not found,
Corwin.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7668 = Nova #10, along with NGC 7667, 7669 and 7670, on 21 Dec
1865 while searching for Biela's Comet. There is nothing near his position and
both Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke list this number as lost. See NGC 7667.
******************************
NGC 7669
23 27 12 -00 11
=Not found,
Corwin.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7669 = Nova #11, along with NGC 7667, 7668 and 7670, on 21 Dec
1865 while searching for Biela's Comet. There is nothing near his position and
both Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke list this number as lost. See NGC
7667.
******************************
NGC 7670
23 27 12 -00 11
=Not found,
Corwin.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7670 = Nova #12, along with NGC 7667, 7668 and 7669, on 21 Dec
1865 while searching for Biela's Comet. There is nothing near his position and
both Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke list this number as lost. See NGC 7667.
******************************
NGC 7671 = UGC
12602 = MCG +02-59-044 = CGCG 431-069 = PGC 71478
23 27 19.3 +12
28 03
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 138d
17.5"
(10/28/89): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, prominent small bright
core, stellar nucleus. A mag 11
star is 2.1' W. Pair with NGC 7672
5.7' SE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7671 = H III-226 = h2242 on 21 Oct 1784 and simply logged
"eF, S. The moon
up(?)." His position is
accurate. He found the galaxy
again on 23 Nov 1785 (sweep 476) and noted "vF, vS, stellar. 240 confirmed it; a few minutes
following a pB star." On
sweep 13, JH recorded "pB; S; R; 20"; mbM, with a hazy border. Approaching to a stellar, or a
planetary character."
******************************
NGC 7672 = MCG
+02-59-045 = CGCG 431-070 = PGC 71485
23 27 31.4 +12
23 07
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 36d
17.5"
(10/28/89): very faint, small, round, low surface brightness, no central
brightening. Pair with NGC 7671
5.7' NW.
R.J. Mitchell,
LdR's observing assistant, discovered NGC 7672 = Sw II-100 on 23 Oct 1857. While observing NGC 7671 he logged
"I see a S, vF, neb about 6' south. and this latter is followed by a
double star." His description
and offset matches this galaxy.
Lewis Swift independently
discovered NGC 7672 on 31 Oct 1885 and noted "eF; pS; R; v diff.; GC 4666
[NGC 7671] near; H is wrong and h right as to the brightness of [NGC
7671]." His position is
fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7673 = IV Zw
149 = UGC 12607 = MCG +04-55-014 = CGCG 476-042 VV 619 = Mrk 325 = LGG 474-001
= PGC 71493
23 27 41.4 +23
35 20
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1
13.1"
(9/22/84): moderately bright, small, weak concentration, round. Forms a pair with NGC 7677 7' SE. Located 4' W of mag 7.9 SAO 91280 and
5' WNW of mag 8.6 SAO 91282.
Upsilon Pegasi (V = 4.4) is 33' WSW in a low power field.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7673 = m 577 on 5 Sep 1864 and noted "F, S, R." Heinrich d'Arrest independently
discovered the galaxy again on 30 Sep 1866 with the 11" refractor at
Copenhagen Observatory.
******************************
NGC 7674 = HCG
96A = Arp 182 NED1 = VV 343a =UGC 12608 = MCG +01-59-080 = CGCG 406-112 = Mrk
533 = PGC 71504
23 27 56.7 +08
46 44
V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 150d
48"
(10/30/16): at 610x; very bright, moderately large, round, 0.9' diameter,
sharply concentrated with an intensely bright core that increases to a blazing
stellar nucleus! The halo has an
irregular surface brightness with a strong hint of spiral structure, though no
clearly defined arms. A faint star
(mag ~16.5) is at the northeast edge and NGC 7674A = HCG 96C is just beyond
this star. The contact companion
is moderately bright, small, roundish, ~18" diameter, slightly brighter
stellar nucleus. NGC 7675 = HCG
96B, the second brightest in the HCG 96 quartet, is 2.3' WSW.
HCG 96D, 1.1' SE
and the faintest in the quartet, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
2:1 or 5:2 N-S, low nearly even surface brightness, ~15"x6". Just outside the field and not
catalogued by Hickson are LEDA 214960, 3.8' SW of NGC 7674 and LEDA 1353595,
3.9' E of NGC 7674. The first galaxy
appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 SSW-NNE,
20"x8", well concentrated with a bright core. LEDA 1353595 was very faint (V = 16.9),
small, irregularly round, 10" diameter, very low surface brightness.
24"
(12/28/13): at 375x appeared fairly bright, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter,
sharply concentrated with a small, very bright core. Brightest in the HCG 96 quartet with CGCG 406-113 = HCG 96C
just off the NE edge [33" from center]. HCG 96D (faintest member) lies 1.1' SE and NGC 7675 = HCG
96B is 2.3' ESE.
HCG 96B:
moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 or 5:4 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.45', well
concentrated with a small, very bright core.
HCG 96C: fairly
faint, very small, round, 15" diameter
HCG 96D:
extremely faint and small, round, 6" diameter, only pops with averted (at
same position) but cannot hold for an extended period.
18"
(9/3/05): moderately bright, fairly small, round, ~0.8' initially though with
averted the halo appeared ~1' diameter.
Contains a brighter core and stellar nucleus. Brightest and largest of a trio in HCG 96. MCG +01-59-081 is attached on the NE
edge.
18"
(8/27/05): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.7' diameter (though somewhat
larger with averted vision), even concentration to a small bright core and
stellar nucleus. Forms a similar
pair with NGC 7675 2.5' E in HCG 96.
17.5"
(11/28/97): fairly faint, small, roundish, 0.6' diameter, increases to a very
small brighter core and a stellar nucleus. Forms a very close pair with MCG +01-59-081 = HCG 96C close
off the NE side. Brightest of three visible in the group. CGCG 406-113 is also in the field 8.5'
due north.
17.5"
(7/16/93): brightest in HCG 96.
Fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, bright core, substellar
nucleus. A companion (HCG 96c) is
just visible at the northeast edge of the halo <1.0' from the center. A possible threshold star mag 16-16.5
is also superimposed at the northeast edge. NGC 7675 lies 2.5' ESE.
17.5"
(11/1/86): moderately bright, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, weak
concentration. Forms a pair with
NGC 7675 2.5' ESE. Seeing poor.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7674 = h2243, along with NGC 7675, on 16 Aug 1830 and reported
"F; R; gbM; 30". The p
of 2 [with NGC 7675]." Samuel
Hunter observed the pair as an assistant at Birr Castle on 30 Sep 1862 and
described "Two neb p and f; preceding one [NGC 7674] is double,
north-south, north component may only be a * enveloped in
nebulosity". The "north
component" is MCG +01-59-081 = HCG 96C and if Hunter was more certain,
this object would likely have received a NGC designation. The MCG misidentifies MCG +01-59-081 as
NGC 7674 and NGC 7674 itself is mislabeled as NGC 7675.
******************************
NGC 7675 = HCG
96B = Arp 182 NED2 = VV 343 = MCG +01-59-083 = CGCG 406-114 = PGC 71518
23 28 05.9 +08
46 07
V = 13.8; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 35d
48"
(10/30/16): at 610x; very bright, moderately large, well concentrated with a
very bright core that increases to the center. The halo is oval 4:3 SSW-NNE. NGC 7675 is the second brightest member of the HCG 96
quartet with HCG 96D 1.5' W. LEDA
1353595, situated 1.9' NE though not a member, appeared very faint (V = 16.9),
small, irregularly round, 10" diameter, very low surface brightness.
24"
(12/28/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 or 5:4 SSW-NNE,
0.6'x0.45', well concentrated with a small, very bright core. Second brightest in the HCG 96 quartet
with NGC 7674 2.4' WNW.
18"
(9/3/05): fairly faint, fairly small, round, very small brighter core and
stellar nucleus with direct vision.
Located 2.5' ESE of slightly brighter and larger NGC 7674.
18"
(8/27/05): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.6'x0.5', very small
bright core. Located 2.4'
following NGC 7674.
17.5"
(11/28/97): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter
core. At 280x a stellar nucleus is
visible. Located 2.4' ESE of NGC 7674 in HCG 96.
17.5"
(7/16/93): faint, small, round, broad concentration, substellar nucleus. Second brightest in NGC 7674 group =
HCG 96 group with NGC 7674 2.5' WNW.
Appears brighter than listed magnitude.
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, very small, round, weak concentration, slightly
smaller and fainter than NGC 7674 2.5' WNW. Poor seeing during observation.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7675 = h2244, along with NGC 7674, on 16 Aug 1830 and noted
"vF; R; gbM; 20". The f
of 2 [with NGC 7674]."
MCG (+01-59-083) doesn't label this galaxy as NGC 7675.
******************************
NGC 7676 = ESO
148-016 = AM 2326-595 = PGC 71564
23 29 01.7 -59
43 00
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 85d
25"
(10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 E-W,
~1.4'x0.7'. The galaxy is sharply
concentrated with a small, intense core that increases to the center. ESO 148-017, situated 17' NNE, appeared
fairly bright, fairly large, oval ~2:1 SW-NE, ~1.8'x0.8'. Contains a bright elongated core that
appears slightly askew from the major axis of the halo. The galaxy is also located 10' ESE of
mag 7.1 HD 220986
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7676 = h3995 on 28 Oct 1834 and recorded "B; S; lE; vsvmbM
to a * 11m." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7677 = UGC
12610 = MCG +04-55-015 = CGCG 476-043 = Mrk 326 = VV 619 = LGG 474-002 = PGC
71517
23 28 06.2 +23
31 53
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 35d
13.1"
(9/22/84): faint, small, almost round.
Located 6.6' SE of brighter NGC 7673. Two bright stars to the north interfere with viewing! Mag 8.6 SAO 91282 lies 2.7' N and mag 7.9
SAO 91280 is 3.8' NNW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7677 = m 578, along with NGC 7673, on 5 Sep 1864 and noted
"eF, vS, stell." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7678 = Arp
28 = VV 359 = UGC 12614 = MCG +04-55-017 = CGCG 476-045 = LGG 474-003 = PGC
71534
23 28 27.9 +22
25 16
V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 5d
48"
(10/27/16): at 610x; very bright, fairly large, slightly elongated SSW-NNE,
2.0'x1.5'. Contains and small
bright core and an extremely bright, very small nucleus. The core is elongated WNW-ESE and
appears as a weak bar. A bright thin arm is nearly attached on the east side of
the "bar" and swings counterclockwise to the south of the core. This arm is well defined and brightest
on the southwest end [~30" SW of center]. The northern arm is only visible at its root near the
west end of the "bar" as well as a small, detached piece on the
northeast side of the halo [30" NE of center]. The galaxy sits within a bright isosceles triangle of
mag 11/12 stars. The observation
was made in good seeing but through thin clouds.
24"
(10/5/13): NGC 7678 is in the Arp group of "spiral galaxies - one heavy
arm", which is evident visually.
At 260x the galaxy is beautifully framed with a thin triangle of mag 11.3/11.4
stars to the north and a mag 12 star off the south end. It appeared fairly bright, moderately
large, elongated SW-NE, ~1.8'x1.3'.
Contains a brighter elongated core that increases to a very small
brighter nucleus. The "heavy
arm" is visible on the south side as a thin, shallow arc in the outer halo
and brightens right at its western tip.
13.1"
(9/9/83): faint, moderately large, diffuse, slightly elongated ~N-S, 1.8'x1.4',
weak concentration. Located within
a thin isosceles triangle of mag 10.5-11 stars with the vertex at the south end
and height 2.5'. The mag 11 star
just off the south end is just 1.1' from the center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7678 = H II-226 = h2245 on 15 Sep 1784 (sweep 274) and recorded
"F, pL, bM, elliptical, between an acute triangle of pretty considerable
stars." On sweep 91, JH
described this object as "F; vR [sic?]; pL; lbM; very symmetrically
situated in the southern part of a lozenge of 4 stars, on the longer diagonal,
forming an elegant object."
He included a sketch in the Slough catalogue (fig. 85).
On 5 Nov 1850,
LdR (or assistant) reported "I saw two knots and a dark space between them
[gap between nucleus and southern arm].
I think the nebula is connected above the dark space. R.J. Mitchell, observing in 1854, noted
"spirality distinctly seen. I
thought the coil double in more closely upon itself than represented in the
drawing [by Bindon Stoney on 17 Oct 1854] and that the central knot had a
stellar nucleus or star. The whole
nebula looked sparkling, though I could not see any separate stars."
******************************
NGC 7679 = Arp
216 NED1 = VV 329a = UGC 12618 = MCG +00-59-046 = CGCG 380-061 = Mrk 534 = PGC
71554
23 28 46.7 +03
30 41
V = 12.9; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 93d
24"
(9/29/16): at 200x; moderately to fairly bright, fairly small, round,
25"-30" diameter, high surface brightness. Contains a small bright core that increases to a faint
stellar nucleus. Burnham 1222, a
close 1.4" pair of mag 10 stars, is 5.2' NW and cleanly resolved at
375x. On the SDSS NGC 7679 appears
disrupted and surrounded by an off-center ring or tidal arm with a condensation
(former companion?) at the eastern edge (LEDA 1253673). Forms a trio with NGC 7682 4.5' ENE and
UGC 12628 11.5' SE.
17.5"
(8/1/87): moderately bright, very small, round, very small bright core, stellar
nucleus. Forms a pair with NGC
7682 4.3' ENE. A mag 12 star lies
2.4' WNW. Located 5.3' SE of a mag
9.5 star.
13"
(9/3/83): fairly faint, extremely small, dominated by a very small intense
nucleus.
8"
(8/16/82): faint, small bright nucleus surrounded by a small halo.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7679 on 23 Sep 1864 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. His position (measured
again 2 nights later with nearby HD 221014) is accurate. Albert Marth independently discovered
this galaxy just a month later on 23 Oct 1864 at Malta and noted a
"nebulous star 12.5 mag."
Surprisingly, Marth missed nearby NGC 7682.
******************************
NGC 7680 = UGC
12616 = MCG +05-55-023 = CGCG 497-025 = LGG 475-002 = PGC 71541
23 28 35.1 +32
24 57
V = 12.6; Size 1.9'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8
17.5"
(8/13/88): moderately bright, very bright core, moderately large halo slightly
elongated SSW-NNE. Several faint
stars are near including two 14 stars 40" S and 1.2' E of center. In a trio with CGCG 497-024 7' NW and
an anonymous galaxy 4' SW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7680 = H III-860 = h2246 = St IX-39 on 2 Nov 1790 (sweep 975)
and "vF, S, lbM." His RA
is 6 seconds too small (CH's reduction). JH made a single observation but didn't measure a good
position. Heinrich d'Arrest
measured an accurate micrometric position on 7 Nov 1863. Stephan also found this galaxy on 30
Oct 1878, reported it as new in list IX-39, and his micrometric position is
very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7681 = UGC
12620 = MCG +03-59-063 = CGCG 454-074 = PGC 71558
23 28 54.9 +17
18 35
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x1.4'; PA = 42d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, very small, round, small prominent core with stellar
nucleus. A wide pair of stars mag
11.5 and 13 at 25" separation is 2.5' NE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7681 = H II-242 = h2247 on 11 Oct 1784 (sweep 274) and recorded
"F, vS, irr R, resolvable." His position is good (within 1'). On 29 Nov 1785 (sweep 480), he logged "F,
S, lrr E, near and preceding 2 or 3 stars." JH made two observations and noted on sweep 11, "vF; R;
gbM; 20" to 30"; near a double star. Bigourdan also measured the position of NGC 7681 as 23 26 21
+17 02 52. All of their positions
are in good agreement with UGC 12620.
Despite this
match RNGC, RC3, CGCG, UGC notes and NGC 2000 all misidentify CGCG 454-072 as
NGC 7681. This galaxy is located
6.2' west-southwest and much fainter than UGC 12620. MCG is the only catalogue to correctly identify NGC
7681. The V magnitude = 14.8 and B
= 15.7 in the RC3 is too faint for UGC 7681.
******************************
NGC 7682 = Arp
216 NED2 = VV 329b = UGC 12622 = MCG +00-59-047 = CGCG 380-062 = PGC 71566
23 29 03.9 +03
32 00
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3
24"
(9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated
4:3 NNW-SSE, ~32"x24", bright core. In a trio with NGC 7679 4.5' WSW and UGC 12628 10' SSE. UGC 12628 appeared fairly faint, fairly
large, slightly elongated, ~1.2'x1.0', low but uneven surface brightness
(face-on spiral). A few times I
detected a central bar running SW-NE (confirmed on the DSS).
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, brighter core, faint stellar
nucleus. Larger of a pair with NGC
7679 4.3' WSW.
13"
(9/9/83): very faint, diffuse, slightly elongated.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7682 on 23 Sep 1862 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. His position is
accurate (measured a total of 3 nights) and he mentioned a mag 14 star preceded
by 13.7 seconds of RA. d'Arrest
didn't record brighter NGC 7679 until 2 years later.
******************************
NGC 7683 = UGC
12623 = MCG +02-59-048 = CGCG 431-074 = PGC 71565
23 29 03.8 +11
26 43
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140d
17.5"
(10/28/89): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, weak concentration,
faint stellar nucleus. A mag 13.5
star is 1.2' NNW. Located 6.0' SE
of mag 8.7 SAO 108630.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7683 = Nova #1 = T I-52 on 14 Nov 1865 while searching for
Biela's Comet. Although the positions
of the other 13 objects in the discovery list (AN 1571) were found using the
setting circles, NGC 7683 was measured using a comparison star, so has a more
accurate position. Wilhelm Tempel
independently discovered this galaxy in 1876.
******************************
NGC 7684 = UGC
12637 = MCG +00-59-050 = CGCG 380-065 = PGC 71625
23 30 32.0 +00
04 52
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 21d
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, small, very elongated ~N-S, small intense core. A mag 12 star is just off the NW side
45" from center. A faint
companion 5' NNW (15.6z) not seen.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7684 = m 580 on 5 Oct 1863 and noted "F, vS, stell." His position is accurate and the
observation is marked as verified.
******************************
NGC 7685 = UGC
12638 = MCG +01-59-087 = CGCG 406-121 = PGC 71628
23 30 33.5 +03
54 06
V = 13.2; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 170d
17.5" (8/27/87):
faint, moderately large, round, diffuse.
Located within the Pisces circlet.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7685 = H III-426 = h2248 on 30 Aug 1785 (sweep 427) and logged
"eF; pL; iR; requires great attention to be seen." His RA is 30 seconds too large. JH noted "eF; L; 60" to
90"." and measured a fairly accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7686 = Cr
456 = Lund 1037 = OCL-251
23 30 07 +49 08
00
V = 5.6; Size 15'
17.5"
(7/31/92): about 75 stars in a 15' field surrounding mag 6.3 SAO 53088,
elongated E-W. A group of seven
faint stars to the west of the mag 6 star is the only fairly rich portion. There is a large region almost devoid
of stars to the north and NW of the bright star consisting of two circular
blank holes in contact. A string
of stars extends out from cluster to the west.
8"
(8/16/82): about three dozen stars resolved including three bright stars mag
6.5/7.5/8.5 and many faint stars over haze, elongated E-W, irregular outline.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7686 = H VIII-69 = h2249 on 3 Dec 1787 (sweep 787) and recorded
"a coarsely scattered cluster of pretty large stars. Contains one 8m in the sf
part." On 14 Sep 1829 (sweep
209), JH logged "a bright coarse cluster 7' diam; seen in full
moonlight. Place of the chief star
= 7m; about a dozen 9...11m, and many 12...14m."
******************************
NGC 7687 = MCG
+00-59-051 = CGCG 380-066 = PGC 71635
23 30 54.4 +03
32 48
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 75d
17.5"
(8/1/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, small brighter
core. A mag 12 star is 1.5' N of
center. Located 27' E of NGC 7682.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7687 on 21 Sep 1862 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. He made a total of 4
observations and measured the mag 11 star 1.5' north.
******************************
NGC 7688 = CGCG
454-080 = CGCG 455-004 = PGC 71648
23 31 05.5 +21
24 42
V = 14.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, round. A
mag 14 star is 1.4' SSW of center.
Christian Peters
discovered NGC 7688 on 13 Oct 1865 with the 13.5-inch refractor at Hamilton
College in Clinton, New York, while searching for Biela's Comet. Otto Struve independently discovered
this galaxy a few months later on 12 Dec 1865 (also searching for the comet)
with the 38-cm refractor at the Pulkovo Observatory at St. Petersburg. Struve noted a mag 14 star in PA 201¡
at a separation of 80", which pins down this identification. Peters' discovery was not published
until his 1882 list in Copernicus, so Dreyer credited Struve in the GC
Supplement (6206). Both are listed
in the NGC.
******************************
NGC 7689 = ESO
192-007 = PGC 71729
23 33 16.1 -54
05 37
V = 11.5; Size 2.9'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 162d
30" (10/13/15
- OzSky): at 303; bright, very large, oval 3:2 or 5:3 NW-SE, ~2.7'x1.8',
contains a relatively large brighter core that is only weakly
concentrated. Spiral structure is
evident. A short arm is attached
on the southeast side of the core and extends east. A second arm appears to be attached on the southwest side of
the core and extends southeast.
Finally a third arm appears to the north of the core. The halo is patchy or mottled on the
northwest side (HII regions or parts of an arm). A mag 11 star is 2.2' E of center, a mag 15 star is at the
north-northwest edge of the halo and a mag 16 star (or stellar knot) is at the
northeast edge of the halo.
James Dunlop
possibly discovered NGC 7689 = D 347 = h7689 on 5 Sep 1826 and described a "faint round nebula, about
20" diameter." His
position is 17' too far east-southeast.
JH found this galaxy on 5 Sep 1826 and noted "pF; L; R; vglbM;
2'." His RA is 40 seconds too
small and this error is repeated in the RC2 and RNGC. Listed in my RNGC Corrections #6.
******************************
NGC 7690 = ESO
240-006 = PGC 71716
23 33 02.6 -51
41 54
V = 12.4; Size 2.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 132d
30"
(10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, oval 5:2 NW-SE,
~100"x40", sharply concentrated with a very bright core that
increases to a stellar nucleus.
The galaxy bulges very slightly at the center and rounds near the
ends. Located 6.2' WNW of mag 8.5
HD 221593.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7690 = h3997 on 3 Oct 1834 and recorded "B; S; E;
psbM." On a later sweep he
noted "pB; S; R; 20"; precedes a * 8m 37 seconds [of time]."
******************************
NGC 7691 = UGC
12654 = MCG +03-60-001 = CGCG 455-009 = LGG 477-001 = PGC 71699
23 32 24.4 +15
50 52
V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 175d
17.5"
(7/19/90): faint, fairly small, almost round, diffuse, low surface
brightness. Forms vertex of an
obtuse triangle with a mag 10.5 star 1.3' SSW and a mag 11.5 star 1.7' E. The two stars detract from viewing.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7691 = H III-213 = h2250 on 16 Oct 1784 (sweep 294) and recorded
"eF, cL, between 2 pB star but a little north of them. 240 verified it." JH made the single observation
"eF; pL; forms a triangle with 2 st 10m, near it".
******************************
NGC 7692 = MCG
-01-60-003 = PGC 71712
23 32 46.8 -05
35 49
V = 13.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.1; PA = 80d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, very small, round, weak concentration. Located 4.9' NNW of mag 9.5 SAO 146766.
George Bond
discovered NGC 7692 = HN 2 on Oct 23 1848 at Harvard College Observatory with
the 15" Merz refractor. His
position in AN 1453 is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7693 = MCG
+00-60-003 = CGCG 381-006 = PGC 71720
23 33 10.5 -01
17 31
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 30d
17.5"
(9/26/92): faint, small, round, weak concentration. A mag 13 star is 1.4' ESE. Located 15' WSW of 14 Piscium (V = 5.9).
Asaph Hall
discovered NGC 7693 on 1 Dec 1881 while observing Faye's Comet with the 26-inch
refractor at the USNO (see AN 2394) and noted a "small nebula or nebulous
star." His position is an
exact match with MCG +00-60-003.
Sherburne Burnham also measured the position (Publ of Lick Obs, II) and
commented it was not a "nebulous star". This is the Hall's only NGC discovery, though he is famous
for discovering the two moons of Mars.
******************************
NGC 7694 = MCG
-01-60-004 = Mrk 931 = PGC 71728
23 33 15.8 -02
42 10
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 80d
17.5"
(11/30/91): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 1.1'x0.7', broad
concentration. Almost collinear
with two mag 13 stars 1.8' NNE and 3.0' NNE of center. Located 4.2' SW of a mag 10 star. Forms a close pair with NGC 7695 1.1'
SSW. Member of the NGC 7701 group
with NGC 7701 20' SE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7694 = H III-187 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 279) and recorded
"eF, stellar. 240 verified
it, and showed it of a considerable magnitude." Heinrich d'Arrest measured the position on 2 nights, so the
NGC position is accurate. Albert Marth discovered nearby NGC 7695.
******************************
NGC 7695 = PGC
71726
23 33 15.0 -02
43 12
V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 81d
17.5"
(11/30/91): extremely faint and small, round, requires averted. Located just 1.1' SSW of NGC 7694 in
the NGC 7701 group.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7695 = m 581 on 18 Nov 1864 and noted "eF, stell, very near
III. 187 [NGC 7694]." His
position is within 1' of PGC 71726, situated 1.1' south of NGC 7694, so the
identification is certain despite the faintness of this galaxy. The RNGC misclassifies this number as
nonexistent (Type 7).
******************************
NGC 7696 = MCG
+01-60-004 = CGCG 407-010 = PGC 71757
23 33 50.1 +04
52 15
V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 96d
24"
(11/24/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 E-W, 30"x18",
weak concentration. CGCG lies 10'
NE.
18"
(11/14/09): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 40"x20", weak
concentration with no core or nucleus.
Located on the SW side of a group of 10 galaxies (4 NGCs) centered about
NGC 7706.
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, diffuse. A mag 13 star is 1.7' WSW. NGC 7704 lies 19' E.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7696 = m 582 on 14 Nov 1863 and noted "F, S, lE." His position is 1' south of CGCG
407-010 = PGC 71757.
******************************
NGC 7697 = ESO
110-G012 = AM 2332-654 = IC 5333 = PGC 71800
23 34 53.0 -65
23 46
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 87d
25"
(10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very thin
edge-on ~8:1 E-W, ~1.2'x0.15', tapers at the tips, contains a thin brighter
elongted core. The galaxy is at
the eastern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 4' SW and a mag 12.5 star
3.5' NW. Also a mag 14.3 star is
1.7' ENE, along with a 15.2 star 1.6' ESE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7697 = h3998 on 6 Sep 1836 and recorded "eeF; pL; 40";
very difficult but certain".
His position in the CGH catalogue is accurate, but his declination in
the GC is 9' too far south. Then
Dreyer made another clerical error and the NGC RA is 3.0 minutes too
large. He later mentioned the
misprint and corrected the RA in the IC 2 Notes.
DeLisle Stewart
found this galaxy again in 1900 on an Arequipa plate and reported IC 5533 = HN
784 as "cB, S, edge of plate, susp." His position is off by only 1.5'. So, NGC 7697 = IC 5533 = ESO 110-012. PGC identifies ESO 110-012 as IC 5333
and doesn't recognize the NGC label.
RC3 misidentifies ESO 110-014 as NGC 7697. ESO-LV identifies both ESO 110-012 and ESO 110-014 as NGC
7697. RNGC classifies this number
as a galaxy but uses the erroneous blank NGC position! So, there are numerous identification
missteps.
******************************
NGC 7698 = UGC
12668 = VV 400 = MCG +04-55-029 = CGCG 476-069 = PGC 71762
23 34 01.5 +24
56 41
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 170d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, very small, round, very small bright core. A mag 14 star is 38" E of
center. A wide double star mag
9/10 (1.0' separation in PA 0¡) lies 5' SSE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7698 = St XIII-96 on 26 Sep 1883. His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7699 = PGC
71782
23 34 27.0 -02
53 58
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 109d
24"
(9/22/17): at 260x; very faint, very small, round, 18" diameter, low even
surface brightness. A mag 11 star
is 1' E. Situated nearly midway
between NGC 7700 3.3' S and NGC 7701 2.9' NNE.
17.5"
(11/30/91): extremely faint, very small, round, requires averted vision. Located just 1.0' E of a mag 11
star. Also located just west of
the midpoint of the line connecting NGC 7700 3.2' SSE and NGC 7701 3.0' NNE. NGC 7699 is the faintest in this trio.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7699 = m 583, along with NGC 7700 (near NGC 7701), on 18 Nov
1864 and noted "eF, vS."
His position is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7700 = MCG
-01-60-006 = PGC 71777
23 34 30.3 -02
57 13
V = 13.8; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 155d
24"
(9/22/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE,
~1.0'x0.25'. A mag 12 star is 3'
ENE. NGC 7699 is 3.3' N and 7701
is 6' N.
17.5"
(11/30/91): faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, weak concentration. A mag 13 star is 2.0' SSE. In a group with NGC 7701 6.0' N and NGC
7699 3.3' NNW. The identifications
of NGC 7700 and NGC 7701 are reversed in RC3, PGC and DSFG.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7700 = m 584, along with NGC 7699, on 18 Nov 1864 and noted
"vF, eS, stellar. (not far from [NGC 7701])." His position is accurate. The
identifications for NGC 7700 and NGC 7701 are reversed in the pre-publication
version of the ESGC and this error is repeated in the RC3, PGC and secondary
sources such as the first edition of the Deep Sky Field Guide and WikiSky. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7701 = MCG
-01-60-007 = LGG 476-003 = PGC 71779
23 34 31.5 -02
51 15
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 175d
24"
(9/22/17): at 260x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, well
concentrated with a small bright elongated core. Brightest in a group (LGG 476) with NGC 7699 3' SSW, NGC
7700 6' S, IC 1501 18' S, NGC 7710 19' ESE.
17.5"
(11/30/91): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, prominent core,
stellar nucleus, halo gradually fades into background. A mag 11 star is 3.3' SW. Brightest in a group with NGC 7700 6.0'
S, NGC 7699 3.0' SSW, NGC 7710 19' E and NGC 7694 20' NW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7701 = H III-188 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 279) and recorded
"eF, stellar. I did not
verify this because it looked exactly like the former [NGC 7694] before I
verified it." His position is
7' too far southwest, comparable to the offset for NGC 7694, the previous
object in the sweep. Heinrich d'Arrest
measured the position on 4 nights, though questioned if it was NGC 7701 due to
the discrepancy in position.
The data for NGC
7700 and 7701 are reversed in the ESGC, PGC and the first edition of the Deep
Sky Field Guide.
******************************
NGC 7702 = ESO
192-009 = PGC 71829
23 35 28.9 -56
00 44
V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 117d
30"
(10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very bright, fairly large, elongated at least 2:1
WNW-ESE, 1.4'x0.6', sharply concentrated with an intensely bright core that
increases gradually to the center.
This galaxy has a strong apparent ring though it is not connected to a
bar. The ring was evident as a
well defined oval periphery and brightened slightly at the ends of the major
axis. A mag 8.2 star lies 3.4' W.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7702 = h3999 on 28 Oct 1834 and recorded "vB; pmE; smbM;
30" l; has a * 9m 23.5 seconds preceding, 10" north." His mean position (measured on 2
nights) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7703 = UGC
12676 = MCG +03-60-004 = CGCG 456-016 = PGC 71797
23 34 46.9 +16
04 33
V = 13.4; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 147d
17.5"
(10/28/89): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, well-defined
small bright core, thin faint extensions.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7703 = h2251 = Sw IV-97 on 7 Oct 1825 and recorded "vF; vS;
gbM; 10"; has a * 1' dist north following." His position is at the south edge of UGC 12676. Lewis Swift independently discovered
this galaxy on 1 Sep 1886 and reported "vF; vS; R; 2 st point to it [to
the east]." Swift's position
is accurate, though he apparently missed the JH's earlier discovery in the
Slough Catalogue and GC.
******************************
NGC 7704 = UGC
12684 = MCG +01-60-005 = CGCG 407-014 = WBL 718-002 = PGC 71810
23 35 01.0 +04
53 51
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 67d
24"
(11/24/14): at 375; fairly faint to moderately bright, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, bright
core, halo increases with averted, 0.6'x0.4'. A mag 15 star is off the SE side
[45" from center]. PGC 214966
lies 2.0' WSW of center and appeared very faint, round, 10" diameter. Slightly brighter NGC 7706 is 4.6' NNE
and NGC 7705 is 5.6' S.
18"
(11/14/09): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.4', very
weak concentration. PGC 214966
lies 1.9' WSW and appeared extremely faint and small, round, 6"
diameter. This compact galaxy was
near my visual threshold and only occasionally visible as a tiny knot. A mag 12 star is 3' W and a mag 15-16
star is less than 1' ESE.
17.5"
(8/27/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, small brighter
core. A mag 15 star is 0.8' SE of
center. In a group with NGC 7705
5.7' S and NGC 7706 4.7' NE. NGC
7696 lies 19' W.
17.5"
(11/1/86): fairly faint, fairly small, very little concentration, slightly
elongated SW-NE. A faint star is
1' off the SE end. Observation in
very poor seeing.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7704 = h2252 on 13 Oct 1827 and logged "eF; hardly perceptible;
a * 12m precedes." His
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7705 = CGCG
407-013 = WBL 718-001 = PGC 71811
23 35 02.5 +04
48 14
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 105d
24"
(11/24/14): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20"-24" diameter,
contains a very small brighter nucleus.
Faintest of 3 NGC's in a N-S string with NGC 7704 5.7' N.
18"
(11/14/09): faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, weak concentration to center
with no zones, though an occasional stellar nucleus. Located 5.7' due south of NGC 7704.
17.5"
(8/27/87): very faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE, just a weak
concentration at the core. Located
5.7' S of NGC 7704 in a group with NGC 7706.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7705 = m 585 on 27 Oct 1864 and briefly commented
"eF". His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7706 = UGC
12686 = MCG +01-60-006 = CGCG 407-015 = WBL 718-003 = PGC 71817
23 35 10.4 +04
57 51
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 120d
24" (11/24/14):
moderately bright and large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, contains a bright, elongated
core and a faint, oval halo. A mag
14.8 star is on the south edge [27" from center]. Brightest in the WBL 718 group.
18"
(11/14/09): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W. Contains a very small, slightly
brighter center with an occasional very faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is just off the south
side. One of the brightest members
of a group that includes 10 galaxies in a one-degree circle. Similar NGC 7704
lies 4.5' SSW.
17.5"
(8/27/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, broad
concentration. A mag 14 star is
27" SW of center. Similar in
size and brightness to NGC 7704 4.7' SSW but a weaker concentration.
17.5"
(11/1/86): similar in size and brightness to NGC 7704 but contains a slightly
brighter core. Slightly elongated
NW-SE, a faint star is 1' SW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7706 = h2253 on 16 Oct 1827 and logged "vF, but brighter
than the preceding." The
preceding refers to NGC 7704, which was discovered on the previous sweep just 3
nights earlier.
******************************
NGC 7707 = UGC
12683 = MCG +07-48-012 = CGCG 533-014 = PGC 71798
23 34 51.4 +44
18 15
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 45d
17.5"
(8/29/92): fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 1' diameter, bright
core, faint stellar nucleus. The
impression of elongation may be due to a mag 15 star at the NNE tip. Located 53" SE of a mag 10.5 star.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7707 = H III-579 = h2254 on 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 621) and logged
"vF, vS, just following a pB star." JH made two observations, first noting "eF; R;
20"; has a * 11m, 45¡ np; distance 25"." This object was missed at Birr Castle
on one attempt.
******************************
NGC 7708
23 34 39 +72 48
54
Size 13'
17.5"
(12/20/95): large, scattered group that requires at low power. At 100x, about 30 stars are spread out
in 15' triangular outline (borders are arbitrary) elongated NW-SE. Includes one bright star (mag 7.4 SAO
10785) and a number of mag 11 stars.
There are also two mag 8 and 9 stars (SAO 10788 and 10791) at the south
vertex of the triangle. There are
no rich spots but the group appears somewhat detached in the field at low power. Catches the eye because of the brighter
stars although appears to be just an asterism due to lack of any concentration
or rich spots. Listed as
nonexistent in RNGC.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7708 = H VIII-62 = h2255 on 19 Sep 1787 (sweep 760) and recorded
"a cl. of coarsely scattered large stars, not rich, but the stars are
brilliant." JH observed this
group of stars on 20 Nov 1829 and noted "A poor and coarse cluster of
large and small stars. The largest
(= 9m) taken." On a later
sweep he reported "a * 8-9m, the chief of a scattered cluster of 30...50
stars, 10...15m. It more than
fills the field. JH's positions correspond with mag 7.6 SAO 10785. RNGC classifies this object as a
nonexistent cluster (Type 7). See
Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7709 = MCG
-03-60-002 = PGC 71828
23 35 27.5 -16
42 18
V = 12.7; Size 2.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 54d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, bright core.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7709 = Sw VI-97 on 21 Oct 1886 and recorded "pF; S; R; betw
2 distant B stars." His RA is
12 seconds too large, but the description matches MCG -03-60-002 = PGC 71828. Bigourdan measured an accurate position
on 16 Nov 1890. Herbert Howe
reobserved the galaxy in 1897-98 and noted "This is described as
"R". I find it much elongated at 225¡. It lies 8' south of a star of mag 8. Its length is 20",
with a possible further faint extension." His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7710 = MCG
-01-60-010 = PGC 71844
23 35 46.1 -02
52 51
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 135d
24"
(9/22/17): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, very
elongated 7:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.25', well
concentrated with a small bright core.
NGC 7701 (brightest in a group) is 19' WNW.
17.5"
(12/16/95): faint, small, 40"x30" halo extended NW-SE, broad
concentration to a slightly brighter core. Situated in a poor star field at 220x with only scattered
mag 14-15 stars. Located 19'
following NGC 7701 (which is the brightest of a trio).
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7710 = m 586 on 24 Sep 1862 with the 11-inch refractor
at Copenhagen. Albert Marth
independently found this galaxy in Nov 1864 and noted "vF, vS,
stellar."
******************************
NGC 7711 = UGC
12691 = MCG +02-60-004 = CGCG 432-007 = LGG 477-003 = PGC 71836
23 35 39.4 +15
18 07
V = 12.2; Size 2.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 95d
17.5"
(10/28/89): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, sharp bright core,
fainter extensions.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7711 = H II-244 = h2256 on 14 Oct 1784 (sweep 289) and logged
"F, S, lE. 240 showed it
better, resolvable." On 16
Oct 1784 (sweep 294), he noted "F, stellar but not vS." On 2 Nov 1823, JH recorded "vF; R;
gmbM; 20"; r; like a blotted star."
******************************
NGC 7712 = UGC
12694 = MCG +04-55-030 = CGCG 476-073 = PGC 71850
23 35 51.6 +23
37 08
V = 12.7; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.1
17.5"
(9/23/89): fairly faint, small, round, weakly concentrated.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7712 = T I-53 in 1876 with the 11-inch "Amici I"
refractor at the Arcetri Observatory.
His position is 1.6' northwest of UGC 12694.
******************************
NGC 7713 = ESO
347-028 = MCG -06-51-013 = AM 2333-381 = LGG 478-002 = PGC 71866
23 36 15.2 -37
56 22
V = 11.2; Size 4.5'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 168d
17.5"
(10/20/90): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, broad
concentration. A mag 13 star is at
the north tip. Located just east
of two mag 10 and 11 stars; the closer mag 11 star is 2' W of center. NGC 7713A
lies 17' NE (not seen).
8"
(8/16/82): very faint, elongated NNW-SSE, weak concentration. Located 40' ESE of Beta Sculptoris (V =
4.4).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7713 = h4000 on 4 Oct 1836 and recorded "pB; oval; or pmE;
vgbM; 3'." There is a
30' error in north polar distance in the NGC due to misprint in GC, but JH's
original NPD is accurate. This
error was noted by Innes (MN 58,330) and repeated by Dreyer in the IC 2 Notes.
******************************
NGC 7714 = Arp
284 NED1 = VV 51a = UGC 12699 = MCG +00-60-017 = CGCG 381-011 = Mrk 538 = LGG
479-002 = PGC 71868
23 36 14.1 +02
09 18
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 4d
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; very bright, moderately large, unusual irregular
structure, ~1.2' diameter. This
deformed, interacting Wolf-Rayet galaxy is dominated by an extremely bright
stellar nucleus (starburst activity).
A short bar-like central region is elongated NNW-SSE. A curved arm bends sharply west on the
south end of the "bar" and contains a very small knot (southwest of
the nucleus). A second arm, which
appears to consist of a series of HII knots on the SDSS, begins on the NNW end
of the "bar" and extends a short distance northeast. A low surface brightness halo appears
as a hazy glow on the eastern side only [a tidal loop on the SDSS]. The western tidally stretched arm of
NGC 7715 2' E heads towards NGC 7714 but doesn't form a complete bridge.
NGC 7714 is
located just 4' NW of mag 5.7 16 Psc and the bright star needs to be kept out
of the field. [HB89] 2333+019, an
18th magnitude quasar with a light-travel time of over 10 billion years, faint
distant quasar, lies 4.4' ENE of center and was the subject of an article by
Howard Banich in the Oct. '17 issue of Sky & Tel.
24"
(8/30/16): at 322x; bright, moderately large, irregular shape. Contains a very bright quasi-stellar
nucleus and a close knot on the NW side.
The halo is irregular in outline.
Brighter of a close, interacting pair (Arp 284) with NGC 7715 2' E. The bridge of material connecting the
pair was not seen. Located 4' NW
of mag 5.7 16 Psc!
17.5"
(8/7/91): moderately bright, very small, unusually bright 13th magnitude
stellar nucleus! Surrounded by a
small halo slightly elongated NW-SE.
Forms a close pair with NGC 7715 1.8' E. Located 4' NW of 16 Piscium (V = 5.7), which adds to an
interesting view! This is a
distorted Wolf-Rayet starburst galaxy.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7714 = h2257 on 18 Sep 1830 and recorded "pB; S; R; psbM;
in field with 16 Piscium; a star 12m near south preceding (dist = 1 diameter of
neb by diagram)." His
position is fairly accurate. NGC
7715 was discovered at Birr Castle.
******************************
NGC 7715 = Arp
284 NED2 = Arp 284:C1 = VV 51b = UGC 12700 = MCG +00-60-018 = CGCG 381-012 =
LGG 479-003 = Holm 810b = PGC 71878
23 36 22.1 +02
09 24
V = 14.2; Size 2.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 73d
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; fairly bright, moderately large, thin edge-on 6:1
WSW-ENE. Dominated by a small,
bright elongated core ~20"x8" that increases to a star-like nucleus. Long stretched tidal arms or plumes
extend WSW-ENE, ~1.8'x0.3'. The
western "arm" heads towards the center of NGC 7714 [1.9' W], but dims
out before reaching the halo. Mag
5.7 16 Psc is just 3.3' S and the glare affected viewing unless moved off the
field.
[HB89] 2333+019,
a faint distant quasar, lies 2.6' NE of the center of NGC 7715. At a redshift of z = 1.871, the
light-travel time is 10.2 billion years.
It was generally visible with averted vision despite a V magnitude of
18.3. The quasar wasn't our target
- Jimi noticed it on his monitor when we were observing NGC 7714/15, so of
course Howard, Jimi and I had to take a look and we were pleased it was readily
visible.
24"
(8/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 4:1
WSW-ENE. Contains a brighter core
and low surface brightness extensions (arms) that increase in size with averted
vision to ~1.4'x0.35'. On images
the western arm or tidal bridge stretches to brighter NGC 7714 1.8' W, though
there was no visual connection.
Located 3' N of mag 5.7 16 Psc!
17.5"
(8/7/91): very faint, very small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE. Located 3.2' N of mag 5.7 16 Psc, which
detracts from viewing. Forms a
close pair (Arp 284) with much brighter NGC 7714 1.8' W.
Bindon Stoney,
LdR's observing assistant, discovered NGC 7715 on 4 Nov 1850 while examining
NGC 7714. He simply noted "a
F neb f[ollows] about 2'."
Dreyer measured an accurate position in 1876 using the offset from 16
Psc.
******************************
NGC 7716 = UGC
12702 = MCG +00-60-019 = CGCG 381-013 = LGG 479-004 = PGC 71883
23 36 31.5 +00
17 50
V = 12.1; Size 2.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 35d
13.1"
(11/5/83): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, faint stellar
nucleus. Located 2.0' N of a mag
9.5 star.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7716 = h2258 on 6 Sep 1831 and recorded "Not eF; pL; lE;
gbM; has a * 10m exactly south, dist 2'." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7717 = MCG
-03-60-008 = PGC 71941
23 37 43.7 -15
07 07
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 8d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, very small, round, small bright core, stellar
nucleus. Located 4.9' WSW of mag
6.4 SAO 165808.
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7717 = T I-54 in 1876 with the 11" refractor at the Arcetri
Observatory near Florence. He mentions the nebula precedes Lalande 46286 (HD
222125) by 10 seconds and 1.5' south, but the galaxy is 20 seconds of RA west
of the star.
******************************
NGC 7718 = UGC
12712 = MCG +04-55-034 = CGCG 476-082 = PGC 71959
23 38 05.0 +25
43 11
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 160d
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, small, elongated NW-SE, even surface brightness.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7718 = m 587 on 6 Sep 1863 and noted "vF, S, R." His dec is 2' too far south.
******************************
NGC 7719 = ESO
536-012 = PGC 71961
23 38 02.6 -22
58 28
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3
17.5"
(12/20/95): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated ~N-S? [DSS
orientation SW-NE], 30" diameter, can just hold steadily with averted
vision. A mag 14 star is 2.2'
SW. There are no stars brighter
than mag 12 in the 21' field.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7719 = LM I-264 on 11 Aug 1885 and noted "eF;
vS; R." His rough position
(nearest min of RA) is less than 1 min of RA too large. Herbert Howe measured an accurate
position in 1898-99 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
******************************
NGC 7720 = UGC
12716 = MCG +04-55-036 = CGCG 476-091 = 3C 465 = PGC 71985
23 38 29.4 +27
01 55
V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 20d
17.5"
(8/10/91): located at the center of the rich cluster AGC 2634. Fairly faint, small, small bright core,
elongated SSW-NNE. Forms a double
system with a companion (NGC 7720A) attached at the north side. The system appears visually as
overlapping galaxies with double nuclei.
A dense swarm of galaxies are nearby to the south and east; IC 5341 2.8'
SSW, CGCG 476-090 3.2' S, CGCG 476-092 3.3' SSE, IC 5342 2.4' SE, PGC 85575
0.9' E and PGC 71991 1.5' E! A mag
15.5 star is 1.5' SW and two mag 11 stars lie 4' SSE and 7' SSE.
IC 5341: very
faint, extremely small, round.
CGCG 476-090:
very faint, extremely small, round.
A mag 11 star is 2.1' E.
This is the central galaxy in a very tight trio 3' S of NGC 7720.
IC 5342: very
faint, small, round, bright core.
Located 2' N of a mag 11 star and 2.4' SE of NGC 7720.
PGC 85575:
extremely faint and small, round, <5" diameter. Located just 0.9' E of the center of
NGC 7720.
PGC 71991:
extremely faint and small, slightly elongated N-S. A mag 14 star is 30" WSW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7720 = H III-146 = h2259 on 10 Sep 1784 (sweep 264) and recorded
"vF, E, small stars with nebulosity between." There is nothing at his position, but
36 seconds of time west is UGC 12716. JH described this galaxy as "pF; R;
bM; 20"." and measured an accurate RA. Herbert Howe reported in his 1900 paper on NGC/IC
observations that "there seems to be a small nest of nebulae clustered
about this one. I have measured
two, and suspected some others. An
examination with a large telescope might be fruitful. 7720 is described as "lE, bM." It looks like a nebulous double star of
mag 12-13.5, angle 10¡ [NNE], and distance 10"." So Howe clearly resolved the two
components of NGC 7720.
******************************
NGC 7721 = MCG
-01-60-017 = LGG 481-001 = Holm 812a = PGC 72001
23 38 48.7 -06
31 04
V = 11.6; Size 3.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 15d
17.5"
(9/15/90): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, broad weak
concentration.
8"
(8/15/82): faint, moderately large, low surface brightness, elongated N-S.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7721 = H II-432 = h2260 on 10 Sep 1785 (sweep 435) and logged
"pB, cL, E." On 30 Sep
1786 (sweep 605), he reported "F, lbM, about 3' l, E from sp about 10 or
15¡ from the meridian to nf." JH made 3 observations in Oct 1828, calling
the galaxy "vF; L; R; vgbM; 60"." and "pB; pL; pmE; irreg
fig."
******************************
NGC 7722 = UGC
12718 = MCG +03-60-017 = CGCG 455-035 = LGG 477-004 = PGC 71993
23 38 41.2 +15
57 17
V = 12.4; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 150d
17.5"
(10/28/89): fairly faint, fairly small, almost round, even concentration to a
bright core, very small or stellar nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is close off the SW edge 44" from
center.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7722 on 12 Aug 1864 with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen. His position is accurate (observed on
two nights) and he mentions the mag 12 star 2' NNE (3.8 seconds of time east
and ~1.5' north).
******************************
NGC 7723 = MCG
-02-60-005 = LGG 480-001 = PGC 72009
23 38 56.6 -12
57 35
V = 11.2; Size 3.5'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35d
17.5"
(9/15/90): moderately bright, moderately large, oval 3:2 SW-NE, very small
bright core, large diffuse halo.
NGC 7727 lies 40' NNE.
Located 20' ENE of mag 5.7 SAO 165804.
8"
(8/28/81): faint, moderately large, elongated. Located 20' ENE of a mag 6 star.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7723 = H I-110 = h2261 on 27 Nov 1785 (sweep 478) and recorded
"cB, cL, mbM, lE." His
position is accurate. JH logged
(sweep 9) "Irreg R; gbM; 2' diam; r.
I certainly see one star near the middle."
******************************
NGC 7724 = MCG
-02-60-006 = LGG 480-002 = PGC 72015
23 39 07.2 -12
13 27
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 37d
13.1"
(10/10/86): faint, moderately large, slightly elongated SW-NE, diffuse but
edges well defined, even surface brightness. A mag 10 star (SAO 165813) lies 5.6' SSE. Located 12' WNW of NGC 7727.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7724 = St V-13 = T I-55 = T IV-14 on 23 Sep 1873 and recorded
"eF, moderate extent; irregular." His micrometric position is accurate. Wilhelm Tempel independently found the
galaxy again on 26 Nov 1877 and measured an accurate micrometric position in
1880. He was surprised WH, JH,
d'Arrest and LdR missed this galaxy, although they all viewed nearby NGC 7727.
******************************
NGC 7725 = MCG
-01-60-018 = PGC 72025
23 39 14.8 -04
32 22
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5"
(10/21/95): faint, very small, round, 25" diameter, weak even
concentration down to a slightly brighter core and nucleus. A wide pair of stars (h990 = 9.2/11.5
at 41") is 10' SE. Incorrect
identification in the RNGC. The
PGC magnitude (13.0B) is too bright.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7725 = H III-189 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 279) and simply noted
"eF". His single
position is ~6' southeast of MCG -01-60-018 = PGC 72025. There were no observations of this
object by JH or at Birr Castle. As
his positions were too far south in the previous two objects in the sweep, this
is a reasonable identification.
MCG doesn't label this galaxy as NGC 7725. The RNGC misidentifies MCG -01-60-011 as NGC 7725. This galaxy is located 3.0 min of RA
west and 17' south of the NGC position.
******************************
NGC 7726 = UGC
12721? = MCG +04-55-040 = CGCG 476-098 = PGC 72024
23 39 11.9 +27
06 55
V = 14.2; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 60d
17.5"
(8/10/91): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, weak concentration. A mag 11 star is 2.6' SW. Located 10.7' NE of NGC 7720 in AGC
2634. NGC 7728 lies 11' E and CGCG
476-095 is 11' NW.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7726 = Sw IV-98 on 8 Aug 1886 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; e
diff.; pB * nr foll; 6218 [NGC 7728] nr north following but is not little but
very elongated." There is
nothing at his position (14' east-southeast of NGC 7720), but the number
probably applies to one of the galaxies within the galaxy cluster Abell 2634.
Harold Corwin
suggests NGC 7726 = UGC 12721, though notes some inconsistencies. Swift's position is 19 seconds of RA
east and 8' south of this galaxy.
Swift mentions a "pB* nr foll". A mag 9 star is due east, but it follows by 9'. Also a mag 10 star is only 2.6'
southwest of UGC 12721 and it seems likely this star would have been noted
instead. On the other hand, NGC
7728 is 11' east-northeast in agreement with the description, though it
certainly doesn't appear "very elongated". Corwin was unable to find another more likely candidate, so
this identification is very uncertain.
The RNGC and RC3
misidentifies IC 5342 as NGC 7726. This galaxy is just 2.5' southeast of NGC
7720. I called NGC 7726
nonexistent in RNGC Corrections #4, but my comments were revised in RNGC
Corrections #6.
******************************
NGC 7727 = Arp
222 = VV 67 = MCG -02-60-008 = LGG 480-003 = PGC 72060
23 39 54.2 -12
17 31
V = 10.6; Size 4.7'x3.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 35d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 E-W, very bright core,
almost stellar nucleus, large fainter halo. Forms a pair with NGC 7724 12' NW.
13"
(10/10/84): moderately bright, bright core, faint stellar nucleus, faint outer
halo, slightly elongated. Forms a
pair with NGC 7724.
8"
(8/28/81): faint, moderately large, round, bright core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7727 = H I-111 = h2262 on 27 Nov 1785 (sweep 478) and recorded
"pB; pL; bM; iR." His
position is unusually accurate.
d'Arrest made two observations, measured an accurate position, and gave
the diameter as 37"-42".
******************************
NGC 7728 = UGC
12727 = MCG +04-55-041 = CGCG 476-103 = PGC 72064
23 40 00.8 +27
08 01
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 75d
17.5"
(8/10/91): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, bright core,
stellar nucleus. Located 2.3' NE
of a mag 10 star in AGC 2634.
Forms a pair with PGC 85623 = 2MASX J23400320+2710014 2.5' NNE. UGC 12721 lies 11' W.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7728 on 16 Feb 1862 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. His mean position
(measured on 3 nights) is just off the south side of the galaxy and he mentions
the nearby mag 9 star (9 seconds of RA west).
******************************
NGC 7729 = UGC
12730 = MCG +05-55-046 = CGCG 497-047 = PGC 72083
23 40 33.7 +29
11 17
V = 13.5; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 7d
17.5"
(7/30/92): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 N-S, 1.2'x0.4', small
bright core.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7729 = St XIII-97 on 5 Oct 1883 and recorded "eF; S, irr
elongated SSW to NNE. Small star (or nucleus) eccentrically placed to the
south." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7730 = ESO
606-002 = MCG -04-55-022 = PGC 72094
23 40 45.9 -20
30 32
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 134d
18"
(11/22/08): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter (viewed core
only?), weak concentration.
Located 8' WSW of a mag 9.6 HD 222507. The NGC identification with this galaxy is uncertain due to
Tempel's poor position and description ("pretty bright").
Wilhelm Tempel
discovered NGC 7730 = T I-56 in 1876 with the 11" refractor at the Arcetri
Observatory and recorded "Nebula, good class II, elongated, 2' dia; no
known star in the vicinity."
There is nothing at his very rough position (RA to the nearest minute
and marked +/-) in his first list (AN 2212). The GC Supplement and NGC position, though, is about 50
seconds further east based on a position communicated directly to Dreyer. Herbert Howe reported he unsuccessfully
searched for this object on two nights in 1898-99.
The ESO
identifies ESO 606-002 = MCG -04-55-22 as NGC 7730. This galaxy is 17' south and 36 seconds west of his
"corrected" position. Furthermore, with a magnitude of B_t = 14.8
this galaxy is pretty faint, so I doubt Tempel would refer to it as a
"good [Herschel] class II".
Harold Corwin was unable, though, to find another suitable
candidate. See his notes.
******************************
NGC 7731 = UGC
12737 = MCG +00-60-034 = CGCG 381-025 = Holm 813b = LGG 482-001 = PGC 72128
23 41 29.1 +03
44 24
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; bright, moderately large, slightly elongated E-W,
1.0'x0.8', well concentrated with a slightly elongated bright core SW-NE and a
sharp, very bright stellar nucleus!
Situated just 1.3' W of a distracting mag 11 star. Forms a striking pair with NGC 7732
1.5' SE.
24"
(11/24/14): fairly faint, fairly small.
Sharply concentrated with a brighter "bar" oriented SW-NE
within a very faint halo increasing the size to ~30". A mag 11 star is 1.3' E and NGC 7732
is 1.5' SE.
IC 1504 lies 17'
NNW and appeared fairly faint, fairly small. Sharply concentrated with a brighter "bar"
oriented SW-NE in a very faint halo increasing the size to ~30". A mag 11 star is 1.3' E
17.5"
(11/30/91): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 ~SW-NE, small bright core. A mag 11 star is 1.3' E. Forms a close pair with NGC 7732 1.4'
SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7731 = m 588, along with NGC 7732, on 27 Oct 1864 and noted
"F, S."
******************************
NGC 7732 =
Zwicky's 'Pierced' Galaxy = UGC 12738 = MCG +00-60-035 = CGCG 381-026 = Holm
813a = LGG 482-002 = PGC 72131
23 41 33.9 +03
43 30
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 96d
48"
(10/26/16): at 610x; fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2
E-W, 1.4'x0.4'. There is no brighter
core in the central region but the galaxy was asymmetric, appearing wider and
brighter on the west end [SDSS shows a series of blue HII knots]. At 697x, the western end was mottled
and occasionally appeared to bulge out a bit to the south on the southwest
side.
24"
(11/24/14): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, ~35"x14", low
even surface brightness. Forms a
pair with NGC 7731 1..5' NW. A mag
11 star is 1' due north.
17.5"
(11/30/91): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, low even surface
brightness. Located just 1.0' S of
a mag 11 star. Forms a close pair
with NGC 7731 1.4' NW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7732 = m 589, along with NGC 7731, on 27 Oct 1864 and noted
"vF, pL." His position
is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7733 = ESO
110-022 = AM 2339-661 = PGC 72177
23 42 33.0 -65
57 23
V = 13.6; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 107d
25"
(10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish,
35" diameter. Very weak, if
any, concentration. Forms a close
interacting pair with slightly brighter NGC 7734 1.25' NE. Located 25' NE of mag 6.9 HD
222272. On the DSS and Arp-Madore
images, both galaxies are highly disturbed.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7733 = h4001, along with NGC 7734, on 2 Nov 1834 and logged
"eF; S; R; the p of 2; pos from the other = 210¡."
******************************
NGC 7734 = ESO
110-023 = AM 2339-661 = PGC 72183
23 42 42.9 -65
56 41
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 119d
25"
(10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; moderately bright, roundish, ~45"
diameter. Contains a relatively large, slightly brighter central region. NGC
7734 is the slightly brighter of a close 1.25' pair with NGC 7733 off the
southwest side. The outer halo of
the two galaxies are separated by roughly 30".
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7734 = h4002, along with NGC 7733, on 2 Nov 1834 and recorded
"eF; S; R; 25"; the following and largest of 2."
******************************
NGC 7735 = UGC
12744 = MCG +04-55-046 = CGCG 476-115 = PGC 72165
23 42 17.3 +26
13 54
V = 13.6; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 90d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, very small bright core, faint halo. A mag 13 star is off the NE edge 34"
from center and a mag 15 star is at the SW edge 21" from center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7735 = h2263 on 5 Sep 1828 and recorded "vF; a star 14m
with a nebulous branch extended towards the star, and on its south preceding
side; position from the star by diagram = 250¡ or 260¡ [WSW]. This disagrees with my Father's
description of II. 208 [NGC 7741], which is said to be south following a star,
but this may be a mistake for south preceding; but then the RA disagrees 2m and
PD 6'. It can hardly, therefore,
be the same object." JH's
position matches UGC 12744. UGC
and MCG fail to label this galaxy as NGC 7735, though it is correctly labeled
in the CGCG.
******************************
NGC 7736 = ESO
606-005 = MCG -03-60-010 = PGC 72173
23 42 25.8 -19 27
08
V = 12.9; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.8
17.5"
(10/21/95): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 45" diameter. Even concentration to a small bright
core and a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 7.8' SE of mag 8.3 SAO 165838. A mag 14 star lies 1.8' NNW and a mag
13.5 star 2.9' SSE.
Ormond Stone
discovered NGC 7736 = LM I-265 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander
McCormick Observatory. He
reported "mag 15.0; eS; gbM; bet 2 st 12m." His rough position (nearest min of RA) is just 15 seconds of
RA too large. This galaxy is
between two mag 14 stars 1.8' NNW and 2.9' SSE so the identification is
certain. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1897-98 with the
20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver.
******************************
NGC 7737 = UGC
12745 = MCG +04-55-048 = CGCG 476-118 = PGC 72182
23 42 46.4 +27
03 11
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 147d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, weak concentration at the
center. A mag 11 star is 2.7'
NE. Pair with CGCG 476-117 3' NW.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7737 = B. 98 on 3 Oct 1886. His position is accurate although CGCG does not identify
this galaxy as NGC 7737.
******************************
NGC 7738 = NGC
7739? = UGC 12757 = MCG +00-60-038 = CGCG 381-033 = PGC 72247
23 44 02.0 +00
31 00
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 80d
17.5"
(11/2/91): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, brighter core. NGC 7739 lies 14' SE.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7738, along with NGC 7739, on 20 Dec 1865 using the 9.5-inch
refractor at the College Romain as an assistant to Secchi. These two nebulae were found while
searching for Biela's Comet and simply noted as "vF. The 7th [NGC 7739] is
near to the south." The
single position in AN 1571 is 30 seconds of RA west of UGC 12757. Dreyer also observed this galaxy in
1877 at Birr Castle, though misidentified NGC 7738 with a star. The nearest galaxy to the south is CGCG
381-038, 14' south-southeast.
******************************
NGC 7739 = CGCG
381-038 = PGC 72272
23 44 30.1 +00
19 14
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 90d
18"
(10/25/03): faint, small, irregularly round, 0.6'x0.5', weak concentration with
a very small, slightly brighter core.
A 9' east-west string of five mag 13-14 stars passes 2' N. The identification of this galaxy and
NGC 7738 14' NW (both found by Secchi) is uncertain.
Gaspare Ferrari
discovered NGC 7739, along with NGC 7738, on 20 Dec 1865 using the 9.5-inch refractor
at the College Romain as an assistant to Secchi. NGC 7739 was simply noted as near south of NGC 7738, but the
nearest galaxy is CGCG 381-038, 14' south-southeast. Bigourdan couldn't recover NGC 7739 and it was not found on
Heidelberg or Mt Wilson plates.
RC3 identifies
CGCG 381-038 as NGC 7739. UGC
calls UGC 12757 = NGC 7738 = NGC 7739.
RNGC classifies NGC 7739 as nonexistent. MCG has no listing for NGC 7739. The RC3 identification is used here, though it's uncertain
due to the large separation.
******************************
NGC 7740 = CGCG
476-123 = PGC 72216
23 43 32.2 +27
18 43
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140d
17.5"
(9/23/89): very faint, very small, round.
CGCG 476-120 lies 14' NW.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7740 = B. 99 on 27 Oct 1886. His position matches CGCG 476-123 = PGC 72216. RNGC, CGCG and PGC misidentify CGCG
476-122 as NGC 7740, despite a good position. This much fainter galaxy is situated 4.3' northwest of CGCG 476-123
and was not seen in my 17.5".
Furthermore, MCG misidentifies UGC 12746 as NGC 7740. This edge-on galaxy is situated 10'
west-southwest of NGC 7740.
******************************
NGC 7741 = UGC
12754 = MCG +04-55-050 = CGCG 476-125 = PGC 72237
23 43 54.0 +26
04 34
V = 11.3; Size 4.4'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 170d
24"
(8/30/16): at 226x; bright, fairly large, dominated by a central bar extending
at least 3:1 E-W, ~45"x15".
A very low surface brightness arm is attached at the west end of the bar
and extends to the south. The
corresponding arm extending north on the east end was less obvious and only
marginally glimpsed. The arms
blend into a low surface brightness halo at least 2' in diameter. A nice mag 9.8/12 double star is off
the NW side 2' from center.
13.1"
(9/9/83): faint, moderately large, diffuse, elongated ~N-S. A pretty double star mag 9/11 at
24" is just off the north edge 2' from center and interferes with viewing.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7741 = H II-208 = St XII-95 on 10 Sep 1784 (sweep 264) and
recorded "F, cL, R, brightest in the middle; the brightness diminishing by
very gradual shades, sf a star (of the 10 or 11 magnitude by
memory)." His position is 4'
northwest the center of UGC 12754.
Heinrich d'Arrest observed the galaxy on 6 nights (first on 1 Sep 1864),
noted the error in WH's position, and accurately measured the offset to the
double star off the northwest side.
ƒdouard Stephan
independently discovered this galaxy on 25 Oct 1881, also measured an accurate
micrometric position and recorded "eF, fairly large, irr oval, elong E to
W, two points of condensation."
In the remarks section at the end of the list, Stephan notes this object
is identical to GC 5005 [NGC 7741], but WH's position was poor. Perhaps while preparing his manuscript,
he read d'Arrest's observations.
The 10 Dec 1873 observation at Birr Castle reads "cB, L, mE 108¡,
much diffused neby south and following, which Lord Rosse suspected to be divided
into branching [spiral] arms."
******************************
NGC 7742 = UGC
12760 = MCG +02-60-010 = CGCG 432-023 = PGC 72260
23 44 15.7 +10
46 01
V = 11.6; Size 1.7'x1.7'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5"
(10/28/89): moderately bright, moderately large, round, bright core. A mag 12 star is 1.2' ESE.
8"
(8/17/82): faint, small, round, small bright nucleus. A mag 12 star is very close east. NGC 7743 lies 50' S.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7742 = H II-255 = h2264 on 18 Oct 1784 (sweep 297) and recorded
"pB, pS, R, bM, r." CH's
reduced position is 11 sec of RA west of UGC 12760. He found the galaxy again on 23 Nov 1785 (sweep 477)
and noted "pB, R, gbM."
JH observed this galaxy on 5 sweeps and logged (sweep 14), "B; R;
gmbM; 60"; has a small * one diameter following."
******************************
NGC 7743 = UGC
12759 = MCG +02-60-011 = CGCG 432-022 = PGC 72263
23 44 21.1 +09
56 03
V = 11.5; Size 3.0'x2.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 80d
17.5"
(10/28/89): moderately bright, fairly large, slightly elongated NW-SE,
prominent core, stellar nucleus. A
mag 13 star is at the southeast edge 1.0' from center. A mag 10 star is 2.8' SW.
8"
(8/17/82): faint, elongated, small bright nucleus, faint halo with
averted. A mag 13 star is off the
SE edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7743 = H II-256 = h2265 on 18 Oct 1784 (sweep 297) and logged
"R, like the foregoing [NGC 7742], but rather fainter." His position matches UGC 12759. JH observed this galaxy on 3 sweeps and
noted (sweep 305) "pB; R; psbM; 15"; has a * 15m, dist 1'; pos =
153.8¡ by micrometer." Samuel
Hunter, LdR's assistant on 10 Sep 1860, commented "Is it connected with
the * sf by a branch from the north side of neb?" This branch is a spiral arm that
extends south towards the star on the east side of the galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7744 = IC
5348 = ESO 292-017 = MCG -07-48-017 = AM 2342-431 = PGC 72300
23 44 59.2 -42
54 39
V = 11.9; Size 2.2'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 105d
13.1"
(9/3/86): fairly faint, elongated WNW-ESE, broadly concentrated halo, faint
extensions. Located 10' NE of mag
7.8 HD 222838.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7744 = h4003 on 5 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; S; lE; vsvmbM
to a small round almost stellar nucleus." His mean position from 3 sweeps is accurate. Despite a good NGC position, Lewis
Swift found the galaxy again at Echo Mountain on 23 Sep 1897, assumed it was
new and reported it in list XI-235 (later IC 5348) as "eF; eS;
R." His RA is 17 seconds too
small and along with the discrepancy in description, Dreyer recatalogued it as
IC 5348. Harold Corwin notes there
are no other nearby galaxies that Swift might have picked up instead. So, NGC 7744 = IC 5348.
******************************
NGC 7745 = MCG
+04-56-004 = PGC 72299
23 44 45.8 +25
54 32
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6
17.5"
(12/16/95): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Appears as a very low surface
brightness spot that requires averted vision. Collinear with a wide pair of mag 13/14 stars 3.0' and 4.0'
NW of center. Located 15' SE of
NGC 7741.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7745 = m 590 on 6 Sep 1863 and measured an accurate
position. MCG (+04-56-004) fails
to use the NGC designation and as a result the RNGC doesn't reference the MCG.
******************************
NGC 7746 = UGC
12768 = MCG +00-60-043 = CGCG 381-040 = PGC 72319
23 45 20.0 -01
41 06
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 160d
48"
(10/29/16): fairly bright, moderately large, well concentrated with a bright
core and a very bright quasi-stellar nucleus. The halo is oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, ~45"x30". A 6" (uncatalogued) double star is
2.3' SSE (recorded as a single star in 17.5" observation). Two 16th mag stars 1.5' and 2.5' NW are
collinear with the galaxy.
Shakhbazian 21, a distant compact galaxy cluster (1 billion l.y.), is
22' ESE.
17.5":
fairly faint, small, round, small bright core. In line with three mag 14 stars oriented E-W 2.5' W and 2.2'
E of center. A mag 12.5 star is
2.3' SSE.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7746 = Sw IV-99 on 7 Sep 1886 and logged "eF; pS; R; * nr
south, which with one following and preceding forms a double
triangle." His RA is 7
seconds too small (1.5'), but there is no question with the identification.
******************************
NGC 7747 = UGC
12772 = MCG +04-56-005 = CGCG 477-003 = PGC 72328
23 45 32.3 +27
21 39
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 36d
17.5"
(9/23/89): faint, small, very elongated or edge-on SW-NE, weak
concentration. Pair with CGCG
477-004 3.6' ESE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7747 = St V-14 on 23 Sep 1873 and recorded "very faint and
small; roundish; with an eccentric condensation." His position (Esmiol's re-reduction) is
off by 3 seconds of RA (too far west), though his published position was 10
seconds too far west and 2.5' too far south.
******************************
NGC 7748 = SAO
20818
23 44 56.7 +69
45 18
V = 7.2
=*7.2 SAO
20818. "Not found",
Carlson and Curtis.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7748 = h2266 on 16 Nov 1829 and noted "about a * 8m is a
very extensive space which I am certain is affected with nebulosity." At his exact position is mag 7 HD
222958, and there is no nebulosity seen on the DSS. Based on photographs with the Crossley reflector at Lick,
Heber Curtis reported (1913), "Does not exist; absolutely no trace in
exposure of 130 min."
Interestingly, based on a Heidelberg plate, Karl Reinmuth stated
"*6.8 BD+68 1393 with F L halo.". Dorothy Carlson noted "not found" in her 1940
NGC/IC correction list.
******************************
NGC 7749 = ESO
471-009 = MCG -05-56-003 = PGC 72338
23 45 47.6 -29
31 04
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 28d
17.5"
(12/16/95): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.0' diameter, only a broad
weak concentration. A mag 12.5
star is 1.3' following.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7749 = h4004 on 27 Sep 1834 and recorded "F; S; R; glbM;
has a * 12m 1' dist following."
******************************
NGC 7750 = UGC
12777 = MCG +01-60-034 = CGCG 407-056 = LGG 482-003 = PGC 72367
23 46 37.9 +03
47 59
V = 12.9; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 171d
17.5"
(11/30/91): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, broad
concentration. A mag 11 star is
3.2' ESE and a mag 10 star is 5.8' SE of center. Located 20' N of the deep red variable 19 = TX Piscium.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7750 = H III-427 = h2267 on 30 Aug 1785 (sweep 427) and recorded
"vF, S, lE nearly in the meridian." JH made 3 observations, first logging it (sweep 94) as
"Not eF; pL; R; lbM."
CGCG fails to label this galaxy as NGC 7750.
******************************
NGC 7751 = UGC
12778 = MCG +01-60-035 = CGCG 407-057 = PGC 72381
23 46 58.3 +06
51 42
V = 12.8; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.6
13.1"
(11/29/86): faint, small, irregularly round, brighter core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7751 = H III-437 = h2269 on 27 Sep 1785 (sweep 442) and logged
"eF, vS, er, resembles a patch of stars. 240x confirmed it." His RA is 30 tsec east of UGC 12778 and JH's RA is 1.0 tmin
too large. The NGC position (from
d'Arrest) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7752 = Arp
86 NED1 = VV 5b = UGC 12779 = MCG +05-56-004 = CGCG 498-009 = Mrk 1134 = Holm
816b = IV Zw 165 = PGC 72382
23 46 58.5 +29
27 32
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 113d
18" (7/14/07):
fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ENE, 0.5'x0.3', even surface
brightness. Fainter of a double
system (attached at end of spiral arm) with NGC 7753 just 2' NE. A mag 14 star lies between the two
galaxies
13.1"
(9/22/84): faint, very small, elongated ~E-W. Forms a close pair with brighter NGC 7753 2' NE. A mag 14 star is 1.2' NE of center and
situated between the galaxies.
R.J. Mitchell
discovered NGC 7752 on 22 Nov 1854 while observing NGC 7753 at Birr Castle He noted "south preceding [NGC
7753] is a vS oblong nebula, resolvable?" It was observed again in 1857, but no offset or sketch was
made. Heinrich d'Arrest
independently found this galaxy on 24 Sep 1865, though confused the orientation
and placed NGC 7752 1.5' north of NGC 7752, instead of 1.6' south. As a result the relative positions in
the NGC are incorrect.
******************************
NGC 7753 = Arp
86 NED2 = VV 5a = UGC 12780 = MCG +05-56-005 = CGCG 498-010 = Holm 816a = PGC
72387
23 47 04.8 +29
29 00
V = 12.0; Size 3.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 50d
18"
(7/14/07): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, ~1.5'x1.3',
broad concentration with a relatively large, brighter core that is also
elongated. A mag 14 star is near
the SW edge, less than 1' from center and a mag 15 star is on the NW side. Brighter of a close pair (Arp 86) with
NGC 7752 2' SW.
13.1"
(9/22/84): fairly faint, moderately large, weak concentration. A mag 14 star is 0.9' SW of
center. Forms a close pair with
NGC 7752 2.0' SSW. This is a
M51-type system (Arp 86) with NGC 7752 attached at the end of a spiral arm.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7753 = H II-213 = h2268 on 12 Sep 1784 (sweep 267) and logged
"F; pL; lbM; a longish round." JH reported "pF; L; vgbM;
70"; r." Both Herschels
missed the fainter companion.
******************************
NGC 7754 = MCG
-03-60-021 = PGC 72511
23 49 11.2 -16
36 02
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 128d
17.5"
(9/26/92): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated. Two stars mag 13.5 and 15.0 are 1.5'
S. Forms a pair with NGC 7759 5.5'
NW. NGC 7763 lies 18' E.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7754 = LM I-266, along with NGC 7759, on 28 Nov
1885. He simply recorded "mag
16.0 [NGC 7759 is listed at mag 14.0], vS". There is nothing at
Leavenworth's rough position (nearest min of RA), but 1.5 min of RA due east is
MCG -03-60-021, placing NGC 7754 east of NGC 7759. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00. Probably due to Leavenworth's
inaccurate RA, the identifications of NGC 7754 and NGC 7759 are reversed in the
first edition of the Uranometria 2000 Atlas.
******************************
NGC 7755 = ESO
471-020 = MCG -05-56-014 = AM 2345-304 = UGCA 443 = PGC 72444
23 47 51.8 -30
31 19
V = 11.9; Size 3.8'x2.9'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 20d
17.5"
(12/16/95): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE,
2.0'x1.3'. Fairly low surface
brightness halo surrounding a bright 30" rounder core and an occasional
stellar nucleus. A mag 13 star is
2.2' E of center.
8"
(8/16/82): very faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 E-W, diffuse.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7755 = h4005 on 27 Sep 1834 and recorded "B; L; R; psmbM;
90" diameter." His mean
position from two consecutive sweeps is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7756
23 48 28.6 +04
07 31
=* or ** 5' SW
of NGC 7757. Identification
uncertain although incorrect identification in the RNGC.
Lawrence
Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse, discovered NGC 7756 on 11 Dec 1873 while observing
NGC 7757. Parsons simply mentions
"another neb 5' south preceding." A single mag 11 star is at this offset from NGC 7757 though
perhaps he was misled by a pair of faint stars (probably too faint) 4.2'
southwest of NGC 7757. Harold
Corwin mentions another possibility is a brighter, 22" pair of mag 14.5/15
stars 5.5' southwest. In any case, NGC 7756 is probably
either a single or double star.
RNGC misidentifies an extremely faint anonymous galaxy located 1' west
of NGC 7757 (Arp's "small high surface brightness companion on arm")
as NGC 7756 and CGCG equates NGC 7757 with NGC 7756. Discussed in RNGC Corrections #2.
******************************
NGC 7757 = Arp
68 = UGC 12788 = VV 407 = MCG +01-60-037 = CGCG 407-059 = Holm 817a = LGG
482-004/5 = PGC 72491
23 48 45.5 +04
10 16
V = 12.7; Size 2.5'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 115d
13.1"
(11/29/86): faint, small, round, diffuse, even surface brightness. Collinear with two mag 12 and 13 stars
1.3' N and 2.5' N, respectively.
Located 13' E of mag 7.7 SAO 128385.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7757 = h2270 on 24 Sep 1830 and recorded "vF; pL; R; vglbM;
40"; a * 13m, 1' N." His
mean position (2 sweeps) is accurate.
On 11 Dec 1873, it was described at Birr Castle as "vF, cL, lE,
shaped like an "S" backward." So, clearly he noticed the brighter spiral arms. Arp (68) and CGCG misidentifies this
galaxy as NGC 7756. See that
number.
******************************
NGC 7758 = ESO
606-010 = PGC 72497
23 48 55.2 -22
01 27
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 118d
17.5"
(12/16/95): extremely faint and small, requires averted. Position verified using GSC chart. Appears barely nonstellar, ~10"
diameter though possibly only the core observed. Forms a near equilateral triangle with two mag 14 stars 3.1'
NNE and 3.6' ENE.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7758 = LM II-475 in 1886 and reported "mag 15.5; 0.3' dia;
irr R; sbM; double star mag 10, north following 50 seconds." His position is fairly accurate and the
double star is HJ 3218.
******************************
NGC 7759 = MCG
-03-60-018 = PGC 72496
23 48 54.7 -16
32 28
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 141d
24"
(8/31/16): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, roundish,
sharply concentrated with a bright core that gradually increases to the
center. The 45" outer halo
has a low surface brightness. A
mag 14.8 star is 1.6' SSE. NGC
7759A = MCG -03-60-019 is attached at the east edge of the halo. The companion appeared extremely faint,
fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, ~20"x7".
17.5"
(9/26/92): fairly faint, very small, round, bright core, almost stellar
nucleus. Located 2.8' S of a mag
9.5 star. Forms a pair with NGC
7754 6' SE.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7759 = LM I-267, along with NGC 7754, on 28 Nov 1885
and noted "mag 14.0; vS; R."
His rough position turns out to be just 1' south of MCG -03-60-018. Curiously, his RA is 1 minute larger
than NGC 7754, though NGC 7759 is actually west. His relatively bright mag estimate (14.0) secures this
identification. Lewis Swift found
the galaxy again in 1886 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer
(Swift never published the discovery).
Howe measured a very accurate micrometric position in 1899-00. The identifications of NGC 7754 and 7759
are reversed on the Uranometria 2000 Atlas, placing them in RA order.
******************************
NGC 7760 = UGC
12794 = MCG +05-56-008 = CGCG 498-014 = PGC 72512
23 49 11.9 +30
58 59
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3
17.5"
(8/29/92): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, small brighter
core. Unusual appearance as a mag
12.5 star is attached at the southwest end and the galaxy appears as a small
attached knot.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7760 = H III-854 = h2271 on 9 Oct 1790 (sweep 971) and recorded
"two very small close stars, with seeming nebulosity between them. 360 confirmed it nearly." On sweep 975, he was more certain,
"the 2 close stars affected with nebulosity of the 971 sweep. 360 confirmed it."
JH made a total
of 5 observations and generally recorded this object as a faint double or
triple star possibly with nebulosity, though one was clearly the nucleus.
******************************
NGC 7761 = MCG
-02-60-020 = IC 5361 = PGC 72641
23 51 28.9 -13 22
54
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5"
(8/29/92): fairly faint, small, round, 1' diameter, very even concentration,
small bright core, very symmetrical appearance. Two brighter stars mag 10 are 3.5' W and 7' WSW. Located in a field that is strangely
devoid of any faint stars.
Ormond Stone
discovered NGC 7761 = LM I-268 in 1886 at Leander McCormick Observatory and
noted "mag 13.0; vS; R; gbM; *10 precedes 8.0'." There is nothing near his rough
(nearest min of RA) position, though 2 minutes of time east is MCG -02-60-020 =
PGC 72641. A mag 11 star is 7'
west, matching the description, though another mag 11 star is only 3.5'
west. Guillaume Bigourdan independently
found this galaxy again (Big. 356) on 30 Nov 1891 and measured an accurate position. Herbert Howe found it a third time on 1
Oct 1897, measured a very accurate micrometric position, and reported as new in
his first discovery list. Dreyer combined Bigourdan and Howe's observations
into IC 5361. So, NGC 7761 = IC
5361. See Corwin's notes for
discussion.
******************************
NGC 7762 = Cr
457 = Mel 244 = Lund 1047
23 50 01 +68 02
18
Size 11'
17.5"
(10/13/90): about 100 stars in a 20' field including many mag 12-13 stars. Very large, fairly coarse but there is
a rich region near the center consisting of six tight stars almost on a line
oriented NNW-SSE with much haze nearby including a partially resolved clump
close north. A mag 8 star is at
the east edge. Located 15' NE of
mag 5.0 SAO 20853.
8"
(10/31/81): scattered cluster but one rich subgroup, fairly large, elongated
N-S.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7762 = H VII-55 = h2272 on 23 Nov 1788 (sweep 883) and described
"a cluster of scattered vS stars, irr figure, pretty rich. Contains a vacancy n the middle." A second observation was made the next
night. In his 1814 PT paper he
speculated "this appearance may be accounted for by supposing, for
instance, three, four or a greater number of preponderating attracting centres
near each other, situated so as to enclose a certain space, the stars in which,
then, cannot be accumulated, while the clustering power arising from the
combined attractions with be exerted on the surrounding stars." JH made the single observation "a
vL, v coarse, rather poor cluster of *s 11...15m. The most compressed part taken."
******************************
NGC 7763 = PGC
72565
23 50 15.8 -16
35 24
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 158d
17.5"
(9/26/92): faint, small, round. A
very faint mag 15 star is almost attached on the east side. Located 18' ENE of NGC 7754.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7763 = LM I-269 on 28 Nov 1885 and logged "mag
15.0; vS; R; faint star following."
His rough position is just 24 seconds of RA east of PGC 72565. Herbert Howe noted the "F *
f" is mag 13.5, and follows about 2 seconds, a trifle north." His position (repeated in the IC 2
Notes) is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7764 = ESO
293-004 = MCG -07-48-027 = AM 2348-405 = AM 2348-410 = VV 715 = PGC 72597
23 50 53.6 -40
43 46
V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 148d
13.1"
(9/3/86): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, brighter
core. Located 11' NW of mag 6.7
SAO 231814.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7764 = h4006 on 4 Oct 1836 and noted "B; R; gbM;
90"."
******************************
NGC 7765 = MCG
+04-56-015 = CGCG 477-015 = Holm 818c = PGC 72596
23 50 52.2 +27
09 59
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6
24"
(8/5/13): faint, small, round, 24" diameter, pretty even surface
brightness. Located 1.8' NW of NGC
7768 in the core of AGC 2666.
18"
(8/26/06): very faint, small, round, 35" diameter, low even surface
brightness. Located 1.7' NW of NGC
7768 and furthest north in a string of 4 galaxies including NGC 7766, NGC 7767
and NGC 7768.
17.5"
(7/20/90): extremely faint, very small, elongated, very low surface
brightness. Located 1.7' NW of NGC
7768 and 4' W of a mag 10.5 star in the core of AGC 2666.
R.J. Mitchell,
LdR's assistant, discovered NGC 7765 on 12 Oct 1855 and noted "a little np
[NGC 7768] is another neb, vvF."
It is labeled as Gamma in a sketch made on 9 Oct 1872.
******************************
NGC 7766 = MCG
+04-56-017 = CGCG 477-018 = Holm 818d = PGC 72611
23 50 55.9 +27
07 35
V = 15.4; Size 0.6'x0.1'; PA = 36d
24"
(8/5/13): very faint to faint, thin edge-on 3:1 SW-NE, 20"x6". Situated just 1.4' SSW of NGC
7762. A mag 13 star lies 1.2' NE
and a mag 14.5 star is just 0.8' WSW.
18"
(8/26/06): very faint, very small, appears elongated SW-NE at moments, though
only 0.3'x0.2'. Located only 1.4'
SSW of NGC 7768 in the core of AGC 2666.
17.5"
(7/20/90): extremely faint, very small, round, low even surface brightness,
requires averted vision. A mag
14.5 star is 45" WSW of center.
Located 1.4' SSW of NGC 7768 and 2.3' N of NGC 7767 in the core of AGC
2666. Extremely faint NGC 7765
lies 2.5' NNW.
Ralph Copeland,
LdR's assistant, discovered NGC 7766 along with 7767, on 9 Oct 1872 and labeled
it Delta in the sketch. He
measured a separation of 85" SSW of NGC 7768, and at this exact offset is
CGCG 477-018 = PGC 72611.
******************************
NGC 7767 = UGC
12805 = MCG +04-56-016 = CGCG 477-017 = Holm 818b = PGC 72601
23 50 56.3 +27
05 13
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 142d
24"
(8/5/13): faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 NW-SE, 30"x8". A mag 12.6 star is just 21" SW of
center. Located on the south side
of the core of AGC 2666 with NGC 7766 2.4' N and NGC 7768 (brightest member)
3.7' N.
18"
(8/26/06): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.2', very small
brighter core. A mag 12.5 star is
just SW of the core. Second
brightest member of AGC 2666 and furthest south in a N-S chain of four NGC
galaxies.
17.5"
(7/20/90): very faint, very small, even surface brightness. A mag 12 star is just off the west edge
20" from the center. This is
the second brightest galaxy in AGC 2666 with NGC 7768 3.6' N and NGC 7766 2.5'
N.
Ralph Copeland,
LdR's assistant, discovered NGC 7767 along with 7766, on 9 Oct 1872 and labeled
it Beta in the sketch. He measured the micrometric offset to the mag 12.6 star
off the west side. Harold Corwin
notes that Bigourdan's IC 1511 is not identical to NGC 7767, as stated by Karl
Reinmuth, CGCG and PGC. Instead it
refers to a single star 1.8' SSE of NGC 7767.
******************************
NGC 7768 = UGC
12806 = MCG +04-56-018 = CGCG 477-019 = Holm 818a = PGC 72605
23 50 58.6 +27
08 51
V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 60d
24"
(8/5/13): the dominant galaxy in AGC 2666 appeared moderately bright, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 0.9'x0.6', contains a bright core with a very
small brighter nucleus. A mag 13.5
star is superimposed west of the core, just 13" from the center. A mag 11 star (GR Peg) lies 2.6'
ENE. NGC 7768 is surrounded by a
number of faint galaxies including a N-S string of 4 galaxies to the north
(with an additional 3 nearby).
Another group of 3 or 4 galaxies (including NGC 7765, 7766, and 7767)
are also arranged in a N-S string close west, so most of the cluster is in a
12' chain oriented north-south.
CGCG 477-020 is
very faint, very thin edge-on 4:1 NW-SE, 24"x6". Located 4.3' N of NGC 7768 and
southernmost in a string of four galaxies extending 4' N with PGC 72606 next at
1.3' N. PGC 62606 is extremely
faint to very faint, very small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 15"x8". PGC 72608, just 1.1' further NNE, is very
faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Finally, PGC 72609, an additional 1.9' N, is very faint,
very small, round, 12" diameter.
CGCG 477-016, 3' due W of PGC 72609, is faint to fairly faint, fairly
small, round, 24" diameter.
Slightly larger and brighter than most members of the cluster. This is a rare collisional ring galaxy
but was too faint to see any structure.
18"
(8/26/06): by far the brightest member of AGC 2666. At 220x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, slightly
elongated, ~1.0'x0.8', very small bright core. A mag 13.5 star is attached at the west edge. Located 2.5' WSW of mag 10.5 GR
Pegasi. Several fainter NGC
galaxies are strung out along a N-S line including NGC 7768.
CGCG 477-020,
4.3' N of NGC 7768, is extremely faint, small, elongated 2:1 in the direction
of a mag 12 star 1.3' SE, 0.5'x0.25'.
PGC 72608, 6.6' N of NGC 7768, is extremely faint and small, round,
15" diameter. PGC 72609, 8.5'
due N of NGC 7768, is very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. CGCG 477-016, just 3' to the west, is
very faint, small, round, 25" diameter. Collinear with three mag 11-13 stars extending 9' to the SE.
17.5"
(11/6/99): the brightest member of AGC 2666 is faint, small, round. A mag 14 star is attached at the west
end of the halo. Appears slightly
elongated WSW-ENE, 35"x25".
Located 2.6' SW of mag 10.5-11.0 GR Peg. A mag 13 star lies 1.1' SE of center. The unusual collisional ring galaxy MCG
+04-56-014 lies 9' N and a number of very faint NGC galaxies are nearby.
17.5"
(7/20/90): fairly faint, small, round, fairly high surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is at the west end 12"
from the center. This is the
brightest galaxy in AGC 2666 with NGC 7767 3.6' S, NGC 7765 1.7' NW, NGC 7766
1.4' SSW. Also MCG +04-56-019 lies
4.3' N (not seen). Located 2.6'
WSW of a mag 10.5 star (GR Peg = 10.4-11.0).
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7768 = h2273 on 5 Sep 1828 and recorded "vF; S; irreg fig;
appears by glimpses to contain a vF double *, but it *is* a nebula." His single position is accurate,
although he missed the fainter nearby members of the cluster that were
discovered at Birr Castle.
******************************
NGC 7769 = UGC
12808 = MCG +03-60-030 = CGCG 455-054 = KTG 82A = Holm 820c = LGG 483-001 = PGC
72615
23 51 04.0 +20
09 01
V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 12.9
24"
(10/5/13): at 260x; bright, fairly large, round, 1.6' diameter, sharply
concentrated with a very bright core and stellar nucleus. The low surface brightness outer halo
(spiral arms) is slightly elongated and gradually fades out. Brightest in a trio (KTG 82) with NGC
7770 and 7771 (1' pair) both 4.5' SE.
17.5"
(8/31/86): bright, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter, brighter core, sharp
stellar nucleus. A mag 13 star is
2.1' SSW. This galaxy is the
brightest in a compact quartet with the NGC 7770/NGC 7771 pair 5' ESE and CGCG
455-055 6' NNE.
13" (9/9/83):
fairly bright, moderately large, round, bright core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7769 = H II-230 = h2274, along with NGC 7771, on 18 Sep 1784
(sweep 277) and logged "F, pL, R, bM, r." On 13 Nov 1786 (sweep 635) he noted "cB, pL, iF,
mbM." JH reported "pB;
S; R; bM; the np of two [with NGC 7771]."
******************************
NGC 7770 = UGC
12813 = MCG +03-60-034 = CGCG 455-057 = KTG 82B = Holm 820b = PGC 72635
23 51 22.5 +20
05 47
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1
24"
(10/5/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3',
contains a small bright core.
Forms a close pair with much larger NGC 7771, 1.1' NNE.
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly faint, slightly elongated, brighter core. Forms a double system with much
brighter NGC 7771 just 1.1' NNE in the NGC 7769 group.
13"
(9/9/83): very faint, very small, round.
Forms a close pair with NGC 7771 1' SSE.
William Herschel
probably discovered NGC 7770 on 18 Sep 1784 (sweep 277) and noted "towards
the sp part [of NGC 7771] seems to be a vS stellar nebula within the nebulosity
of the large one, but it may be only a small star." Due to his uncertainty he didn't assign
it an internal discovery number or H-designation. JH independently found this
galaxy again on 25 Aug 1827 while observing NGC 7771. His description on sweep 91 reads, "pB; E; bM; has a vS
almost stellar nebula about 45¡ sp, dist 40"." On the following
sweep, he made a sketch and noted "... has a smaller neb, 60¡ sp, 35"
dist." Wolfgang Steinicke mentions that JH noted object class
"N2" (two nebulae), so it's surprising he didn't assign it a separate
h-designation for NGC 7770.
Bindon Stoney
rediscovered NGC 7770 on 5 Nov 1850 at Birr Castle while observing NGC 7769 and
7771. A sketch of the trio was
included in the 1861 publication (NGC 7770 is labeled Gamma) and a more
accurate sketch from 1855 is in plate V of the 1880 publication. LdR is credited with the discovery in
the GC and NGC.
******************************
NGC 7771 = UGC
12815 = MCG +03-60-035 = CGCG 455-058 = KTG 82C = Holm 820a = LGG 483-002 = PGC
72638
23 51 24.8 +20
06 42
V = 12.3; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 68d
24"
(10/5/13): bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 2.0'x0.7',
moderate concentration with a large, elongated core that gradually increases to
the center. Largest in the KTG 82
triplet with NGC 7770 1.1' SSW and NGC 7769 5.4' NW.
17.5"
(8/31/86): fairly bright, pretty lens-shape 2:1 WSW-ENE, 1.4'x 0.7', bright
core, possible faint stellar nucleus.
A mag 12.5 star lies 2.1 ENE of center. Forms a close pair with NGC 7770
1.1' SW of center. NGC 7769 lies
5' WNW.
13"
(9/9/83): fairly bright, very elongated WSW-ENE. In a trio with faint NGC 7770 just 1' SW and similarly
bright NGC 7769 5' NW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7771 = H II-231 = h2275, along with NGC 7769, on 18 Sep 1784
(sweep 277) and recorded "F, pL, E in the direction of the parallel [E-W],
towards the sp part seems to be a vS stellar nebula within the nebulosity of
the large one, but it may be only a small star." The "vS" nebula is probably NGC 7770. He observed NGC 7771 again on 13 Nov
1786 (sweep 635) and noted "cB, pL , lE, mbM." but missed NGC 7770. JH made two observations (sweep 91 and 92). On 25 Aug 1827, JH logged "pB; E;
bM; has a vS almost stellar nebula about 45¡ sp, dist 40"." This clearly refers to NGC 7770.
******************************
NGC 7772 = Lund
1049 = OCL-230
23 51 46 +16 14
54
Size 5'
13.1"
(9/29/84): small group of 7 stars from mag 11.5-14.5. The two brightest stars are at the southwest and north
end. The other five stars are
arranged in a distinctive "V" asterism with a vertex and open to the
east. The status as a cluster is
questionable and this group may be an open cluster "remnant".
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7772 = h2276 on 7 Oct 1825 and noted "a cluster of
scattered stars 10m." His
position matches this small, well detached group of 7 stars. The status as a true cluster is
questionable. Harold Corwin notes
this is one of JH's earliest discoveries, found on only his 11th sweep (out of
810).
******************************
NGC 7773 = UGC
12820 = MCG +05-56-015 = CGCG 498-022 = PGC 72681
23 52 09.9 +31
16 36
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5"
(8/29/92): fairly faint, small, round, fairly even surface brightness except
for stellar nucleus which appears offset to SW side. A mag 13 star is attached at the NNE edge and a mag 12 star
is 2' NNW. The stellar nucleus may
be a superimposed mag 15 star.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7773 = H II-851 = h2277 on 9 Oct 1790 (sweep 971) and logged
"vF, S, R, lbM, south preceding a very small star." JH called this galaxy "eF" on
two nights and "the faintest conceivable" on a third.
******************************
NGC 7774 = UGC
12819 = MCG +02-60-022 = CGCG 432-037 = Holm 821a/b = PGC 72679 + PGC 93142
23 52 10.7 +11
28 13
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.6
24"
(1/1/16): at 375x; this very close, merged system (15" between nuclei) was
easily seen as double at 375x. The
brighter and larger component is on the west side. It appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, ~24"
diameter, contains a very small bright nucleus. PGC 93142 is attached on its east side (the glows seems
virtually tangent) and appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated,
12"x9". An uncatalogued
mag 11.3/12.3 pair at 8" separation is 5.7' NW. IC 1513 is 21' SE.
17.5"
(11/30/91): this is a small double system elongated E-W and just resolved at
220x into a double nuclei but not cleanly separated. The brighter component is at the west side and appears
faint, very small, round. The
fainter companion (LEDA 93142) is attached at the east end within a common halo
and appears very faint, very small, slightly elongated. The separation is just 15" between
centers!
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7774 = Sw IV-100 on 9 Aug 1886 and recorded "eF; S; R; in
center of equilatoral triangle of 3 stars; double star near np." His RA is 10 seconds too large (a similar
offset as NGC 153, 163 and 217, all observed the same night) and his
description matches UGC 12819.
******************************
NGC 7775 = UGC
12821 = MCG +05-56-016 = CGCG 498-024 = PGC 72696
23 52 24.4 +28
46 22
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 20d
17.5"
(8/29/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, very weak
concentration. Located 4.2' N of
mag 9 SAO 91549. Forms a pair with
an anonymous galaxy 6' E. NGC 7777
lies 30' SSE.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7775 = St XIII-98 on 6 Oct 1883. His micrometric position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7776 = IC
1514 = MCG -02-60-022 = PGC 72812
23 54 16.6 -13
35 11
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 153d
17.5"
(10/21/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4'. Weak concentration with a slightly
brighter core. Located 2.3' NE of
a mag 10.6 star. A mag 12.5 star
is 1.3' SW between the galaxy and the brighter star. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in RNGC and identified as
IC 1514 in MCG.
Ormond Stone
discovered NGC 7776 = LM I-270 on 31 Oct 1885 with the 26" refractor at
Leander McCormick Observatory and noted "mag 15.0; vS; lE 315; gbM; near
#268 [NGC 7761]." There is
nothing at his rough position (nearest min of RA), but Harold Corwin examined
his field sketch and found it matches MCG -02-60-022 = PGC 72812. This galaxy is 1.6 min of RA east of
Stone's position and 12' south.
Johann Palisa independently discovered this galaxy on 19 Sep 1893 with
the 27" refractor at Vienna and it was recatalogued as IC 1514. So, NGC 7776 = IC 1514. MCG uses the IC designation.
******************************
NGC 7777 = UGC
12829 = MCG +05-56-018 = CGCG 498-026 = PGC 72744
23 53 12.5 +28
17 00
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 48d
24"
(10/13/12): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE,
~48"x35", sharply concentrated with a very bright 20" core
surrounded by a low surface brightness halo. Picked up while viewing Comet 168P/Hergenrother, which was
in the same 30' field.
17.5"
(8/29/92): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, small bright core,
stellar nucleus. NGC 7775 is 30'
NNW.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7777 = St VIII(a)-30 on 25 Oct 1876. His micrometric position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7778 = UGC
12827 = MCG +01-60-043 = CGCG 407-069 = PGC 72756
23 53 19.7 +07
52 15
V = 12.7; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7
18"
(9/15/07): moderately bright but fairly small, round, 30" diameter,
sharply concentrated with a very small bright core and stellar nucleus. This is the 3rd brightest of 5 NGC
galaxies in the NGC 7782 group and forms a 1.8' pair with slightly brighter NGC
7779 just 1.8' E.
17.5"
(11/1/86): third brightest of five in the NGC 7782 group. Moderately bright, small, slightly
elongated, small bright core. Not
as large or bright as NGC 7779 1.8' E.
A mag 12.5 star is 1.7' NW.
13"
(9/29/84): moderately bright, small bright core. Observed at 220x.
13"
(9/9/83): faint, small, round, small bright core. Appears just slightly fainter than similar NGC 7779 1.8' E
in the NGC 7782 group.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7778 = H III-231 = h2278, along with NGC 7779, on 12 Nov 1784
(sweep 313) and recorded "Two, vF, stellar." His single position is between the
pair. On 15 Aug 1830 (sweep 280),
JH logged "pB; R; psbM; 20"."
******************************
NGC 7779 = UGC
12831 = MCG +01-60-045 = CGCG 407-070 = PGC 72770
23 53 26.8 +07
52 32
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 10d
18"
(9/15/07): moderately bright, moderately large, irregularly round,
0.9'x0.8'. Well concentrated with
a bright, 30" core. With
direct vision the core contains a very small, bright nucleus. Forms a 1.8' pair with NGC 7778 to the
west. Second brightest in the NGC
7782 group.
17.5"
(11/1/86): second brightest of five in the NGC 7782 group. Moderately bright, small, slightly
elongated, bright core, diffuse halo.
Forms a close pair with slightly fainter NGC 7778 1.8' W.
13"
(9/29/84): moderately bright, slightly elongated, even surface brightness,
similar size to NGC 7778. Viewed
at 220x.
13"
(9/9/83): faint, small, round, brighter core.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7779 = H III-232 = h2279, along with NGC 7778 on 12 Nov 1784
(sweep 313) and recorded "Two, vF, stellar." On 15 Aug 1830 (sweep 280), JH logged
"pB; R; psbM; 20"."
******************************
NGC 7780 = UGC
12833 = MCG +01-60-046 = CGCG 407-071 = PGC 72775
23 53 32.2 +08
07 05
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 3d
18"
(9/15/07): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.4'x0.2', slightly brighter
along the major axis, weak concentration with a small, slightly brighter
core. Located 10' NW of NGC 7782,
the brightest of 5 NGC galaxies in a group.
17.5"
(11/1/86): faintest of five in the NGC 7782 group. Faint, small, very diffuse, elongated N-S, very weakly
concentrated core. Two faint stars
are off the NE edge with the closest 1.7' NE of center.
13"
(9/29/84): very faint, small, very diffuse, elongated ~N-S. Two mag 14.5 stars are off the NE
edge. Located 9' NNW of NGC 7782
in a group.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7780 = St XII-96 on 18 Oct 1881. Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy in 1886 and
communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. The independent discovery wasn't published, although Dreyer
referenced Swift's list IV.
******************************
NGC 7781 = MCG
+01-60-047 = CGCG 407-072 = PGC 72785
23 53 46.0 +07
51 38
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.9; PA = 13d
18"
(9/15/07): one of the two faintest members of 5 in the NGC 7782 group. At 260x appears faint, very small,
slightly elongated, 15"x10".
A mag 14.5 star is at the west edge. Located 5' E of NGC 7779 and 7' SSW of NGC 7782.
17.5"
(11/1/86): fourth brightest of five in the NGC 7782 group. Fairly faint, very small, bright core,
elongated WNW-ESE. A mag 14.5 star
is at the west edge of the core just 12" from the center. Located 4.8' ESE of NGC 7779 and 6.9'
SSW of NGC 7782.
13"
(9/29/84): faint at 220x but visible with direct vision. Faint star just at the west edge. At 220x, appears very small, slightly
elongated ~N-S.
13"
(9/9/83): very faint, very small.
A faint star is involved.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7781 = h2280 on 16 Aug 1830 and logged "F; S; R; the
faintest of 3 [with NGC 7779 and 7778]." WH discovered nearby NGC 7778, 7779 and 7782, but missed
this fainter galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7782 = UGC
12834 = MCG +01-60-048 = CGCG 407-073 = PGC 72788
23 53 53.9 +07
58 14
V = 12.2; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175d
18"
(9/15/07): largest and brightest in a group of 5 NGC galaxies viewed at
260x. Moderately bright,
moderately large, oval 5:3 N-S, 1.0'x0.6'. Broadly concentrated with a relatively large, brighter core
that is slightly offset to the north side as the halo is more extended towards
the south.
17.5"
(11/1/86): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 N-S, halo broadly
concentrated to core, substellar nucleus.
Brightest in a group of five galaxies with NGC 7781 7' SSW and the NGC
7778/NGC 7779 pair about 10' SW.
13"
(9/29/84): Largest and brightest in a group of five with NGC 7778, NGC 7779,
NGC 7780, NGC 7781. Appears
moderately bright, moderately large, fairly even surface brightness.
13"
(9/9/83): fairly faint, diffuse but easy, elongated N-S.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7782 = H III-233 = h2281, along with NGC 7778 and 7779, on 12
Nov 1784 (sweep 313) and recorded "vF, E; but very hazy
weather." On 26 Sep 1785
(sweep 442) he noted "cF; pL glbM." On 15 Aug 1830 (sweep 280), JH logged "pB; pL; gbM;
40"."
******************************
NGC 7783 = HCG
98A = Arp 323 NED1 = VV 208A = (R)NGC 7783A = UGC 12837 = MCG +00-60-058 = PGC
72803
23 54 10.1 +00
22 58
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 100d
48"
(10/25/14): at 610x; HCG 98A, the largest and brightest in the quartet,
appeared bright, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, moderately large, ~1.0'x0.4', small
bright core. A star (mag 15-16) is
at the ESE tip. Forms a near
contact pair with HCG 98B, just southeast of the star.
HCG 98B appeared
moderately bright, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 21"x14", small
brighter nucleus. Located 1.8' S
of mag 9.4 HD 223975. The halo of
98A and 98B are fully merged on the SDSS image. HCG 98C, 1.3' SSE of HCG 98B, appeared fairly faint, small,
slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 15"x12". A mag 15.5 star is 0.4' N. SDSS J235412.56+002113.3, an extremely faint galaxy (V =
18.0) is just 21" SW. HCG 98D is very faint, round,10" diameter. low
even surface brightness. The
faintest member in the HCG 98 quartet is located 40" N of NGC 7783 and
1.1' S of a mag 9.4 star that hampers viewing.
18"
(9/3/05): the brightest member of HCG 98 appeared moderately bright, fairly
small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 1.0'x0.4'. Forms a near contact double system with HCG 98B nearly
attached to the SE end. View
hampered by mag 9.4 HD 223975 just 1.8' N. HCG 98B is very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE,
0.3'x0.2'. HCG 98C was barely
visible; just an extremely faint and small, round, 5" knot. Situated close south of a mag 15.5
star.
17.5"
(9/7/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 1.1'x0.4'. Seems brighter on the west end. Brightest member of three viewed in HCG
98 and merges with NGC 7783B = HCG 98b on the SE end [35" between
centers]. Located just 1.8' S of a
mag 9 star. HCG 98B is very faint,
very small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 20"x10". There is a slightly darker gap where the galaxies are
attached. HCG 98C, just 1.8' SE is
extremely faint and small, round.
At first, I thought it was the mag 15.5-15 star about 25" N. After careful viewing I could see there
were two distinct objects here although the star and galaxy were very difficult
to view simultaneously.
17.5"
(11/6/88): fairly faint, small, elongated WNW-ESE, weak concentration. Forms a contact pair with NGC 7783B =
HCG 98B at the SE end. HCG 98B is
faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE. The pair is situated 1.8' S of mag 9 SAO 128452.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7783 = m 591 = Sf 99 on 9 Sep 1864 and noted "F, S,
lE." His position matches MCG
+00-60-058 = HCG 98A, although he apparently missed HCG 98B, attached at the
southeast end or thought it was a single object. Truman Safford independently discovered this galaxy on 23 Oct
1867 using the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory, and also
measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7784 = MCG
+04-01-001 = CGCG 477-029 = PGC 72862
23 55 13.6 +21
45 44
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5"
(7/20/90): very faint, very small, round, broad concentration. Forms a pair with NGC 7786 10' S. Located 6' NE of mag 8.6 SAO 91575.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7784 = St XIII-99, along with NGC 7786, on 1 Oct 1883. His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7785 = UGC
12841 = MCG +01-60-049 = CGCG 407-075 = PGC 72867
23 55 19.0 +05
54 57
V = 11.6; Size 2.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 143d
17.5"
(8/29/92): fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, striking bright
core. A mag 14 star is 1.0' N of
center. Three bright stars are
near and the galaxy forms a near equilateral triangle with two mag 9 stars 3.0'
SE and 3.3' SSE. Located 4.4' ESE
of mag 8.2 SAO 128465.
8" (7/24/82):
faint, small, elongated NW-SE. A
mag 8 star is 4' W and two other mag 9 are close south and east.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7785 = H II-468 = h2282 on 25 Oct 1785 (sweep 464) and recorded
"vF, pS, irr figure."
His position is accurate.
JH made 4 observations, calling this galaxy either "B" or
pB".
******************************
NGC 7786 = UGC
12842 = MCG +03-60-038 = CGCG 455-065 = CGCG 456-001 = LGG 483-003 = PGC 72870
23 55 21.5 +21
35 17
V = 13.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 2d
17.5"
(7/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, bright core. Pair with NGC 7784 10' N.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7786 = St XIII-100, along with NGC 7784, on 1 Oct 1883. His micrometric position is very
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7787 = UGC
12847 = MCG +00-01-001 = CGCG 382-001 = PGC 72912
23 55 52.0 +00
33 28
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.65'
24"
(8/31/16): at 324x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, stellar nucleus,
~15" diameter. Located 4' W
of UGC 12849, the galaxy generally taken as NGC 7787. The two galaxies are
comparable in visibility.
UGC 12849
appeared faint to fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE,
30"x12", slightly brighter core. A mag 12.6 star is just 36" NW of center and interferes
somewhat with the visibility.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7787 = m 592 on 23 Oct 1864 and noted "vF, S, R." His position is 17 seconds of RA west
of UGC 12849, the galaxy generally taken as NGC 7787 and in fact lands on UGC
12847. MCG labels this galaxy as
NGC 7787, but UGC 12849 is taken as NGC 7787 is PGC, NED, HyperLeda and SIMBAD.
Harold Corwin
agrees with my identification, and notes "Aside from the possibility of a
systematic offset in Marth's positions on the night he found the galaxy, there
is no reason to suppose that he didn't see UGC 12847. We will check the possibility of a systematic error in other
of Marth's positions measured on the same night. I am reasonably confident that the earlier cataloguers did
not make this check, so am reassigning the NGC number to what is undoubtedly
the galaxy that Marth actually saw."
******************************
NGC 7788 =
OCL-275 = Cr 459 = Lund 1052 = C 2354+611
23 56 46 +61 24
00
Size 9'
18"
(11/26/03): fairly small, 4' rich clump of roughly two dozen stars. Includes a mag 9.7 star (SAO 20947) on
the west side. Several other mag
10 stars are scattered nearby but the cluster still stands out fairly well in a
rich Milky Way star field. NGC
7790 is situated 16' SE.
13"
(9/29/84): about a dozen mag 12-14 stars over haze in a 1.5' diameter. Includes a single bright star mag 9.3
SAO 20947 on the west edge. This
is a small but distinctive group in a very rich field. Situated within a string of open
clusters with NGC 7790 and Harvard 21.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7788 = h2283 on 5 Oct 1829 and recorded a "vS and close
cluster. One * 10m with a great
many minute stars close to it."
******************************
NGC 7789 =
Caroline's White Rose = Cr 460 = Lund 1053 = OCL-269
23 57 24 +56 42
30
V = 6.7; Size 16'
17.5"
(10/12/85): a few hundred stars were resolved in a 20' field. Remarkably rich and fairly uniform
carpet of stars mag 11 and fainter.
8"
(11/8/80): extremely rich, uniform in faint stars. Certainly among the top open clusters with this aperture.
15x50mm
(9/6/10): bright but unresolved 15' glow.
15x50mm
(7/26/06): moderately bright glow, at least 10' diameter. Observed using IS binoculars.
Caroline
Herschel discovered NGC 7789 = H VI-30 = h2284 on 30 Oct 1783 (WH had just
started his sweeps two nights earlier) with a 4.2-inch reflector, noting
"between Sigma and Rho Cass, fine nebula, very strong." William resolved the cluster with his
6.2-inch reflector on 11 Mar 1784.
On 18 Oct 1787 (sweep 769) he called it "a beautiful cluster of
very compressed stars, very rich." That evening he swept with a binocular
set-up, using two eyepieces. JH called it "a most superb cluster, which
fills the field and is full of star; gbM; but no condensation to a nucleus; st
11...18m."
******************************
NGC 7790 = Cr
461 = OCL-276 = Lund 1054 = C 2355+609
23 58 24 +61 12
30
V = 8.5; Size 17'
18"
(11/26/03): ~30 stars resolved in a 4.5'x2.5' region, fairly rich. Three mag 11 stars are along the west
side of the cluster and a slightly brighter mag 10 star is ~4' SE of the main
group. This cluster is slightly
larger than NGC 7788 ~16' NW.
Fainter Be 58 lies 20' SE.
13"
(9/29/84): largest of three open clusters on a line. Roughly two dozen stars mag 10-15 are resolved in a 5'x2'
region elongated E-W. A mag 10
star is about 4' SE of the center and a couple of similar stars are on the west
side of the cluster. The slightly
fainter cluster NGC 7788 is located 15' NW. The three clusters span about 1¡ including Harvard 21.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7790 = H VII-56 = h2285 on 16 Dec 1788 (sweep 892) and recorded
"a pretty compressed cl of small stars of several sizes; considerably
rich; E nearly in the parallel. 5
or 6' long." JH reported
"a double star in the p part of a pretty rich cluster; diam 4'; stars
12...13m; the f part most compressed."
******************************
NGC 7791
23 57 57.3 +10
45 56
=**, Reinmuth
and Carlson.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7791 = h2286 on 10 Oct 1830 and noted "vF; vS. Query if not a star." At his position is a very faint double
star. d'Arrest was unable to find
it and Reinmuth described a "F double star 15 and 16 cont 130 deg; no
neb." Carlson repeated this conclusion
in her 1940 list of NGC/IC errata.
DSS shows a very close double star (~6.5") oriented NW-SE.
******************************
NGC 7792 = MCG
+03-01-066 = CGCG 456-007 = PGC 73066
23 58 03.6 +16
30 05
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.8'
17.5"
(8/29/92): faint, small, round, weak even concentration, faint stellar
nucleus. Forms a vertex of a small
parallelogram with three mag 14 stars with sides 1.5' length.
ƒdouard Stephan
discovered NGC 7792 = St V-15 on 20 Sep 1873 and recorded "eF, eS, with a
condensation in the centre."
His position is accurate. The CGCG declination is 30' too far north
(typo).
******************************
NGC 7793 = ESO
349-012 = MCG -06-01-009 = AM 2355-325 = LGG 004-003 = PGC 73049
23 57 49.8 -32
35 28
V = 9.1; Size 9.3'x6.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 98d
48"
(10/31/13): bright showpiece galaxy, very large, oval 3:2 E-W, ~7'x4.5', large
bright core. Spiral structure is
evident, though it was difficult to trace individual arms except for one better
defined arm attached on the west side of the core. This arm sweeps towards the east on the south side of the
core (~2' from center) and ends just east of center. The halo is lumpy with an irregular surface brightness and
several HII knots/associations are visible. The brightest individual knot is [H69] #20 from Paul Hodge's
1969 paper "HII Regions in 20 Nearby Galaxies". This fairly faint, 10" knot was
easily seen 1.5' S of center, near the south side of the halo. [H69] #27, a slightly smaller and
fainter patch is near the west-northwest end of the halo (1.9' from
center). On the west-southwest
side of the halo are two additional close, faint knots, both ~8" in
diameter; [H69] #32 situated 2.3' from center and [H69] #33 at 2.4' from
center. Finally, [H69] #3/5 is a
fairly faint, 15" patch near the northeast edge of the halo, 2.8' from
center. A mag 12.5 star is just
off the northern edge, 2.9' from center.
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; most of the detail seen in the 48" was
visible, but the HII regions were not as obvious. The galaxy extended roughly 8' x 5' WNW-ESE and contains a
relatively large core region that gradually brightens towards the center. Although the halo is mottled and
ragged, spiral structure is subtle.
A very low contrast "arm" extends due west on the northwest
side of the core and another "arm" appears to extend east on the
southeast side of the core. I
noted 4 HII regions: the most obvious is [H69] 20, a faint, 10" knot near the
south edge of the halo, ~1.5' from center. [H69] 3/5, a larger, very diffuse isolated patch perhaps
20" in size, was seen on the northeast edge of the halo, 2.9' from
center. Closer to the core I noted
two very low contrast knots, both ~8" in diameter. [H69] 11 is 1.3' NE of center and [H69]
10 is 1.2' E of center.
17.5"
(8/20/88): bright, very large, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, very large broadly brighter
halo, small bright core. A mag 12
star is off the north side 2.8' from center.
8"
(11/8/80): very large, oval, low surface brightness.
16x80mm
(8/20/88): easily visible in the
finder.
James Dunlop
discovered NGC 7793 = D 608 = HN 4 on 14 Jul 1826 and recorded a "faint
round nebula, about 2' diameter, with a very slight condensation towards the
centre; a double star is north preceding" (2 observations). His position is 14' too far east
(typical error). Apparently John
Herschel never looked for the galaxy
George Bond
independently found the galaxy again on 7 Nov 1850 at Harvard College
Observatory with a 4" comet-seeker and announced it as a new
discovery. Bond is credited with
the discoverer in the NGC. His RA
is 40 seconds too large though he mentioned his position required further
confirmation. JH didn't include NGC 7793 in the GC (possibly because of Bond's
comment) but Dreyer added it to the GC Supplement (6233) with credit to
Bond. An accurate position was
given in the IC 1 notes (from the Cordoba D.M.).
******************************
NGC 7794 = UGC
12872 = MCG +02-01-004 = CGCG 433-010 = PGC 73103
23 58 34.2 +10
43 41
V = 12.6; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 0d
17.5"
(10/5/91): fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, weak
concentration. A mag 14 star is
just off the SW edge 50" from center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7794 = H III-466 = h2288 on 23 Nov 1785 (sweep 477) and logged
"vF, S, R, lbM." JH made
the single observation "eF; irreg fig; pL; 40"." Heinrich d'Arrest measured two micrometric
positions and noted the mag 14 star that precedes by 1.9 seconds and a
separation of 40".
******************************
NGC 7795
23 57 33.5 +60
01 25
Size 10'
17.5"
(12/20/95): scattered group of two dozen stars in a 10' diameter mostly north
and east of mag 6.5 HD 224404.
Most stars are mag 11-13 (with one brighter mag 9.5 star) and only a few
faint members. There are two mag 9
stars 4' and 6' S of the mag 6.5 star but these are really detached from the
group. The brighter mag 11 stars
form a boxy outline and there is circular hole void of stars in the
center. This asterism is only
noticeable at 100x and 220x because of the mag 6.5 star and the group is
somewhat detached in the field.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7795 = h2287 on 29 Sep 1829 and recorded "A star 7m, the
chief of a vL coarse scattered but poor cl which fills the field. Stars 10m." There is no bright star near his
(single) position, but exactly 1.0 minute of RA preceding is mag 6.5 SAO
35922. The DSS shows a good
scattering of fairly bright stars nearby, mainly to the north. RNGC classifies this number as
nonexistent, using the incorrect NGC position. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7796 = ESO
149-007 = AM 2356-554 = PGC 73126
23 58 59.8 -55
27 30
V = 11.5; Size 2.2'x1.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 168d
25"
(10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; very bright, large, ~1.5'-1.7'
diameter. Sharply concentrated
with a very well defined intensely bright core and much fainter halo. The core gradually increases to either
a quasi-stellar or stellar nucleus.
Mag 8.0 HD 224288 lies 20' W.
A 2015 study
concluded "NGC 7796 is an old, massive isolated elliptical galaxy with no
indications of later major star formation events as seen frequently in other
isolated ellipticals. Its relatively rich globular cluster system (about 2000
members) shows that isolation does not always mean a poor cluster system."
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7796 = h4009 on 11 Sep 1836 and recorded "pB; S; R; gmbM;
25"." His single
position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7797 = UGC
12877 = MCG +00-01-011 = CGCG 382-010 = PGC 73125
23 58 58.9 +03
38 05
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 10d
17.5"
(11/6/88): very faint, fairly small, oval ~N-S, almost even surface brightness.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7797 = H III-867 = h2289 on 6 Dec 1790 (sweep 984) and recorded
"eF, pS, lbM, irr R. I saw it
with difficulty, but very well."
JH made the single observation "eF; not vS." and measured an
accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7798 = UGC
12884 = MCG +03-01-010 = CGCG 456-009 = Mrk 332 = PGC 73163
23 59 25.5 +20
44 59
V = 12.4; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5"
(7/20/90): moderately bright, fairly small, round, increases to bright core,
faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11
star is 1.4' SSW of center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7798 = H II-232 = h2290 on 18 Sep 1784 (sweep 277) and recorded
"F, S, R, or large stellar."
He observed this galaxy again on 13 Nov 1786 (sweep 635) and noted
"B, S, R, mbM, near a star."
JH made the single observation "pB; S; R; bM; has a * 10m 60¡ sp,
distance 65"."
******************************
NGC 7799
23 59 31.5 +31
17 44
V = 14.5
18"
(10/29/11): this number refers to the fainter northeast component of a 20"
pair of mag 13.6/14.4 stars. The
pair was easily resolved at 225x and there was no hint of a nebulous image. Another 13" pair (with a 3rd
component squeezed between) lies 3' SW.
Located 13' NW of mag 8 HD 224769.
Heinrich
d'Arrest discovered NGC 7799 on 7 Nov 1863 with the 11-inch refractor at
Copenhagen. His single observation
mentions a mag 16 star is southwest by 20" and at his position on the DSS
is a 21" pair of stars oriented southwest-northeast. So, d'Arrest must have thought the
northeast component was slightly nebulous. Coincidentally his position is also 9 seconds of RA east of
UGC 12882, an extremely faint edge-on (too faint to have been seen by
d'Arrest). RNGC, PGC, Megastar and
probably other amateur software misidentify UGC 12882 as NGC 7799. NED and
HyperLeda identify NGC 7799 as a star.
******************************
NGC 7800 = UGC
12885 = MCG +02-01-007 = CGCG 433-012 = PGC 73177
23 59 36.8 +14
48 25
V = 12.6; Size 2.3'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 42d
17.5"
(8/8/91): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, weak
concentration. A mag 13.5 star is
1.6' ESE and a mag 14.5 star is just off the NE end 1.5' NNE of center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7800 = H II-10 = h2291 on 24 Dec 1783 (early sweep 62) and noted
"a nebula, vF, E. Has two or
three places in which I suspect vF stars." On 18 Sep 1786 (sweep 590) he logged "F, E, bM, pL, the
extension not far from the meridian; from sp to nf." JH made the single observation "F;
S; E; irreg fig; 18"." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
NGC 7801
00 00 22 +50 44
24
Size 12'x6'
17.5"
(11/6/93): three dozen mag 9-14 stars in a coarse 12'x6' group. The rectangular outline is elongated
2:1 ~N-S. Includes several brighter
mag 9-10 stars (SAO 35975, 35977, 35990), scattered and best view at 100x. A richer subgroup of 10 stars along the
east side includes two nice doubles and several faint stars. A mag 9 star is near a void in the
center. Listed as a nonexistent
cluster in the RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7801 = h2292 on 8 Sep 1829 and reported "A double star [HJ
1923] in a tolerable cluster in which is one star 9m." His position corresponds with a
scattered group of brighter stars (probably an asterism).
******************************
NGC 7802 = UGC
12902 = MCG +01-01-008 = CGCG 408-007 = PGC 81
00 01 00.4 +06
14 31
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 52d
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, very small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, well defined small bright
core, much fainter extensions.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7802 = h2293 on 25 Sep 1830 and logged "vF; S; R;
psbM." His single position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7803 = HCG
100A = UGC 12906 = MCG +02-01-011 = CGCG 433-013 = PGC 101
00 01 20.0 +13
06 41
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 85d
48"
(10/24/11): at 610x appeared bright, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, 0.8'x0.5'. Sharply concentrated with a very small,
very bright core. A 17" pair
of mag 14.4/15.1 stars is 1' NW.
Flanked by HCG 100B 1.5' E and 100D 1.2' W. All 4 galaxies in HCG 100 fit within a circle of radius
2'. In addition, MCG +02-01-013,
an extremely faint galaxy, lies 1.2' SE of 100D and Mrk 935 lies 4.7' ESE of
100D.
18"
(9/24/05): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, increases in size to
~0.8'x0.4' with averted vision.
Contains a small, brighter core that is rounder. A faint pair of mag 14/15 stars lies 1'
WNW. Precedes a mag 11 star by
2'. Forms a close pair with HCG
100B, which appeared very faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.3'x0.2'. Sandwiched between NGC 7803 1.5' W and
a mag 11 star less than 1' following.
17.5"
(11/10/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 2:1 WSW-ENE, brighter
core. A pair of mag 14/15 stars
lie 1' WNW. This galaxy is the
brightest in the compact HCG 100 group.
Forms a close pair with HCG 100B 1.5' E. The fainter companion is very faint, small, round, 0.4'
diameter. Sandwiched between NGC
7803 1.5' W and a mag 11 star 46" ENE.
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, almost even surface
brightness. A pair of mag 14 and
14.5 stars is 1' WNW. Collinear
with two stars mag 12.5 and mag 11 2.3' E and 4.0' E, respectively. NGC 7810 lies 18' ESE.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7803 = Sw VI-98 on 5 Aug 1886 and recorded pF; pS; F * nr np;
near and between the 2 preceding of 3 stars in a line; np of 2 [with NGC
7810?]." His position is 12
seconds of RA west and 50" north of UGC 12906 (3' error), the brightest
galaxy in HCG 100. Howe measured
an accurate position in 1897.
******************************
NGC 7804
00 01 18.7 +07
44 55
Size 10"
18"
(11/17/08): this 10" unequal pair of faint stars was resolved at 175x and
easily split at 325x. Located 3' N
of a pale orange/blue-white pair (Du 4 = 9.6/10.2 at 15"). A third mag 10 star lies just 1.4' ESE
of the closer pair.
This erroneous
NGC entry is from Schweizer (Observations de Moscou, II, 115). But in four observations Engelhardt
could only see a double star without nebulosity and the region was carefully examined by Burnham (Publ of
Lick Obs, II) on two nights and only a faint pair was found: "but there
was no trace of nebulosity about it, or anywhere in the vicinity." He measured the separation (1891) as
9.8" in PA 55.6¡.
Kaspar Gottfried
Schweizer, director of the Moscow Observatory, discovered NGC 7804 on 22 Oct
1860. The discovery wasn't
published until 1875 (Observations de Moscou, II, 115). At his exact position is a pair of mag
14 stars at 10" separation.
In four observations Engelhardt could only find this double star and no
nebulosity (micrometric position given).
Sherbourne Burnham also carefully examined the region (Publ of Lick Obs,
II) on two nights and only the faint pair was found, "but there was no
trace of nebulosity about it, or anywhere in the vicinity." He measured the separation (1891) as
9.8" in PA 55.6¡. Finally,
Reinmuth says "no neb; double star 13 and 14 alm cont 50¡". This is Schweizer's only NGC entry (bio
at http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1904Obs....27..314L).
******************************
NGC 7805 = Arp
112 NED1 = VV 226b = UGC 12908 = MCG +05-01-024 = CGCG 498-064 = CGCG 499-036 =
Holm 826a = Mrk 333 = LGG 001-001 = PGC 109
00 01 26.8 +31
26 01
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 47d
24"
(12/1/16): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, compact, very slightly
elongated SW-NE, 25"x20", small bright core, very small bright
stellar nucleus. Forms a similar
double system (Arp 112) with NGC 7806 [50" NE between centers]. A mag 13.5 star is 1' W.
17.5"
(11/14/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, bright core, stellar
nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is 1.0'
W. Forms a close similar pair with
NGC 7806 30" off the NE edge and 54" between centers (the pair is Arp
112).
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7805 = H III-855 = h2294, along with NGC 7806, on 9 Oct 1790
(sweep 971), and recorded "Two, eF, stellar, between 1' of each other,
from 30¡ sp to nf." On sweep
178, JH reported "eF; S; R: sbM; double; the sp of 2."
******************************
NGC 7806 = Arp
112 NED2 = VV 226a = UGC 12911 = MCG +05-01-025 = CGCG 498-065 = CGCG 499-037 =
Holm 826b = Mrk 333 = LGG 001-002 = PGC 112
00 01 30.1 +31
26 31
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 20d
24"
(12/1/16): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, compact, slightly
elongated ~N-S, ~24"x18", small bright core, stellar nucleus. NGC 7806 is the northeastern of a
double system with NGC 7805 50" SW.
A mag 15.2 star is 50" SE.
MCG +05-01-026,
a very low surface brightness arc-shaped edge-on 1' E, was not seen though the
seeing was soft. I glimpsed it,
though, with certainty on 12/28/16 in Bob Douglas' 28" at 427x. It was visible some of the time as an
extremely faint and small glow, though a couple of times it elongated into a
small streak.
17.5"
(11/14/87): fairly faint, very small, oval 4:3 ~N-S, bright core, stellar
nucleus. Forms a close double
system with NGC 7805 54" SW of center and about 30" off the edge.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7806 = H III-856 = h2295, along with NGC 7805, on 9 Oct 1790
(sweep 971) and recorded "Two, eF, stellar, between 1' of each other, from
30¡ sp to nf." JH made 3
observations and noted (sweep 178) "eF; S; R; sbM."
******************************
NGC 7807 = ESO
538-015 = PGC 33
00 00 26.6 -18
50 31
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 27d
17.5"
(8/25/95): extremely faint, very small, probably elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE,
0.6'x0.4'. Located 6.5' WNW of a
mag 11 star. Needed to use GSC
chart and averted vision to pick up.
No details as required concentration just to detect the faint glow but
sighting certain. A mag 15 star
lies 2.9' E.
Ormond Stone
discovered NGC 7807 = LM I-271 at Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded
"mag 16.0; pS; irr F; E 90¡?"
There is nothing at his rough position (nearest min of RA), but 1.2 min
of RA west and 4' south is ESO 538-015 = PGC 33 (brightest nearby galaxy). His uncertain PA is not a good match,
though. Howe recovered this object
in 1898-99 and measured an accurate position (repeated in the IC 2 Notes). The RA in the ESO, SGC and NGC 2000 is
48 seconds too small, due to a typo in the ESO catalogue.
******************************
NGC 7808 = MCG
-02-01-013 = PGC 243
00 03 32.1 -10
44 41
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5"
(8/16/93): fairly faint, fairly small, round bright core dominates, slightly
elongated much fainter halo SSW-NNE.
Located 3.5' NE of a mag 10 star and 20' SW of 3 Ceti (V = 5.1). Forms a pair with MCG -02-01-012 3' SW,
which is situated just 40" E of the mag 10 star. The MCG appeared very faint, very small, elongated 5:2 N-S,
20"x8".
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, very small, round, weak concentration. A mag 9.5 star is 4' SW.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7808 = LM I-272 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the
Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.0; vS; R; stellar N;
star 8.5m at 3.6' separation in PA 240¡ [southwest]. There is nothing at his rough position (nearest min of RA)
but 2 minutes of RA east (common error) is MCG -02-01-013 = PGC 243 and the
description matches. He missed MCG
-02-01-012, the faint galaxy immediately following the star. Herbert Howe measured an accurate
position in 1899-00 at Denver (repeated in the IC 2 Notes). ESO misidentifies this number with a
"Conc of stars only".
******************************
NGC 7809 = MCG
+00-01-019 = CGCG 382-018 = III Zw 126 = PGC 158
00 02 09.4 +02
56 28
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 95d
17.5"
(11/6/88): very faint, very small, round.
Located 24' SSW of NGC 7811.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7809 = m 593 on 9 Sep 1864 and noted "eF, vS." His RA is 3 seconds too small.
******************************
NGC 7810 = UGC
12919 = MCG +02-01-015 = CGCG 433-018 = PGC 163
00 02 19.2 +12
58 18
V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 80d
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, very small, slightly elongated E-W, small bright core,
stellar nucleus. A mag 14.5 star
is just 0.4' NW of center. NGC
7803 lies 18' WNW.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7810 = H (III-984) = h2296 = Sw VI-99 on 17 Nov 1784 (sweep 320)
and recorded "suspected but 240 showed 2 small stars, and left it doubtful
whether they contained nebulosity between them or not; rather
against." He decided to not
include this object in his three catalogues and CH crossed out the internal
discovery number (649) in her fair copy.
CH's reduced position is 1.5' north of UGC 12919, and the identification
is certain.
JH made 3
observations and noted on sweep 174 "eF; follows 2 stars which point a
little south of it. It is called a
suspected nebula by my Father in his sweeps." He added the designation
"H.MS" (Herschel manuscript) as a synonym for h2296 and Dreyer called
it "(III-984)" in the NGC.
Lewis Swift
independently found this galaxy on 5 Aug 1886 and recorded it as the 99th
object in his 6th discovery list.
Swift's position is 16 tsec too far west but his comment "2 F stars
v near and in line with it" fits perfectly.
******************************
NGC 7811 = MCG
+00-01-020 = CGCG 382-019 = III Zw 127 = Mrk 543 = PGC 168
00 02 26.5 +03
21 07
V = 14.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4
17.5"
(11/6/88): faint, very small, round, bright core. A bright triangle of stars follow including mag 8.6 SAO 108985
8.2' ENE, a mag 9.2 star 10' SE and a mag 9.5 star 4.3' SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7811 = m 594 on 5 Oct 1864 and noted "vF, S, R,
stellar." His position is
accurate.
******************************
NGC 7812 = ESO
349-021 = MCG -06-01-016 = PGC 195
00 02 54.5 -34
14 08
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 146d
17.5"
(10/29/94): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6',
slightly brighter core. Lies just
north of a line of three mag 12-13 stars 1.5' SSE, 2.2' SSW and 3.9' SW of
center.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7812 = h4010 on 25 Sep 1834 and recorded "vF; S; R; among S
stars." His position is less
than 1' too far south.
******************************
NGC 7813 = IC
5384 = MCG -02-01-016 = Mrk 936 = PGC 287
00 04 09.1 -11
59 02
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 158d
17.5"
(11/6/93): very faint, very small, round, weak concentration, can just steadily
with direct vision. A mag 13 star
is 3' NW. Located 12' ESE of mag
8.2 SAO 147055. The listed
magnitude appears too bright.
Frank Muller
discovered NGC 7813 = LM II-476 in 1886 at the Leander McCormick Observatory
and recorded "mag 15.2; 0.5'x0.2' E 80¡, *8.5 follows 38 seconds; *9 north
preceding 40 seconds." There
is nothing at his position, but 1.0 minute east is MCG -02-01-016 = PGC
287. His description has several
inconsistencies: his position angle is well off from 158¡, a mag 11-12 star
follows by 25 seconds (his estimates were often a couple of mags too bright)
and a mag 8 star precedes by 40 seconds.
Still, there are no other reasonable candidates nearby. Herbert Howe found this galaxy again in
1899 while searching for Muller's object and assumed it was new because of the
inconsistencies listed above, and it was recatalogued as IC 5384. So, NGC 7813 is perhaps identical to IC
5384, but not with certainty.
MCG labels this
galaxy as IC 5384. Roger Sinnott's
NGC 2000.0 and the Deep Sky Field Guide both give the wrong position (based on
the NGC position). See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7814 = UGC 8
= MCG +03-01-020 = CGCG 456-024 = PGC 218
00 03 14.9 +16
08 43
V = 10.6; Size 5.5'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 135d
48"
(10/23/11): gorgeous view of this showpiece edge-on spiral at 375x and
488x. The oval central bulge is
large and very bright, increasing to an intense core. A very thin, very high contrast dust lane slices through the
major axis of the galaxy, neatly bisecting the galaxy. On close inspection, the halo on the
south side of the lane is marginally more extensive. At the center, a small nucleus is apparently obscured,
leaving only two very small brilliant "knots" on either side of the
lane. Beyond the central region,
much fainter arms extend NW and SE, increasing the total size to 5'x1.5'. The dust lane is easily visible
splitting the edge-on arms until they dim out at the tips.
17.5"
(8/2/86): very bright, very bright large core, fainter extensions NW-SE. Forms a pair with IC 5381 10' S. The narrow dust lane bisecting the
galaxy was not seen. IC 5378 (Arp
130) lies 30' NNW.
17.5"
(12/19/87): faint stellar nucleus visible.
13"
(10/10/86): bright, large, large bright core, elongated NW-SE, faint stellar
nucleus.
8"
(11/8/80): moderately bright, slightly elongated.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7814 = H II-240 = h2297 on 8 Oct 1784 (sweep 286) and logged
"pF; pL; irr R; easily res."
JH made the single observation "B; L; irreg R; vgbM; 2' or 3' diam;
no nucleus." R.J. Mitchell,
LdR's assistant on 12 Oct 1885, wrote "pL and B, E, gmbM, a decided dark
lane runs through it in the direction of the major axis. The neb is rather narrower in the
middle of its length and spreads out laterally towards its extremities, fading
away gradually. His sketch was
included in the 1861 publication and in Plate 5, Fig 11 in the 1880 Lawrence
Parsons publication. The sketch shows
the thin dust lane bisecting the core and extending out through the arms.
******************************
NGC 7815
00 03 24.9 +20
42 14
=*,
Gottlieb. "Not found",
Carlson.
Herman Schultz
discovered NGC 7815 = Nova XII on 15 Oct 1866 with the 9.6-inch refractor at
Uppsala Observatory. His
micrometric position of 00 03 24.9 +20 42 15 (2000) falls on a mag 14.4 star,
just 2.2' north of mag 7.5 HD 225097.
His notes describe "sev fine *... Seen in the neby? The object...quite distinctly seen as a
neb with stellar center; in the autumn 1869 hardly visible!" Nearly all of Schultz' objects in the
NGC are single or double stars.
See Corwin's notes.
******************************
NGC 7816 = UGC
16 = MCG +01-01-018 = CGCG 408-018 = PGC 263
00 03 48.9 +07
28 43
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, moderately large, round. Contains a bright core surrounded by a grainy halo. The periphery gradually fades into the
background. Forms a pair with NGC
7818 7.7' SE.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7816 = H III-436 = h2298 = h2299 on 26 Sep 1785 (sweep 442) and
recorded "vF, pL, lbM."
JH probably made two observations on 15 and 16 Aug 1830 that he assumed
were of different objects as his dec differed by 7.5'. One of these
observations is certainly NGC 7816 (assumed to be a nova), but the other could
possibly be NGC 7818 (matches in dec).
******************************
NGC 7817 = UGC
19 = MCG +03-01-021 = CGCG 456-028 = PGC 279
00 03 58.8 +20
45 03
V = 11.8; Size 3.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 45d
17.5"
(9/15/90): moderately bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, broad
concentration. An evenly matched
mag 14 pair of starts with separation of 17" lies just south of the SW
extension 1.3' from the center.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7817 = H II-227 = h2300 on 15 Sep 1784 (sweep 274) and recorded
"F, pL, E, r." On 18 Sep
1784 (sweep 277) he reported "pF, cL, E, r." Again on 13 Nov 1786 (sweep 635) he logged
"F, E, about 2 1/2' long from sp to nf." JH made the single observation "pB; mE; lbM; 2' l,
20" br; pos 45¡ nf to sp by diagram."
******************************
NGC 7818 = UGC
21 = MCG +01-01-019 = CGCG 408-019 = PGC 288
00 04 08.9 +07
22 46
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5"
(9/15/90): extremely faint, small, round, very low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with NGC 7816 7.7' NW.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7818 = Sw VI-100 on 23 Oct 1886 and recorded "eeeF; pS; ee
diff.; follows 5048 [NGC 7816] 22 seconds and is 5' south." His position is 5 seconds of RA west
and 2' north of UGC 21, but the reference to NGC 7816 clinches this
identification.
******************************
NGC 7819 = UGC
26 = MCG +05-01-029 = CGCG 498-072 = CGCG 499-044 = LGG 001-003 = PGC 303
00 04 24.5 +31
28 20
V = 13.5; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.0
17.5" (11/14/87):
very faint, very small, round, diffuse.
Collinear with a mag 13.5 star 1.4' NNE and a mag 12.5 star 2.5' NNE of
center. Located 37' E of NGC 7806. Appears fainter than CGCG magnitude =
14.3pg.
Ralph Copeland
discovered NGC 7819 on 26 Oct 1872 at Birr Castle. His full description reads "eF, L. Nova f 2m 57.0s and 2' 32.5" n of
5042 [NGC 7805]". His
micrometric offset is accurate. Dreyer made a second observation on 5 Oct Also
and he noted "3 minutes f [NGC 7805] an eF, L , diffused neb was
seen."
******************************
NGC 7820 = UGC
28 = MCG +01-01-022 = CGCG 408-021 = PGC 307
00 04 30.8 +05
12 01
V = 12.9; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 165d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, small well-defined
bright core. A mag 13.5 star is
43" SW of center. First and
brightest of four in a group with NGC 7825 14' E.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7820 = h2301 on 24 Sep 1830 and recorded "B; S; mE; vsmbM
to a *; 12" long, has a * preceding." His position is accurate.
******************************
NGC 7821 = MCG
-03-01-019 = PGC 367
00 05 16.7 -16
28 37
V = 13.2; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 111d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, moderate
concentration but no core. Located
14' E of mag 5.8 SAO 147064. The
WLM System lies 1.3¡ NW.
Ormond Stone
discovered NGC 7821 = LM I-273 on 3 Nov 1885 at Leander McCormick Observatory
and recorded "mag 14.0; pS; irr figure, E 125¡; glbM." His rough position (nearest min of RA)
is 0.6 minutes of RA west of MCG -03-01-019 = PGC 367. Stone later measured an accurate
micrometric position in October 1887 (published in the "Southern
Nebulae" monograph) and noted the PA = 100¡ and size 0.5'x0.3'.
******************************
NGC 7822 = Ced
215 = LBN 587 = LBN 589
00 03 18 +68 30
Size 60'x30'
18"
(9/15/07): at 73x (31mm Nagler) unfiltered, extends nearly 60' in length
(roughly E-W). A group of stars
are involved near the middle and includes a nice isosceles triangle of mag
8/8/9 stars with separations of 2.7', 2.7' and 4' with several fainter stars
nearby. This group is clearly
encased in nebulosity and extends to the east for nearly 30' with quite a few
stars involved. Fainter nebulosity
also extends to the west in a wide curving lane. The entire glow shows up well at 12.5x in the 80mm
finder. Did not experiment with
filters.
17.5"
(8/25/95): very faint, very large nebulosity best viewed in the 16x80 finder as
it gives a higher contrast with the surrounding sky. Appears elongated E-W and at least 40' in size. At 82x, nebulosity is clearly visible
in the region of a triangle of mag 8-9 stars including mag 7.9 SAO 20996 at 00
00 57.5 +68 27 27 (2000). A large
portion of the field appears weakly nebulous, though not with certainty.
The
identification of NGC 7822 is uncertain and may apply to Ced 214 about 1.5
degrees to the south. Here are my
descriptions for Ced 214 = Sh 2-171:
18"
(9/15/07): at 73x (31mm Nagler) unfiltered, Ced 214 appears as a huge, faint,
irregular glow of at least 50' diameter surrounding mag 5.7 HD 225216. Extends as far south as mag 6.3 HD
225136 (28' S of the mag 5.7 star).
The NW portion includes open cluster Be 59 (~20' NW of the mag 5.7
star). Generally, the outline can
be traced, though it is only vaguely defined in some areas. The east side has a roughly circular
outline. Did not compare the view
using a UHC or H-beta filter, although despite the previous negative result it
was immediately evident without a filter.
On deep images, Ced 214 and the elongated section to the north (often
taken as NGC 7822) are connected and part of a huge loop extending off the west
and east side of Ced 214 and curving to the north.
17.5"
(10/4/97): Ced 214 was not detected unfiltered at 82x or using an OIII
filter. With an H-Beta filter, a
40' field surrounding the mag 5.7 illuminating star appeared weakly nebulous in
contrast to the immediate periphery.
No structure noted, although seemed roughly circular. The small open cluster Be 59 is
embedded on the NW side. This
object may be NGC 7822 if John Herschel made a 1.5 degree error in declination.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7822 = h2302 on 16 Nov 1829 and recorded "the central part
of what I am positive is an enormously L, but eF neb of a round figure, though
I cannot trace its limits. Diam
10'±. The night exquisite. I swept often across it to be sure, but
always recurred to the same place.
No doubt but can never be seen but in the best state of the air and sky.
Diameter 10' +/-." This large
nebula was not seen twice at Birr Castle.
His position is just north of the 60'x30' nebula described here, though
it is not of a "round figure".
Isaac Roberts
gave dimensions of 42'x38' in MNRAS, Vol LXIII, p301 based on plates taken in
1901 and 1902, although his description (as well as possibly JH's) refers to
Ced 214 = Sh 2-171, about 1.5¡ south of JH's position (part of the same
complex). Dreyer repeated Robert's
dimensions in the IC 2 Notes section.
Harold Corwin's favors identifying Robert's nebula as NGC 7822, with Ced
215 (close to JH's position) as a secondary choice. Either are possible, but as JH didn't mention the mag 5.7
star involved in Ced 214, I prefer Ced 215.
******************************
NGC 7823 = ESO
111-012 = PGC 328 = PGC 349667 = PGC 349695
00 04 45.6 -62
03 42
V = 12.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.6
30"
(10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, moderately large, round. Sharply concentrated with a bright, bar
elongated N-S, punctuated by a bright, very small nucleus. A mag 14.6 star is 1.5' SE and a mag
16.2 star is just 0.8' S. The 20'
field is very star poor.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7823 = h4011 on 11 Aug 1836 and recorded "F; S; R; gbM;
15"." His mean position
(2 observations) is fairly accurate.
******************************
NGC 7824 = UGC
34 = MCG +01-01-025 = CGCG 408-025 = PGC 354
00 05 06.2 +06
55 12
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 145d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, even concentration down to
very small bright core. A mag 10.5
star is 2.1' NW of center. Forms a
pair with UGC 36 9' SSE.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7824 = h2303 on 25 Sep 1830 and recorded "not vF; S; R;
12"; a * 9m north preceding."
His position is very accurate.
******************************
NGC 7825 = CGCG
408-024 = PGC 1279700
00 05 06.6 +05
12 13
Size
0.6'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 135d
17.5"
(9/15/90): very faint, very small, round, bright core. A mag 14.5 star is 1.1' NE. Forms a trio with NGC 7827 5.3' E and
UGC 37 7' ESE. Incorrectly
identified in RC3 and UGC but correct in RNGC.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7825 = h2304, along with NGC 7827, on 25 Sep 1830 and recorded
"vF; S; gbM." His single position matches CGCG 408-024 = PGC
1279700. UGC, PGC and RC3
misidentify CGCG 408-027 as NGC 7825. MCG misidentifies NGC 7825 as NGC
7827. The CGCG and RNGC
identification is correct. See
Harold Corwin's identification notes for more on these errors.
******************************
NGC 7826 = ESO
538-**19
00 05 17 -20 41
30
17.5"
(12/4/93): about 20 scattered mag 9-13 stars in a 15' diameter form this
asterism. Most of the stars are
arranged in an elongated string oriented NNW-SSE including five brighter mag
9-10 stars. A double star (mag
10/11.5 at 30" in pa 45¡) located 10' E forms an equilateral triangle with
the endpoints of the string.
Stands out in field because of the brighter stars.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7826 = H VIII-29 = h2305 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 330) and recorded
"a cl of a few coarsely scattered L stars." At his position is a group of stars matching this description
(probably an asterism). JH noted a
"A triangular group of about a dozen stars." ESO states "concentration of stars
only". Listed as a
nonexistent cluster in the RNGC, though the scattered group is obvious on the
DSS.
******************************
NGC 7827 = UGC
38 = MCG +01-01-027 = CGCG 408-028 = PGC 378
00 05 27.7 +05
13 20
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 36d
17.5"
(9/15/90): fairly faint, small, irregularly round. A mag 12 star is 1.5' ENE. Brightest of three with UGC 37 2.7' S and NGC 7825 5.3' WSW.
John Herschel
discovered NGC 7827 = h2306, along with NGC 7825, on 25 Sep 1830 and recorded
"vF; S; R; sbM; has a * nf."
His position is accurate.
d'Arrest also measured an accurate position (on 3 nights) and noted the
star to the northeast follows by 6 sec of time. MCG misidentifies this galaxy as NGC 7825.
******************************
NGC 7828 = Arp
144 NED1 = VV 272a = MCG -02-01-025B = PGC 483
00 06 27.1 -13
24 58
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 140d
48"
(10/23/14): at 488x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE,
40"x18", irregular shape with a mottled or clumpy appearance,
slightly brighter along with south side. The galaxy displayed an extension or
bend (slightly north) on the northwest side as if it consisted of two merged
galaxies. A fainter 15" knot or patch is attached.at the northwest
end. NGC 7828 forms an interacting
pair (Arp 144 = VV 272) with NGC 7829 just 0.6' between centers. Arp 51 lies 3.2' SW and appeared fairly
faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~SW-NE, 24"x20".
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, even surface
brightness. Forms a double system
with NGC 7829, an extremely compact galaxy off the SE end.
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7828 = LM II-274, along with NGC 7829, in 1886 and
recorded "mag 15.4; 0.5' dia; pE 130¡ sbMN; * 15 [NGC 7829] sf 3 seconds;
Double [with NGC 7829], PA 100¡ at 0.3' separation." Howe measured an accurate position in
1897 at Denver (given in the IC 2 Notes).
In the Arp
catalogue, NGC 7828 has a very unusual distorted appearance. According to Higdon (1988), this is not
a classical ring but possibly the result of stripping of the gaseous disk from
a spiral galaxy during the collision with an intergalactic HI cloud . It was rejected as a ring galaxy in
"Stellar Disks of Collisional Ring Galaxies" (AJ 136, 1259,2008) by
Romano et al.
******************************
NGC 7829 = Arp
144 NED2 = VV 272b = MCG -02-01-025A = PGC 488
00 06 29.0 -13
25 14
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9
48"
(10/23/14): at 488x; bright, small, 15" diameter, sharply concentrated
with a very bright core ~4" diameter increasing to an intense stellar
nucleus. The core is surrounded by
a small round halo. Forms a close,
interacting pair (Arp 144 = VV 272) with much larger NGC 7828 just 0.6' NW.
17.5"
(9/15/90): faint, round, extremely small, barely non-stellar. Appears at first glance to be as a mag
14 star just off the SE end of NGC 7828!
Francis
Leavenworth discovered NGC 7829 = LM II-275, along with NGC 7828, in 1886 and
noted "mag 15.0; 0.2' dia; R; sbMN; neb?; Double, pair at 0.3' separation
in PA 100¡." Herbert Howe
reported "I can see no nebulosity; it appears to be simply a star of mag
13." Perhaps he was not using
a high enough magnification. Its
appearance on the DSS is very compact but definitely non-stellar.
******************************
NGC 7830
00 06 12.5 +08
22 46
=*, Corwin.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7830 = m 595, along with NGC 7834, 7835, 7837, 7838 and 7840, on
29 Nov 1864 and noted an "eF, neb * 13 m." At his position (25 seconds of time west of NGC 7834) is a
16th magnitude star. This is perhaps Marth's object, though it's surprising he
would call it 13th magnitude."
In any case, there is no other nearby galaxies (besides the ones he
discovered) that he might have picked up instead. So, this number either refers to a faint star or is lost.
******************************
NGC 7831 = IC
1530 = UGC 60 = MCG +05-01-032 = CGCG 498-078 = CGCG 499-050 = LGG 001-005 =
PGC 569
00 07 19.5 +32
36 34
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 38d
17.5"
(10/12/87): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated SW-NE, weak
concentration. A mag 14 star is at
the SW end 45" from center.
Located 2.2' NNW of mag 8.9 SAO 53654. Identified in the UGC and CGCG as IC 1530.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7831 = Sw II-1 on 20 Sep 1885 and recorded "eF; vS; eE;
bright star south; vF star very near." There is nothing at his position, but 62 seconds of RA east
and 8' north is UGC 60. Similar
offsets in RA and Dec yield identities for NGC 19, NGC 21 and NGC 7836, all
discovered the same night (NGC 6 also shares the same offset in RA). Furthermore, his comment of a
"bright star south" matches mag 8.9 SAO 53654 located 2.2' S and
"vF star very near" matches a mag 14 star at the southwest end
45" from center, so this identification is certain.
Bigourdan
couldn't find NGC 7831 at Swift's position so when he rediscovered UGC 60 he
assumed it was new and Dreyer catalogued Big. 357 as IC 1530. CGCG, UGC, MCG label this galaxy as IC
1530 because of the unambiguous IC position, though Swift's number should apply
by prior discovery. For more, see
Harold Corwin's identification notes and Malcolm Thomson's unpublished
"Catalogue Corrections".
******************************
NGC 7832 = IC
5386 = MCG -01-01-033 = PGC 485
00 06 28.5 -03
42 58
V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 25d
17.5"
(11/6/88): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, bright core,
stellar nucleus.
William Herschel
discovered NGC 7832 = H III-190 = h4013 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 279) and noted
"vF, vS." JH made a single observation from the Cape of Good Hope:
"F; R; first vg, the psbM; has 2 stars 9m sf." His position is accurate.
Lewis Swift
rediscovered this galaxy on 12 Sep 1896 and described IC 5386 = Sw XI-1 as
"pB; pS; vE." His position
was 5' too far southeast. The IC
position (based on Herbert Howe's observation in 1898-99) matches NGC
7832. Corwin notes that neither
Swift, Dreyer nor Howe noticed the equivalence with NGC 7832.
******************************
NGC 7833
00 06 31.9 +27
38 26
Size 2'
17.5"
(10/21/95): this asterism consists of four faint mag 14.5-15 stars within a
1.3' diameter although three of the stars form a very small triangle with the
fourth star 1' N. The faintest of
the four stars is the northern star in the small triangle. Located 2' NE of a close well-matched
double star and in the same low field with NGC 1 and 2, just 10' ENE. Listed as nonexistent in RNGC.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7833 = Big. 101, along with NGC 7839, on 18 Nov 1886
and recorded "Small cluster (clump) of 2.5' diameter, consisting of very
faint stars, including a bit of suspected nebulosity." At his position (just 10'
west-southwest of NGC 1) is a small group of 5 stars (1.3' diameter). RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent
(Type 7). Archinal and Hynes
mention my observation in the book "Star Clusters".
******************************
NGC 7834 = UGC
49 = MCG +01-01-030 = CGCG 408-030 = PGC 504
00 06 37.9 +08
22 04
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 18d
18"
(10/21/06): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Just follows
a 40" pair of mag 13/14.5 stars oriented N-S that are close off the NW and
SW side (40" NW and 25" SW).
17.5"
(8/2/86): very faint, very diffuse, fairly small, even surface brightness. Two stars are very close off the NW and
SW end oriented N-S. Largest in
the NGC 3 group with NGC 7837/NGC 7838 4.3' ESE and NGC 7835 4.2' NE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7834 = m 596, along with NGC 7835, 7837, 7838 and 7840, on 29
Nov 1864 and noted "eeF, vS."
His position is just off the northwest edge of the galaxy.
******************************
NGC 7835 = MCG
+01-01-031 = PGC 505
00 06 46.8 +08
25 33
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 162d
18"
(10/21/06): extremely faint, very small, appears elongated 2:1 ~N-S but only
0.4'x0.2', very low surface brightness.
Located 3.4' E of a mag 12.5 star in the NGC 3 group. NGC 7834 lies 4' SW and NGC 7837/7838
5' SE.
17.5"
(8/2/86): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, diffuse. Forms an isosceles triangle with a mag
12 star 3.4' W and a mag 13 star 4.5' NNW. Located 4.0' NE of NGC 7834 in the NGC 3 group. The NGC 7837/38 pair lies 5' SSE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7835 = m 597 on 29 Nov 1864 and noted "eF, S, R." His position is accurate. The same night he found NGC's 7834,
7837, 7838, 3 and 4.
******************************
NGC 7836 = UGC
65 = CGCG 498-079 = CGCG 499-051 = Mrk 336 = LGG 001-006 = PGC 608
00 08 01.6 +33
04 15
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 133d
17.5"
(11/14/87): fairly faint, small, round, small bright core. A string of four mag 11-12 stars of 5'
length follows. Not identified as
NGC 7831 in the UGC or CGCG.
Listed as Anon 1 in the Webb Society Deep Sky Observers Handbook on
Anonymous Galaxies.
Lewis Swift
discovered NGC 7836 = Sw II-2 on 20 Sep 1885 and recorded "eF; vS; R;
between 2 stars." There is
nothing near his position but 75 seconds of RA east and 8' north is UGC 65. Similar offsets in RA and Dec yield
identities for NGC 19, NGC 21 and NGC 7831, all discovered the same night (NGC
6 also shares the same offset in RA).
Bigourdan measured a corrected position matching UGC 65 on 7 Sep 1888
(repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
UGC 65 is not
labeled as NGC 7836 in the UGC or CGCG.
RNGC and PGC have the correct identification. See Malcolm Thomson's
"CGCG Corrections" and Corwin's notes for more on the story.
******************************
NGC 7837 = Arp
246 NED1 = MCG +01-01-035 = CGCG 408-034 = PGC 516
00 06 51.4 +08
21 05
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.8; PA = 171d
18"
(10/21/06): extremely faint and small, round, attached at the west edge of NGC
7388 (just 0.6' between centers).
The pair is occasionally resolved with this galaxy appearing as a
separate knot on the west edge of elongated NGC 7388.
17.5"
(8/2/86): very faint, very small, round.
Forms a tight double system with NGC 7838 at the east edge 38"
between centers. Member of the NGC
3 group with NGC 7834 4.2' WNW and NGC 7835 4.7' NNW.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7837 = m 598, along with NGC 7838, on 29 Nov 1864 and simply
noted "eF, D neb [with NGC 7838].
******************************
NGC 7838 = Arp
246 NED2 = MCG +01-01-036 = CGCG 408-034 = PGC 525
00 06 54.0 +08
21 03
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 93d
18"
(10/21/06): very faint, small, very elongated 2:1 E-W, 0.4'x0.2', low even
surface brightness. Forms a double
system with NGC 7837 at the west edge.
The galaxies are only resolved part of the time, otherwise the single
glow appears elongated ~3:1 E-W.
Located 6.4' NW of NGC 3.
17.5"
(8/2/86): very faint, very small, round.
Forms a very close pair with NGC 7837 just 38" W of center. Located in the NGC 3 group with NGC
7834 4.5' WNW and NGC 3 8' SE.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7838 = m 598, along with NGC 7837, on 29 Nov 1864 and simply
noted "eF, D neb [with NGC 7837].
******************************
NGC 7839
00 07 00.6 +27
38 07
=*, Corwin. Incorrect identification in the RNGC.
Guillaume
Bigourdan discovered NGC 7839 = Big. 102, along with NGC 7833, on 18 Nov
1886. He noted the size as
40"-50" with several points of condensation." At his position (just 5' southwest of
NGC 1) is a mag 15 star (with a mag 17 star at 21" separation), though
Corwin notes the fainter star is likely too faint to have been seen in
Bigourdan's 11-inch. The RNGC new
description appears to apply to NGC 2, though the coordinates seem to refer to
NGC 7839.
******************************
NGC 7840 = PGC
1345780
00 07 08.8 +08
23 01
V = 15.5; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 127d
48"
(10/24/11): at 610x appeared faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated NW-SE, 24"x20", low even surface brightness. Located 5.3' NNW of NGC 3 and 3.9' WNW
of NGC 4.
18" (10/21/06):
marginal galaxy in the NGC 3 group only glimpsed with averted and
concentration, though it seemed to pop into view at the same location on a
couple of occasions as a stellar or quasi-stellar knot. Located 4' NE of NGC 7837/7838 and 5'
NNW of NGC 3. Incorrectly classified as nonexistent in the RNGC.
Albert Marth
discovered NGC 7840 = m 600 on 29 Nov 1864 and noted "eF, S." The same night he discovered NGC's
7830, 7834, 7835, 7837, 7838, 3, 4.
With the exception of NGC 7830, which is mostly likely a star, the other
members can be confidently identified with faint galaxies. But there is no galaxy at his position
for NGC 7840 and RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent.
However, Harold
Corwin identifies PGC 1345780 as a likely candidate. This extremely faint galaxy is ~3' south of Marth's
position. I missed it with my
17.5" and it was a marginal object in my 18", but Marth could have
seen it using Lassell's 48" equatorial. The identification was discussed with Corwin in personal
correspondence on 18 Jul 1986. The
RNGC omission is listed in my RNGC Corrections #2.
******************************