IC 4011 = CGCG 160-242 = PGC 44705

13 00 06.4 +28 00 14; Com

V = 15.1;  Size 0.5'x0.5'

 

82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; fairly bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter, very small, very bright nucleus.  Situtated just 1.6' NNW of NGC 4889 in the core of AGC 1656.

 

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round, barely non-stellar, visible with averted vision only.  Located 1.6' N of NGC 4889 in the dense central core of AGC 1656 with numerous galaxies nearby including NGC 4886 1.1' SSW and NGC 4883 2.9' NW.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4011 = K. 2-22 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, N 15 m."

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IC 4012 = CGCG 160-244 = PGC 44714

13 00 08.0 +28 04 43; Com

V = 15.0;  Size 0.5'x0.4'

 

18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter.  Located 6' due north of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4012 = K. 2-23 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."

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IC 4015 = NGC 4893 = VV 222b = Holm 498a = UGC 8111 NED1 = MCG +06-29-008 = MCG +06-29-009 = CGCG 189-010 NED1 = PGC 44690

12 59 59.6 +37 11 36; CVn

V = 14.6;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  PA = 3ˇ

 

24" (6/4/16): the two close components (IC 4015 and IC 4016) of NGC 4893 were resolved at 322x.  The brighter northern component (IC 4015) of NGC 4893 appeared faint to fairly faint, small, round, 15"-18" diameter.  The southern member (IC 4016) is faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter.  The centers of the two galaxies are separated by just 19".  A mag 13.5 star is 44" E and a mag 15.0 star is just under 1' SSW.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4015 = W. V-136 and IC 4015, the two components of NGC 4893, on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  He reported both as "D neb, eF, S, iF, N."

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IC 4016 = NGC 4893A = UGC 8111a = VV 222a = MCG +06-29-009 = CGCG 189-010 NED2 = Holm 498b = PGC 44696

12 59 59.8 +37 11 17; CVn

V = 15.4;  Size 0.5'x0.35';  PA = 12ˇ

 

24" (6/4/16): the two components (IC 4015 and IC 4016) were resolved at 322x.  The southern member (IC 4016) is faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter.  The centers of the two galaxies are separated by just 19".  A mag 13.5 star is 44" E and a mag 15.0 star is just under 1' SSW.  Situated 11' SW of NGC 4914.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4016 = W. V-137, along with IC 4015 as well as IC 4027, 4034 and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  He reported "D neb, eF, S, iF, N."

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IC 4017 = LEDA 1672129

13 00 16.1 +22 33 20; Com

V = 17.0;  Size 0.4'x0.2';  PA = 95ˇ

 

48" (5/1/22): IC 4017 is the most distant galaxy in the NGC/IC with a confirmed redshift (z = .1773), implying a light-travel time of 2.2 billion years.  At 488x it appeared very faint, small, ~12"-15".  It was generally seen as a low surface brightness diffuse glow with an even surface brightness, but occasionally sharpened to a distinct E-W elongated shape.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4017 = Wolf VI-138 on a plate taken 27 Jan 1904.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4021 = MCG +05-31-080 = CGCG 160-246 = PGC 44726

13 00 14.8 +28 02 28; Com

V = 14.8;  Size 0.4'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.9

 

18" (4/20/12): this member of the Coma cluster lies 1.7' WSW of slightly brighter IC 4026 and 4' NNE of NGC 4889.  At 322x it appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 12" diameter.  A mag 15 star lies 50" E, near the midpoint of IC 4021 and IC 4026.

 

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round.  Located 4.1' NNE of NGC 4889 in the core of AGC 1656 and similar to IC 4026 1.6' ENE.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4021 = K. 2-25 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."

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IC 4026 = CGCG 160-250 = PGC 44749

13 00 22.1 +28 02 49; Com

V = 14.6;  Size 0.3'x0.3'

 

18" (4/20/12): located 5' NE of NGC 4889 in the core of the Coma cluster, this galaxy appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter.  Slightly fainter IC 4021 lies 1.7' WSW and a faint mag 15 star is squeezed between the pair of galaxies.

 

17.5" (4/28/90): located in the core of AGC 1656 and form a pair with IC 4021 1.6' WSW.  Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4026 = K. 2-26 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."

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IC 4027 = LEDA 2093834

13 00 13.6 +37 08 29; CVn

V = 15.5;  Size 0.4'x0.3';  PA = 176ˇ

 

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter.  Located 4' SE of NGC 4893 (double system).

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4027 = W. V-142b as well as nearby IC 4016, 4034 and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  He reported "F, S, iF, N, [NGC] 4893 np."

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IC 4030 = PGC 44763

13 00 27.8 +27 57 21; Com

V = 15.4;  Size 0.5'x0.35'

 

18" (4/20/12): extremely faint and small, round, 8"-10" diameter, requires averted.  Located 4.6' ESE of NGC 4889 and 2.2' E of NGC 4898 in the core of AGC 1656.  This is one of the fainter Coma cluster members I picked up this evening (B = 16.4).

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4030 = K. 2-27 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, R, * 15 inv."

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IC 4033 = PGC 44771

13 00 28.4 +27 58 20; Com

V = 15.2;  Size 0.5'x0.28';  PA = 101ˇ

 

18" (4/20/12): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, required averted vision at 322x.  Forms a difficult pair with IC 4033 1.0' N.  Located just  4.4' E of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4033 = K. 2-28 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, pS, R."

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IC 4034 = LEDA 214050

13 00 19.6 +37 02 46; CVn

V = 15.8;  Size 0.4'x0.4'

 

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely faint and small, 6" diameter.  Near the visual threshold though confirmed.  Forms a close pair with IC 4038 0.6' SE.  Located 17' SSW of NGC 4914 and 1.8' NNE of a mag 10.6 star.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4034 = W. V-146 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  He reported "cF, S, iF, N."

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IC 4038 = LEDA 214051

13 00 21.8 +37 02 22; CVn

V = 15.3;  Size 0.5'x0.25';  PA = 168ˇ

 

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, slightly elongated N-S, 12"x8".  Slightly brighter of a close pair with IC 4034 0.6' NW.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4038 = W. V-150 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4034 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  He reported "F, vS, iF, N."

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IC 4040 = MCG +05-31-085 = CGCG 160-252 = PGC 44789

13 00 37.9 +28 03 27; Com

V = 14.8;  Size 0.7'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 160ˇ

 

18" (4/20/12): very faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 25"x8".  Located 8' NE of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster and surrounded by several IC galaxies in an oval chain of galaxies to the east of 4889.

 

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, small, elongated NNW-SSE.  Located in the core of AGC 1656 6.9' NE of NGC 4889.with IC 4045 3.1' NE and NGC 4908 3.1' ESE.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4040 = K. 2-29 on 8 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, S, R, = B 306?."  Kobold's position corresponds with CGCG 160-252 = PGC 44789 and all modern sources identify this galaxy as IC 4040.  But Malcolm Thomson found that Bigourdan's #306, which Dreyer lists as the primary observer, refers to PGC 44792 (with attached star), which is 2.5' south of Kobold's object.  Dreyer used Kobold's micrometric position, but Bigourdan's observation is nearly 5 years earlier.  Thomson argues that based on prior discovery, IC 4040 should perhaps apply to Bigourdan's system, instead of the modern identification.

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IC 4041 = MCG +05-31-086 = CGCG 160-254 = PGC 44804

13 00 40.9 +27 59 47; Com

V = 14.3;  Size 0.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.4

 

18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, 10" diameter.  Located 7.3' ENE of NGC 4889 in the large oval ring of galaxies that lie east of the giant cD.  Also situated 1.5' N of slightly brighter IC 4042 and 3.1' WSW of brighter IC 4051.

 

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round.  Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.3' ENE of NGC 4889.  Nearby galaxies include IC 4042 1.6' SSE and IC 4051 2.9' E.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4041 = K. 2-30 on 8 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, pS."

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IC 4042 = CGCG 160-255 = MCG +05-31-086 = PGC 44808

13 00 42.8 +27 58 16; Com

V = 14.3;  Size 0.6'x0.6

 

18" (4/20/12): at 322x, faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, easily visible.  Forms a close pair with PGC 44809 = IC 4042A 30" S.  The companion (B = 16.3) appeared very faint, extremely small, round, ~8" diameter.  This duo is situated 7.6' due east of NGC 4889 in the core of the Coma cluster.

 

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, round.  Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.6' E of NGC 4889.  Nearby galaxies include IC 4051 3.2' NE and IC 4041 1.6' NNW.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4042 = K. 2-31 on 9 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, S, bM."

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IC 4045 = MCG +05-31-088 = PGC 44818

13 00 48.7 +28 05 26; Com

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 115ˇ

 

18" (4/20/12): faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15".  Located 4' S of brighter NGC 4907 in the Coma cluster and in a line with IC 4051 2.9' SSE and NGC 4908 5.2' SSE.

 

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, slightly elongated, very small bright core.  Located in the central region of AGC 1656 with NGC 4907 5' N, IC 4040 3' SW and NGC 4908 3' SSE.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4045 = Big. 307 = K. 2-45, along with IC 4051, on 12 Apr 1891.  Hermann Kobold found it again on 8 May 1896 and noted "pF, S, bM, = B307?"  Dreyer combined both observations in the IC 2 using Kobold's position.

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IC 4051 = MCG +05-31-090 = CGCG 160-258 = PGC 44828

13 00 51.5 +28 02 34; Com

V = 13.6;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 51ˇ

 

18" (4/20/12): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 24"x20", very small brighter nucleus.  Forms a pair with slightly brighter NGC 4908 2.2' SSE (the identifications of IC 4051 and NGC 4908 are reversed in most catalogues).  Located 10' NW of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster.

 

17.5" (4/21/90): located on the east side of the core of AGC 1656.  Faint, small, slightly elongated.  A mag 15 star is attached at the NW edge.  Nearby cluster galaxies include IC 4045 3' NNW, NGC 4908 2.2' SSE and IC 4040 3' WNW.  This galaxy is identified as NGC 4908 in most modern catalogues (except MCG).

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4051 = Big. 308 on 12 Apr 1891.  Kobold went through the field on 8 and 9 May 1896, though reversed the identities of NGC 4908 and IC 4051 (he added question marks to his identifications, so he was uncertain).  Dreyer used Kobold's position for IC 4051, which matches NGC 4908.  But as William Herschel picked up the brighter galaxy (H. III-363 = NGC 4908), then IC 4051 should apply to the fainter galaxy to the NNW.  As a result, the modern identities are reversed.  See Corwin's and Thomson's identification notes for the full story and my notes on NGC 4908.

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IC 4056 = UGC 8126 = VV 418 = MCG +07-27-012 = KUG 1258+400 = PGC 44810

13 00 44.3 +39 45 15; CVn

V = 15.2;  Size 0.8'x0.6'

 

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus.  A mag 12.4 star is 0.8' N.  Located 6.8' SW of IC 4064, the brightest member of a group of IC galaxies (AWM 6).

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4056 = W. V-159a on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4062 = MCG +07-27-014 = PGC 44836

13 00 58.6 +39 51 32; CVn

V = 15.9;  Size 0.4'x0.4'

 

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter.  Requires averted vision.  Situated just 1.9' NW of IC 4064.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4062 = W. V-162 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4064 = UGC 8131 = MCG +07-27-015 = CGCG 217-006 = PGC 44867

13 01 06.7 +39 50 29; CVn

V = 13.1;  Size 1.7'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 31ˇ

 

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, very small bright core increases to the center.  The halo increases with averted vision and appears somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35".  The galaxy forms a right angle with a mag 10.2 star 1.2' E and a mag 12 star 1.6' S.   Brightest in a small group (AWM 6) of otherwise faint IC galaxies.  IC 4062 is the closest at 1.9' NW, IC 4065 is 5.8' SSE, IC 4056 is 6.8' SW, IC 4068 (often misidentified as IC 4067) is 4.3' NE.  The group resides at a distance of ~500 million l.y.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4064 = W. V-164 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4065 = MCG +07-27-016 = PGC 44868

13 01 11.0 +39 44 40; CVn

V = 14.6;  Size 0.8'x0.5';  PA = 177ˇ

 

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter, compact.  Easily visible as the surface brightness is moderately high.  Located 5.8' SSE of IC 4064, the brightest galaxy in the group (AWM 6).

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4065 = W. V-165 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4068 = MCG +07-27-017 = PGC 44889

13 01 20.2 +39 53 57; CVn

V = 15.1;  Size 0.5'x0.35';  PA = 70ˇ

 

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint but extremely small, 8"-10" diameter (core only?), moderately high surface brightness.  Located 4.3' NE of IC 4064, the brightest in a group of faint IC galaxies (AWM 6).

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4068 = W. V-167 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.  His position is accurate.  This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4067 in PGC, HyperLeda and SIMBAD, despite Wolf's good position.

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IC 4071 = MCG -01-33-073 = PGC 44956

13 02 04.0 -07 36 10; Vir

V = 14.0;  Size 0.6'x0.4'

 

17.5" (5/22/93): faint, small, round.  A mag 13 star is just off the north edge 40" from the center.  Forms a pair with NGC 4925 6.8' SSE.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4071 = D.S. 367 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eeF, eS, considerably elongated at 10ˇ."

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IC 4088 = UGC 8140 = MCG +05-31-102 = CGCG 160-102 = Holm 500a = PGC 44921

13 01 43.4 +29 02 41; Com

V = 13.8;  Size 1.4'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 89ˇ

 

18" (4/30/11): faint, fairly small, elongated at least 2:1 E-W (sometimes appear nearly 3:1), ~0.6'x0.25', fairly low surface brightness.  Located 5.6' SSE of NGC 4913 = IC 843 and 5.6' NW of mag 8.9 HD 113242.

 

Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse, probably discovered IC 4088 = Sf. 3 = Big. 309 on 24 Apr 1865, while observing what he assumed was the NGC 4914 field.  His diagram, though, matches a field 8ˇ further south!  If this identication is correct (proposed by Sue French), then NGC 4913 is a duplicate of IC 843, NGC 4916 = CGCG 160-107 and NGC 4912 is a duplicate of NGC 4922.  IC 4088 is labeled "Beta" in the sketch and noted as the brightest of the nebulae and slightly elongated northwest-southeast.  The actual orientation is west-east.  See notes for NGC 4912.  Truman Safford independently discovered this galaxy, along with IC 842, on 3 May 1866.  Bigourdan made another independent discovery on 13 May 1895.

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IC 4107 = LEDA 87149 = LEDA 86643

13 02 41.8 +21 59 51; Com

V = 17.9;  Size 0.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 17.0

 

48" (4/2/11): Wolfgang Steinicke lists IC 4107 as the faintest galaxy with a photographic magnitude of 18.5.  The SDSS has several entries, so the photometry is unreliable. In any case, it is certainly one of the lowest in surface brightness.

 

It appeared extremely faint and small, round, ~10" (on the SDSS image it appears larger).  The observation required averted vision and the glow was only occasionally glimpsed but the position was verified and I felt confident of the sighting.  Located 1.4ˇ ENE of M64, the Black-Eye Galaxy.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4107 = W. VI-165, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904.

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IC 4134 = NGC 4920 = MCG -02-33-094 = PGC 44958

13 02 04.2 -11 22 42; Vir

V = 13.5;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 170ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 4920.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4134 = Big. 314 on 16 Apr 1895.  THere is nothing near his position and this number was considered lost.  But Corwin found the Bigourdan misidentified his offset star and once this is correct, IC 4134 = NGC 4920.

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IC 4136 = NGC 4942 = MCG -01-33-078 = PGC 45177

13 04 19.1 -07 38 59; Vir

V = 13.8;  Size 1.9'x1.4';  Surf Br = 14.7;  PA = 145ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 4942.  Identification uncertain.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4136 = D.S. 368 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899.  There is nothing near his position.  Harold Corwin suggests IC 4136 may be identical to NGC 4942 and IC 4156 may be NGC 4948.  This requires he made an error of 1ˇ 40' in the declination of both objects.

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IC 4156 = NGC 4948 = MCG -01-33-079 = Holm 505a = LGG 314-005 = PGC 45224

13 04 55.7 -07 56 46; Vir

V = 14.4;  Size 2.3'x0.8';  Surf Br = 14.9;  PA = 130ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 4948.  Identification uncertain.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4156= D.S. 369 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899.  There is nothing near his position.  Harold Corwin suggests IC 4156 may be identical to NGC 4948 and IC 4136 may be NGC 4942.  This requires he made an error of 1ˇ 40' in the declination of both objects.  Stewart mentions a position angle of 140ˇ for this elongated galaxy, which supports this identification.

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IC 4173 = NGC 4933A = Arp 176 NED1 = MCG -02-33-101 = Holm 502b = PGC 45142

13 03 54.7 -11 30 18; Vir

V = 12.6;  Size 0.7'x0.4';  Surf Br = 11.3;  PA = 70ˇ

 

48" (4/21/17): IC 4173 = NGC 4933A is the southwest component of an interacting system.  At 488x it appeared bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter.  Strongly concentrated with a very small bright nucleus and thin halo.  A tidal tail extension (either from NGC 4933A or 4933B) juts out towards the southwest ~20".  On the east side the halo merges with NGC 4933B [centers separated by 45" SW-NE].

 

17.5" (5/17/90): very faint, extremely small, round.  This is the fainter southwestern component of a double system with NGC 4933B in a common halo.

 

Wilhelm Tempel discovered IC 4173 = Big. 315 = NGC 4933sw around 1882 with the 11-inch "Amici I" refractor near Florence, Italy.  In his fifth discovery list, he described in the narrative portion, "In case of nebula NGC 4933 I made the remark years ago: certainly double, has a bright stellar nebula south preceding, 13m in the middle; the north following is large; Distance from each other a little over 1 '. A later remark is: fine elongated nebula with two knots, the brighter one north; on the southern tip of a faint stellar nebula"

 

Bigourdan independently resolved the two components (Big. 315 and 316) on 16 Apr 1895 while searching for NGC 4933, but he assumed these were new objects. Bigourdan is credited with the discovery in the IC.  See NGC 4933 for this story.  Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".

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IC 4176 = NGC 4933B = Arp 176 NED 2 = Holm 502a = MCG -02-33-102 = PGC 45146

13 03 56.7 -11 29 53; Vir

V = 11.7;  Size 1.8'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 45ˇ

 

48" (4/21/17): NGC 4933 is a double system consisting of compact NGC 4933A = IC 4173 on the southwest side and NGC 4933B = IC 4176 on the northeast end, separated by 45" between centers.  At 488x, NGC 4933B appeared bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.7'.  Sharply concentrated with an intensely bright nucleus.  The north side has a sharper light cut off [due to dust].  Located 7' NE of mag 7.9 HD 113425.

 

17.5" (5/17/90): moderately bright, moderately large, dominated by a bright core, faint extensions 2:1 SW-NE.  Forms a contact pair with IC 4173 at the west edge in a common halo (Arp 176).

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4176 = Big. 316, along with IC 4173 = Big. 315, on 16 Apr 1895.  There is nothing near his positions for either object, but Harold Corwin found that Bigourdan misidentified his offset star.  Once corrected his position corresponds with the two components of NGC 4933, with IC 4176 the brighter and larger northeastern galaxy. Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".

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IC 4180 = ESO 508-005 = MCG -04-31-029 = LGG 332-001 = PGC 45408

13 06 56.5 -23 55 01; Hya

V = 12.6;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 163ˇ

 

24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright, elongated ~5:3 NNW-SSE ~50"x30".  Well concentrated with a small, roundish bright core and stellar nucleus.  NGC 4970 is 10' SE and IC 4197 is 17' NE. Member of the LGG 332 group, which also includes NGC 4968 and NGC 4993.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4180 = Sw. 11-148, along with IC 4196 (= NGC 4970) and IC 4197, on 27 Feb 1898.  He noted "eeF; eS; R: 1st of 3" and his RA is just 8 seconds too small.

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IC 4182 = UGC 8188 = MCG +06-29-031 = CGCG 189-020 = LGG 334-013 = PGC 45314

13 05 49.5 +37 36 16; CVn

V = 12.5;  Size 6.0'x5.5';  Surf Br = 16.1

 

24" (5/22/17): at 124x; fairly faint, very large, very diffuse oval glow, roughly 4.5'x3.5' diameter E-W,  This low surface brightness dwarf is a bit patchy or uneven but there no distinct core or nucleus was visible.  A bright mag 11 star is superimposed on the southeast side and a mag 12 star is on the northeast side.  IC 4182 is a nearby galaxy (~15 million l.y.) and a member of the Canes Venatici I cloud.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4182 = W. V-216 from a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.

 

Fritz Zwicky discovered the type-Ia SN 1937D in IC 4172, during his early search for supernovae using the 18-inch Schmidt telescope at Palomar.  It reached mag 8.6, several magnitudes brighter than the entire galaxy, and was the brightest one discovered at that point in the 20th century.  It was used to calibrate the absolute magnitudes of Type Ia SN.

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IC 4191 = PK 304-4.1 = ESO 096-2 = PN G304.5-04.8

13 08 47.4 -67 38 37; Mus

V = 10.6;  Size 18"x11"

 

18" (7/7/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this bright, compact planetary was picked up by blinking with an OIII filter at 128x.  IC 4191 forms the northern vertex of a small, distinctive triangle with a mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE and a slightly fainter mag 11 star 1.6' SSW.  Excellent contrast gain of 2-3 magnitudes using the OIII filter.  Without a filter, the planetary has that distinctive bluish color of planetaries and is slightly non-stellar with an extremely high surface brightness.  At 293x a very small disc, perhaps 4"-5" in size is visible.  The magnitude appears very similar to the mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE.  Located 40' WNW of mag 4.8 Eta Muscae.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4191 = Fleming 107 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 124).

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IC 4196 = NGC 4970 = ESO 508-009 = MCG -04-31-033 = LGG 332-008 = PGC 45466

13 07 33.7 -24 00 31; Hya

V = 12.2;  Size 1.8'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 137ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 4970.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4196 = Sw. 11-149, along with IC 4180 and 4197, on 27 Feb 1898.  He noted "eeF eS; R; 11m * near p[receding]; 2nd of 3."  His position is just 10 seconds of RA east of NGC 4970 and the description matches.  Howe reexamined the field the following year and noted "The "11m * nr p" is of mag 12, and precedes 11 seconds, 0.3' north.".  Neither Swift, Howe or Dreyer suggested IC 4196 = NGC 4970.

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IC 4197 = ESO 508-013 = MCG -04-31-036 = LGG 332-003 = PGC 45514

13 08 04.3 -23 47 49; Hya

V = 12.5;  Size 1.5'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 162ˇ

 

24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, ~50"x20", good-sized brighter core (roundish) that brightens gradually to the center.  Mag 7.5 HD 114116 is 8.4' ESE.  IC 4180 lies 17' SW and NGC 4970 is 15' SSW. Member of the LGG 332 group.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4197 = Sw. 11-150 on 27 Feb 1898.  He noted "eeF; eS; R; 8m * 37 seconds following; 3rd of 3 [with IC 4180 and IC 4196 = NGC 4970]."  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 that Dreyer used for the IC 2 coordinates.

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IC 4198 = NGC 4979 = UGC 8209 = MCG +04-31-007 = CGCG 130-009 = PGC 45484

13 07 42.8 +24 48 38; Com

V = 13.9;  Size 1.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 100ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 4979.

 

Stephane Javelle found IC 4198 = J. 3-1235 on 20 Jun 1895.  His position as well as description ("F, cS, R") matches NGC 4979 = UGC 8209, though he added the comment "III 346 [NGC 4979] nr", implying he observed two objects.  But there is only a single galaxy here, so IC 4198 = NGC 4979.  Perhaps Javelle was misled by the poor NGC position for 4979.  Dreyer was the first to suggest the equivalence in his 1912 NGC Correction list.

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IC 4202 = UGC 8220 = CGCG 130-012 = MCG +04-31-008 = FGC 1568 = PGC 45549

13 08 31.6 +24 42 03; Com

V = 14.2;  Size 1.7'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 143ˇ

 

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 40"x8".  Appears as a thin streak of moderate surface brightness.  NGC 4979 is 13' NW.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4202 = J. 3-1236 on 20 Jun 1895.  His position and description matches UGC 8220.

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IC 4205 = IC 853 = UGC 8230 = MCG +09-22-019 = CGCG 271-018 = PGC 45560

13 08 41.7 +52 46 27; UMa

V = 13.6;  Size 1.1'x1.0'

 

24" (7/23/20): at 260x; fairly faint, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter central region and a faint stellar nucleus.  Overall the galaxy is diffuse with a fairly low surface brightness.  A mag 12.4 star is 3.8' NE.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4205 = Sw. 11-151 on 23 May 1897 and described it as "vF, pL, R".  His position was 5' due north of IC 853, discovered 7 years earlier by his son Edward.  His position was close enough the Dreyer questioned if it was the same as IC 853 in the IC description.  It is, as there are no other candidates nearby and the description fits.

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IC 4210 = NGC 5004B = MCG +05-31-148 = CGCG 160-155 = Holm 511c = WBL 434-001 = PGC 45742

13 10 47.6 +29 42 36; Com

V = 14.2;  Size 0.8'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 0ˇ

 

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; very faint to faint, small, elongated ~4:3 N-S, ~24"x18", low surface brightness, very weak nucleus.  A mag 15.2 star is 0.8' SSE.  Situated 5.3' NW of NGC 5004 and faintest in a trio with NGC 5004A.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4210 = Big. 410 on 23 Apr 1897.  He noted it was diffuse, 30" diameter, weak concentration.

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IC 4213 = UGC 8280 = MCG +06-29-057 = CGCG 189-039 = LGG 334-008 = PGC 45848

13 12 11.2 +35 40 11; CVn

V = 13.3;  Size 2.5'x0.5';  PA = 175ˇ

 

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly large, thin ghostly edge-on, ~1.8'x0.35', very low surface brightness. No noticeable bulge or core, though the central region is slightly brighter than the extensions.  Located 57' SSW of NGC 5033 and a member of the NGC 5033 Group (LGG 334) at a distance of 40 to 60 million l.y.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4213 = J. 3-1237 on 15 Jun 1903.  His computed RA is 10 seconds too large.

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IC 4214 = ESO 444-005 = MCG -05-31-043 = PGC 46304

13 17 42.7 -32 06 06; Cen

V = 11.4;  Size 2.2'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 167ˇ

 

24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 375x; bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 N-S, ~2'x1'.  Very strong concentration with a bright oval core and an intense nucleus.  The halo faces out without a well defined edge.  A mag 11.2 star is off the SSE end [1.6' from center].  IC 4219 is 30' NNE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4214 = Sw. 11-152, along with IC 4219, on 31 Dec 1897.  He noted "pB; pS; R; 9m star near south following; north preceding of 2 [with IC 4219]."  There is nothing at his position but exactly 1 min of RA following is ESO 444-005 = PGC 46304 and his description fits, although it should read "south preceding of 2".

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IC 4219 = ESO 444-006 = MCG -05-31-044 = PGC 46363

13 18 29.7 -31 37 51; Cen

V = 13.0;  Size 1.1'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.8

 

24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 30"-35" diameter, diffuse appearance with a nearly even surface brightness.  A mag 11 star is 2' SW.  IC 4214 lies 30' SSW.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4219 = Sw. 11-153, along with IC 4214, on 31 Dec 1897.  He noted "eeeF, pL, R, 9m * near south preceding, south following of 2 [with IC 4214]." There is nothing at his position but 52 seconds (time) of RA east (similar offset as IC 4214) is ESO 444-006 = PGC 46363 and his description fits, althouth the orientation is "north following of 2".

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IC 4222 = IC 879 = ESO 508-047 = MCG -04-31-052 = LGG 341-003 = PGC 46479

13 19 40.6 -27 25 44; Hya

V = 13.1;  Size 1.2'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 102ˇ

 

See observing notes for IC 879.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4222 = Sw. 11-154 on 28 Mar 1898 and reported "eeeF; eS; R; [NGC] 5078 near nf."  There is nothing near his position, which is 1 degree south of NGC 5078, but making this correction clinches the identification with IC 879, found 10 years earlier at Leander McCormick Observatory. See IC 879 for more.

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IC 4233 = NGC 5124 = ESO 444-027 = MCG -05-32-009 = LGG 351-002 = AM 1322-300 = PGC 46902

13 24 50.4 -30 18 27; Cen

V = 12.1;  Size 2.2'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 9ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 5124.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4233 = Sw. 11-155 on 31 Dec 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; trapezium near sf."  There is nothing at his position, but 50 seconds of RA east is NGC 5124 and his description matches if the trapezium is due south.

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IC 4234 = MCG +05-32-011 = CGCG 161-038 = PGC 46761

13 22 59.9 +27 06 59; Com

V = 14.0;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 27ˇ

 

18" (6/21/03): faint, very small, irregular round, 15" diameter.  Brightens somewhat to a faint stellar nucleus at 323x.  Located 8' N of NGC 5116 and 11' ESE of mag 9.2 SAO 82802.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4234 = J. 3-1244 on 11 Jun 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 4236 = NGC 5118 = UGC 8413 = MCG +01-34-019 = CGCG 044-078 = PGC 46782

13 23 27.5 +06 23 33; Vir

V = 13.7;  Size 0.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 100ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 5118.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4236 = Sw. 11-156 on 22 May 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; eE; in vacancy; v diff[icult]."  There is nothing at his position, but exactly 10' N is NGC 5118.  The description "eE" doesn't apply to this roundish galaxy, though in his earlier discovery list 1 from Lowe Observatory he only calls the nebula "cE" or "considerably elongated".  See Harold Corwin's notes for more, but IC 4236 is very likely a duplicate of NGC 5118.

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IC 4237 = ESO 576-048 = MCG -03-34-068 = PGC 46878

13 24 32.6 -21 08 12; Vir

V = 12.4;  Size 2.0'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 140ˇ

 

17.5" (5/19/01): faint but moderately large glow, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, no central concentration.  Located 11' due west of brighter NGC 5134 and 15' SE of a mag 6.5 star.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4237 = Big. 317 on 9 May 1896.

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IC 4239 = MCG +05-32-015 = CGCG 161-045 = PGC 46872

13 24 25.5 +30 57 33; CVn

V = 14.3;  Size 0.8'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 145ˇ

 

18" (6/21/03): extremely faint, very small, 0.4'x0.3'.  Low, even surface brightness, requires averted vision.  Located 6.3' ESE of NGC 5131.  IC 4240, just 1.2' NNE, was not noticed.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4239 = J. 3-1246 on 30 Jun 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.  UGC has a typo and labels IC 4220 as IC 4239.

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IC 4261 = ESO 444-054 = MCG -05-32-032 = PGC 47392

13 29 47.6 -28 00 23; Hya

V = 13.5;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 140ˇ

 

17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.5'x0.3', low even surface brightness.  Located 14' NW of NGC 5182.

 

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4261 = F. 1056 on a plate taken 4 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station.  He noted "bM, magn 14."

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IC 4263 = UGC 8470 = MCG +08-25-007 = CGCG 246-004 = PGC 47270

13 28 33.2 +46 55 37; CVn

V = 14.5;  Size 2.0'x0.4';  Surf Br = 14.2;  PA = 105ˇ

 

17.5" (5/10/86): extremely faint, edge-on streak WNW-ESE, averted vision required.  Located 20' SW of M51!

 

James Keeler discovered IC 4263 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory.  (MN, 59, 1899, pg 537).  He described it as "spindle-shaped; diam. = 0.2'." with an additional note "long and narrow, with a bright, somewhat irregular axis."  It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue of as #667 of 744 new "nebulae".  UGC has a typo and labels this galaxy IC 4563.  MCG +08-25-007 is not identified as IC 4263.

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IC 4274 = NGC 5189 = PK 307-3.1 = PN G307.2-03.4 = Gum 47 = Ced 123 = RCW 76 = ESO 096-16 = Spiral Planetary

13 33 32.8 -65 58 27; Mus

V = 9.5;  Size 185"x130"

 

See observing notes for NGC 5189.

 

Williamina Fleming found IC 4274 = Fleming 93 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station in 1901 and reported it as new in Harvard Circular 60.  Dreyer missed the equivalence in position with NGC 5189.  The North Polar Distance in the IC has a typo of 115ˇ.  It should read 155ˇ based on the original position, matching NGC 5189.

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IC 4277 = LEDA 4662915

13 30 16.6 +47 18 52; CVn

Size 0.7'x0.15';  PA = 95ˇ

 

48" (4/2/11): fainter of two IC galaxies very near M51.  At 488x it appeared extremely faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 E-W, 30"x8".  Located 4' NE of the center of NGC 5195, not far from the faint streamers that extend north from NGC 5195.  This galaxy is not listed in any modern catalogue or survey except for an entry in NED and HyperLeda.

 

James Keeler discovered IC 4277 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "very narrow; length = 0.6'." It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #668 of 744 new "nebulae".

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IC 4278 = LEDA 2294907

13 30 27.5 +47 14 49; CVn

V = 16.6;  Size 0.4'x0.4'

 

48" (4/2/11): brighter of two IC galaxies (along with IC 4277) very near M51.  This small galaxy is located just 6.7' NW of the center of M51 and 5' ESE of NGC 5195.  At 488x it was easily visible as a faint, small, round glow, 12" diameter, contains a small bright core.  About 2' N is a triangle of mag 13.3/15.5/16 stars (sides 1'-1.5').

 

James Keeler discovered IC 4278 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "round; diam = 0.2'; central condensation".  It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #669 of 744 new "nebulae".

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IC 4280 = ESO 509-054 = AM 1330-235 = MCG -04-32-036 = PGC 47688

13 32 53.4 -24 12 26; Hya

V = 12.5;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.3

 

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright, slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, broad and weak concentration. The appearance is a bit irregular and slightly mottled.  Mag 10.7 HD 117802 is 3.8' ENE and a mag 13 star is 1.7' N.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4280 = Sw. 11-157 on 23 May 1898 and reported "eF; pS; R; vF * near n[orth] and brighter one nf [north-following]."  His RA was 23 seconds too small, but the description is a perfect match.

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IC 4291 = ESO 132-015 = Pismis 18 = C1333-619

13 36 55 -62 05 36; Cen

V = 9.7;  Size 4'

 

18" (4/1/19 - OzSky): at 182x; very elongated cluster in a triangular, wedge-shaped outline with the brightest mag 10.8 star at the NE tip.  Five additional stars are close by to the south.  Another small group of stars forms the west vertex, with these stars detached from the first group by a noticeable gap or hole in the cluster.  A few additional stars form the eastern side of the triangle.  Perhaps 20-25 stars in total were resolved.

 

Robert Innes discovered IC 4291 visually in 1901 using the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope.  He remarked, "this is a small round nebula about 1' in diameter, brighter towards the centre."  Harold Corwin notes that although Innes' description seems to refer to a small nebula or galaxy, this is a open cluster spanning 4' or 5', with a brighter  core of 2'.

 

Paris Pismis reported it as new in her 1959 list of 24 new clusters found with the Schmidt camera at the Tonantzila observatory and noted Pismis 18 as "Six stars brighter than 10.5m to 12m; the brightness of the members gradually declines."

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IC 4296 = ESO 383-039 = MCG -06-30-016 = PGC 48040

13 36 39.1 -33 57 59; Cen

V = 10.6;  Size 3.4'x3.2';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

17.5" (4/21/01): moderately bright, moderately large, at least 2' diameter, round, bright core, stellar nucleus.  IC 4296 is a giant elliptical and the brightest member of AGC 3565, as well as the group LGG 353 (part of the Centaurus-Hydra supercluster).  Forms a pair with IC 4299 6' SSE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4296 = Sw. 11-158, along with IC 4299, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "pF; pS; R."  His position is 7' too far south, misplacing IC 4296 ~2' SW of IC 4297.  Howe examined the field in 1900 and reported, "there is an error of about 7' in the declination given in A.N. 3517, the nebula being north of the position there given."

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IC 4299 = ESO 383-042 = MCG -06-30-017 = PGC 48057

13 36 47.5 -34 03 58; Cen

V = 12.6;  Size 1.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 58ˇ

 

17.5" (4/21/01): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'.  Moderate concentration with a small brighter core.  Located 6' SSE of IC 4296 in AGC 3565.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4299 = Sw. 11-159, along with IC 4296, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "eeeF; eeS; like D * one nebulous."  Howe examined the field in 1900 and noted "of this the discoverer says "like a D *, one nebulous."  I cannot perceive this appearance."  Howe was correct - there is no nearby star, despite Swift including it in a short paper on "Remarkable Nebulae" in the 1902 Popular Astronomy.

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IC 4300 = MCG +06-30-048 = PGC 47912

13 35 25.2 +33 25 11; CVn

V = 15.1;  Size 0.4'x0.3';  PA = 163ˇ

 

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, extremely small, round, ~8" diameter.  Westernmost and smallest member of the IC 4304 group and situated 7' WSW of IC 4304.  The redshift of this galaxy is 60%  greater than the other members of the sextet, so it likely is a background object.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4300 = J. 3-1261 on 16 Jun 1903.  His position is accurate.  The other members of the IC 4304 group were discovered earlier on 1 Jul 1896.

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IC 4301 = UGC 8579 = MCG +06-30-050 = PGC 47936

13 35 35.8 +33 22 28; CVn

V = 14.7;  Size 1.2'x0.3';  PA = 130ˇ

 

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, fairly small, very elongated ~3:1 NW-SE, 21"x7", nearly even surface brightness.  Located 5.7' SW of IC 4304 in a sextet of IC galaxies.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4301 = J. 3-1262, along with IC 4302, 4304, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896.  His position is accurate.  The UGC position is 5' too far south and corresponds with a faint galaxy that NED (but not HyperLeda) identifies as IC 4301.

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IC 4302 = UGC 8580 = MCG +06-30-051 = FGC 1641 = PGC 47935

13 35 35.9 +33 28 46; CVn

V = 15.1;  Size 1.4'x0.17';  PA = 126ˇ

 

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; extremely faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, ~20"x5", very low surface brightness requiring averted vision.  Located 4.7' W of IC 4305 in the IC 4304 sextet.  IC 4302 is one of the faintest superthins I've observed in the 24"!

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4302 = J. 3-1263, along with IC 4301, 4304, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4304 = UGC 8586 = MCG +06-30-055 = CGCG 190-032 = WBL 457-001 = PGC 47980

13 35 57.9 +33 25 48; CVn

V = 13.7;  Size 1.2'x0.4';  PA = 41ˇ

 

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 45"x15", small bright core, stellar nucleus.  Brightest in a group of six IC galaxies including IC 4306 4.6' E, IC 4305 2.8' N and IC 4301 5.7' SW, all within an 11' x 6' region (elongated E-W).

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4304 = J. 3-1264, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4305 = MCG +06-30-054 = CGCG 190-033 = WBL 457-002 = PGC 47981

13 35 58.4 +33 28 26; CVn

V = 13.7;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  PA = 173ˇ

 

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, stellar nucleus.  In a group of IC galaxies with IC 4304 2.8' S and IC 4302 4.7' W.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4305 = J. 3-1265, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4306 = MCG +06-30-058 = CGCG 190-035 = WBL 457-003 = PGC 48015

13 36 19.6 +33 25 24; CVn

V = 14.5;  Size 1.1'x0.35';  PA = 81ˇ

 

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~15"x10" (core region only), very faint stellar nucleus.  I didn't pick up the very low surface brightness arms.  A mag 14 star (close double) is less than 1' W.  Located 4.6' E of IC 4304 in a group of 6 IC galaxies.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4306 = J. 3-1266, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4305, on 1 Jul 1896.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4307 = MCG +05-32-043 = CGCG 161-088 = PGC 48032

13 36 36.1 +27 14 32; Boo

V = 14.1;  Size 0.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.0

 

17.5" (5/11/02): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness.  A mag 14 star is 1.6' W.  Located 15' SW of NGC 5251.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4307 = J. 3-1267 on 7 May 1904 and reported "F, 25" to 30", elongated E-W, * 11 p 6 secs."

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IC 4329 = ESO 445-046 = MCG -05-33-019 = LGG 357-010 = PGC 49025

13 49 05.3 -30 17 45; Cen

V = 11.3;  Size 3.4'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 63ˇ

 

17.5" (3/12/88): fairly faint, fairly small, oval WSW-ENE, bright core, stellar nucleus.  Forms a pair with IC 4329A 3' E.  This galaxy is the brightest in the IC 4329 cluster (AGC 3574).

 

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4329 = Ho. III-20 on 21 Jun 1900 with the 20-inch Clark refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado.  He noted "F, cS, bM" and measured an accurate position, though he missed IC 4329A.

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IC 4333 = ESO 008-005 = PGC 50242

14 05 20.6 -84 16 22; Oct

V = 13.4;  Size 1.6'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 62ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 5:1 (SW-NE), ~1.25'x0.25', brighter bulging core, tapers at the tips.  Located 20' NW of mag 6.8 HD 122470.  In a fairly rich star field.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4333 = D.S. 382 on a plate taken 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, vS, extremely extended at 40ˇ, position approximate, susp."

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IC 4337 = CGCG 102-071 = WBL 470-006 = PGC 49253

13 52 19.3 +14 16 19; Boo

V = 14.3;  Size 0.75'x0.35';  PA = 106ˇ

 

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint or fairly faint, small, roundish, 20" diameter, weak concentration.  Member of the WBL 470 group with IC 946 10' S and IC 948 11' SSE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4337 = Sw. 11-160 on 25 Jun 1897 and reported "eeeF; pL; R; eee diff; 3rd of 4; others in Index Cat."  His position is 2' too far NW.

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IC 4338 = NGC 5334 = UGC 8790 = MCG +00-35-024 = CGCG 017-088 = PGC 49308

13 52 54.5 -01 06 52; Vir

V = 11.3;  Size 4.2'x3.0';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 15ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 5334.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4338 = Sw. 11-161 on 20 Apr 1897 and recorded "vL, eF, C E n & s; in field with 5334.  A F st close to each end of major axis."  His RA is just 0.2 minutes west of NGC 5334.  In his earlier Lowe Observatory discovery list, he has a note reading "This is a remarkable object.  I have never seen one just like it.  It resembles an elliptical planetary nebula.  The light is evenly diffused, and the limb sharp as a planet.  Strange, Sir William Herschel missed it, being so near his III 665 [NGC 5334].  Munich 9619 is nf 121 seconds."  But there is only one galaxy here, so it's unclear what other object Swift is referring to.  See Harold Corwin's notes.  The discovery date may be 30 Apr 1897 as Swift stated in his second list of Lowe Observatory discoveries.  There was a 6 month gap in his discoveries due to a trip back east and his wife's death.

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IC 4342 = MCG +04-33-021 = CGCG 132-039 = PGC 49425

13 54 22.1 +25 09 11; Boo

V = 14.6;  Size 0.8'x0.3'

 

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter.  Located just south of a small group of stars including mag 8.8 SAO 83071 3.3' NNE and mag 9.2 SAO 83068 4' N.  First in a group of 7 IC galaxies and HCG 69!

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4342 = J. 3-1279, along with IC 4343, 4344, 4345, 4346, 4348 and 4349, on 15 Jun 1895.

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IC 4343 = MCG +04-33-024 = CGCG 132-044 = PGC 49470

13 54 55.8 +25 07 22; Boo

V = 14.2;  Size 0.7'x0.4'

 

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, very weak concentration.  Nearly collinear with two mag 10-11 stars 6.5' and 9' S.  In a group of 7 IC galaxies as well as HCG 69.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4343 = J. 3-1280 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4344 = MCG +04-33-026 = CGCG 132-045 = Holm 556b = PGC 49492

13 55 12.6 +25 01 18; Boo

V = 13.9;  Size 0.9'x0.8'

 

17.5" (4/13/96): very faint, very small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness.  Located 1.8' S of brighter IC 4345 and 1.1' following a mag 11.5 star.  Also in field with HCG 69 group 5' E.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4344 = J. 3-1281 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4345 = MCG +04-33-025 = CGCG 132-046 = Holm 556a = PGC 95536

13 55 13.4 +25 03 07; Boo

V = 13.3;  Size 0.9'x0.9'

 

17.5" (4/13/96): brightest member of a cluster including HCG 69 close following. Fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.6'.  Sharp concentration with a very small bright core. Located 2.3' NNE mag 11.5 star.  Forms a pair with IC 4344 1.8' S.  HCG 69 is less than 5' E.  RC3 and PGC misidentify IC 4345 with HCG 69b.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4345 = J. 3-1282 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.  He noted "cF, vS, R, N, stell."  PGC and RC3 (and secondary sources such as Megastar software) misidentifies HCG 69B as IC 4345.  HCG 69B is situated 4.8' E of IC 4345.

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IC 4346 = MCG +04-33-029 = CGCG 132-049 = PGC 49523

13 55 40.6 +25 09 11; Boo

V = 14.3;  Size 0.8'x0.5';  PA = 0ˇ

 

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness.  First of three in a close trio with IC 4349 1.3' E and IC 4348.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4346 = J. 3-1283 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4347 = NGC 5367 = Bernes 147 = ESO 325-36

13 57 44 -39 58 42; Cen

Size 4'x3'

 

See observing notes for NGC 5367.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4347 = Sw. 11-162 on 30 Dec 1897 and reported an "8m * in center of eeeF nebulosity".  He added the note "This is a perect speciment of a nebulous star, and the only one I have ever found, and a beautiful one it is."  His position is just off the southwest side of NGC 5367 and the description matches.  In his earlier 7th discovery list from Lowe he added the comment "An 8m star follows 15s, which was free from nebulosity."  Swift included this object in a short article in the 1902 Popular Astronomy titled "Remarkable Nebulae".  He wrote "this is a beautiful nebulous star of the 8th mag exactly in the center of a nebulous atmosphere, whose outlines are a sharp as the planet Jupiter."

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IC 4348 = MCG +04-33-030 = CGCG 132-050 = PGC 49531

13 55 45.1 +25 12 11; Boo

V = 14.3;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  PA = 131ˇ

 

17.5" (6/8/96): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, even surface brightness.  Located 3.1' N of IC 4386 and furthest north in a group of 7 IC galaxies and HCG 69.  Very compact CGCG 132-055 at 15.7z lies 5.5' E (not seen).

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4348 = J. 3-1284 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4349 = MCG +04-33-032 = CGCG 132-051 = PGC 49530

13 55 46.3 +25 09 07; Boo

V = 14.4;  Size 0.9'x0.4';  PA = 119ˇ

 

17.5" (6/8/96): brightest and largest of a close trio within the IC 4345 cluster.  Faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 40"x25".  IC 4346 lies 1.3' W and IC 4348 3.1' N.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4349 = J. 3-1285 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4350 = ESO 510-022 = AM 1354-250 = MCG -04-33-019 = PGC 49628

13 57 13.9 -25 14 45; Hya

V = 12.7;  Size 1.6'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 136ˇ

 

14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; between faint and fairly faint, small, roundish (core region only).  A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge and hindered the view. Occasionally, I had a brief glimpse of the outer halo.  Two mag 10 stars are 4' N and 5' NW.  Located 24' SW of mag 5.2 47 Hydrae.

 

48" (5/8/21): at 488x; moderately bright, contains a fairly small oval core 3:2 NW-SE, ~0.4' diameter.  The outer envelope was faint and slightly more elongated, ~50"x30".  A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge.

 

IC 4350 (often called AM -1310-250) is a collisional ring galaxy with a active star-forming ring.  The collider (similar redshift) is likely LEDA 781321 just 1.6' NE.  It appeared faint, very small, round, 10" diameter. A mag 16 star is 40" N.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4350 = Sw. 11-163 on 21 Apr 1898 and noted "eeeF; eeeS; like a D * n, n[orth] one a nebula."  Despite being discovered within the last couple months of observing career, when many of his positions were quite poor, Swift was off by less than 2' in this case.  He added a note (along with several other discoveries) that at first glance this nebula appeared like a double star.

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IC 4351 = ESO 445-084 = MCG -05-33-034 = UGCA 376 = FGCE 1116 = PGC 49676

13 57 53.8 -29 18 55; Hya

V = 11.7;  Size 6.0'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 17ˇ

 

13.1" (4/10/86): fairly faint, very elongated streak 5:1 SSW-NNE.  A mag 13.5 star is off the east edge of the core.

 

Robert Innes discovered IC 4351 in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope.  He was searching for NGC 5351 and reported finding "a small elliptical nebula near two 10th mag star.  This is 1ˇ different [north] from h's declination [for NGC 5357]."

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IC 4352 = ESO 384-022 = MCG -06-31-007 = PGC 49726

13 58 25.1 -34 31 02; Cen

V = 12.7;  Size 1.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 88ˇ

 

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; almost moderately bright (easy direct vision), very elongated ~3:1 E-W. ~50"x15".  A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the NE side. A string of stars trending WSW to ENE is a couple of arc minutes north, with a mag 11 star at the ENE end.  IC 4352 forms the S vertex of an isosceles triangle with mag 7.5 HD 121760 8' NNW and mag 7.8 HD 121833 8' NNE.

 

ESO 384-019, located 20' NW, appeared moderately bright, round, ~35" diameter, small bright nucleus.  A mag 14.5 star is just off the SE side.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4352 = Sw. 11-164 on 19 May 1898 and reported "several eF st[ars] in eeF neb; 2 8m st n[orth]."  His position is 3' SW of ESO 384-022 and his description is a perfect match.

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IC 4356 = PGC 49759

13 58 45.0 +37 29 28 ; CVn

V = 15.3;  Size 0.4'x0.3'

 

48" (4/1/11): picked up while observing the beautiful NGC 5395/5394 interacting pair.  At 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter.  Located 4' NNE of the center of NGC 5395.

 

18" (5/3/08): extremely faint and small knot, 10" diameter, required averted vision.  Located 4' NNE of NGC 5395/94 interacting pair (Arp 84).

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4356 = J. 3-1287 on 19 Jun 1897.  His declination is off by 1' (error in position of his reference star).

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IC 4358 = MCG -02-36-004 = PGC 50092

14 03 34.2 -10 09 04; Vir

V = 14.1;  Size 1.3'x0.3';  PA = 112ˇ

 

24" (6/15/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, thin edge-on 7:2 WNW-ESE, 0.7'x0.2', weak concentration.  Located 4.6' WSW of brighter IC 971.

 

Max Wolf discovered IC 4358 photographically in Apr 1905.  The discovery was mentioned in the note "Ein schšner Spiralnebel" (AN 168 [4013], 75), which describes IC 971.  DeLisle Stewart reported the galaxy as found on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station, taken in 1899, but not published until 1908.  It was described as "eeF, vS, considerably elongated at 110á."

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IC 4364 = MCG -02-36-009 = PGC 50149

14 04 19.7 -09 59 36; Vir

V = 14.1;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 75ˇ

 

24" (6/15/15): at 260x; faint, fairly small, roundish, low even surface brightness, 25" diameter.  Located 11' NE of brighter IC 971.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4364 = D.S. 387 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, vS, R."

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IC 4365 = NGC 5437 = MCG +02-36-028 = CGCG 074-074 = WBL 486-025 = PGC 50113

14 03 47.3 +09 31 25; Boo

V = 14.1;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 0ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 5437.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4365 = Big. 319 on 12 May 1896 while searching for Tempel's NGC 5436, 5437 and 5438.  He reported Big. 319 as a "mag 13.4 star accompanied by very faint nebulosity of 25" to 30" in diameter. The area where this object is located needs to be examined with a more powerful instrument."  Corwin writes that although Bigourdan's positions are good for all three objects, Big. 319 refers to NGC 5437.  See Corwin's notes for additional errors made by Bigourdan.  LEDA and SIMBAD only use the NGC designation for this galaxy.

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IC 4367 = ESO 325-051 = MCG -06-31-021 = PGC 50266

14 05 36.6 -39 12 12; Cen

V = 12.3;  Size 1.8'x1.5';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; appeared fairly faint at a low altitude (12ˇ), oval 4:3 N-S, slightly brighter core, overall fairly low surface brightness.  Situated in a rich Centaurus star field with mag 9.5 HD 122918 4' S, a mag 9.7 star 4.7' E and a mag 10.8 star 5' W.  Nearby is a mag 14 star 1' SE, two mag 15 stars 1' NE and additional stars within 2' to the west.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4367 = Sw. 11-165 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported "eeF; pS; R; between 2 stars near center of trapezoid."  His position is just 1' E of center.

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IC 4369 = HCG 70E = MCG +06-31-058 = PGC 50134

14 04 05.9 +33 19 14; CVn

V = 15.2;  Size 0.4'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.1

 

24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; appeared fairly faint at a low altitude (12ˇ), oval 4:3 N-S, slightly brighter core, overall fairly low surface brightness.  Situated in a rich Centaurus star field with mag 9.5 HD 122918 4' S, a mag 9.7 star 4.7' E and a mag 10.8 star 5' W.  Nearby is a mag 14 star 1' SE, two mag 15 stars 1' NE and additional stars within 2' to the west.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4367 = Sw. 11-165 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported "eeF; pS; R; between 2 stars near center of trapezoid."  His position is just 1' E of center.

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IC 4369 = HCG 70E = MCG +06-31-058 = PGC 50134

14 04 05.9 +33 19 14; CVn

V = 15.2;  Size 0.4'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.1

 

48" (5/12/18): at 488x; moderately to fairly bright, slightly elongated N-S, ~25"x20", very small bright core, stellar nucleus.  This member of the HCG 70 septet (two overlapping groups at vastly different distances) is nearly at the midpoint of IC 4371 1.4' SE and HCG 70G 1.4' NW.  It also forms the right angle of a 45-45-90 triangle with UGC 8990 = HCG 70A 1.3' NE and IC 4371 1.3' SE.

 

18" (5/15/10): at 285x, this member of HCG 70 appeared extremely faint and small, round, just 6" diameter.  Forms the western vertex of a small isosceles triangle with HCG 70B and HCG 70A/D [1.3' NW of 70B and 1.3' SW of 70A].  IC 4369 and IC 4370 are the two faintest of the four members viewed in HCG 70.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4369 = J. 3-1289, along with IC 4370 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896.  His position is an exact match with Hickson 70E = PGC 50134.  Despite the good IC position, UGC misidentifies PGC 50134 as IC 4371 and UGC, CGCG and MCG misidentify PGC 50140 as IC 4369.

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IC 4370 = HCG 70D = MCG +06-31-060 = CGCG 191-046n = PGC 50138

14 04 09.9 +33 20 45; CVn

V = 15.3;  Size 0.4'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 96ˇ

 

48" (5/12/18): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration.  Situated just 30" N of UGC 8990 = HCG 70A.

 

18" (5/15/10): at 285x the "D" component of HCG 70 appeared extremely faint and small, round, just 10" diameter.  Just large enough to be distinguished as a nebulous object.  Forms a close pair with HCG 70A = UGC 8992 just 30" S.

 

17.5" (4/18/98): faintest of three members of HCG 70 viewed with certainty.  This object was just glimpsed as an extremely faint "star" just off the north side of the edge-on UGC 8990 = HCG 70A.  This "detection" was repeated several times but was much more difficult than 70A.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4370 = J. 3-1290, along with IC 4369 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896.  He described it as "faint, irregular form, 25"-30", gradually brighter in the middle, near a mag 14 star."  His position is an exact match with HCG 70D = PGC 50138.  Curiously, he apparently missed Hickson 70A just 30" S, although the mag 14 "star" in his description probably refers to this galaxy, as there are no nearby stars.  UGC, CGCG and HyperLEDA misidentify PGC 50138 as IC 4371.

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IC 4371 = HCG 70B = Holm 579a = MCG +06-31-061 = CGCG 191-045 = PGC 50140

14 04 10.9 +33 18 28; CVn

V = 14.1;  Size 0.8'x0.55';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 50ˇ

 

48" (5/12/18): at 488x; bright to very bright, moderately large, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4'. A mag 11 star is 2.3' due south.  HCG 70A (often misidentified as IC 4371) is 1.8' due north.

 

18" (5/15/10): largest and brightest member of HCG 70.  At 285x appeared faint, fairly small, sharply concentrated with a bright core and faint halo 4:3 SW-NE, ~30"x22".  A mag 11 star (SAO 63918) lies 2.3' S.

 

17.5" (4/18/98): the largest member of  HCG 70 group appears faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 40"x25".  Situated midway between the HCG 70A/D pair 2' N and a mag 10-11 2' S.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4371 = J. 3-1291, along with IC 4369 and 4370, on 3 Jul 1896.  His position is an exact match with Hickson 70B = PGC 50140.  Despite the good IC position, UGC, CGCG, MCG, PGC and HyperLEDA misidentify PGC 50140 as IC 4369.

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IC 4374 = ESO 510-069 = AM 1404-264 = MCG -04-33-046 = PGC 50385

14 07 29.8 -27 01 04; Hya

V = 12.7;  Size 1.6'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 106ˇ

 

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): this galaxy is the brightest cluster member in AGC 3581. At 244x; fairly bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, 1.2'x.0.9', bright core.  Two bright stars are nearby: mag 9.5 HD 123312 is 2.4' NNW and mag 9.5 HD 123357 is 4' NE.

 

LEDA 140256 (5' SE): fairly faint, very small, round, 15" diameter.

ESO 510-066 (9' SSW): nearly moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter.

ESO 510-072: (16' NNE): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WMW-ESE, ~30"x15"

ESO 510-074 (19' ENE): moderately bright and large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 0.9'x0.3'.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4374 = Sw. 11-166 on 21 Apr 1898 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; forms part of trapezium; not [NGC 5495]."  His position and description is good despite discovery in the last couple of months of his observing career when many of his discoveries have very poor positions.

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IC 4375 = NGC 5488 = ESO 384-058 = MCG -05-33-048 = LGG 369-010 = PGC 50423

14 08 03.0 -33 18 53; Cen

V = 11.9;  Size 3.4'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 22ˇ

 

18" (5/16/09): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.5', bright core with much fainter extensions.  Located close north of mag 9 star HD 123387 (1.2' between centers) that detracts from viewing.  The major axis of the galaxy is nearly collinear with the star.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4375 = D.S. 393 on an Arequipa plate in 1900 and measured an accurate position.  John Herschel probably discovered this galaxy in 1837 and catalogued it as h3558 (later GC 3796 = NGC 5488), but his position was poor.  See NGC 5488 for more.

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IC 4381 = NGC 5008 = HCG 71A = UGC 9073 = MCG +04-33-042 = CGCG 132-078 = CGCG 133-001 = Holm 598a = PGC 50629

14 10 57.2 +25 29 51; Boo

V = 13.7;  Size 1.6'x1.2';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 135ˇ

 

17.5" (6/8/96): brightest member of HCG 71 along with IC 4382 = HCG 71B 1.8' NE and HCG 71C 2.0' SE.  At 220x it appeared faint, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter, almost even surface brightness.  Located 1.5' N of a mag 10 star, which is the southeast of three stars in a 2.5' string with two mag 12 stars.  This galaxy is generally known as IC 4381, though NGC 5008 is probably an earlier observation.

 

Stephane Javelle found IC 4381 = J. 3-1294, along with IC 4382, on 15 Jun 1895.  NGC 5008, discovered by d'Arrest, is probably an earlier observation.  There is nothing at d'Arrest's position, but Harold Corwin noticed that IC 4381 is exactly 1 hour of RA east.  In addition, a mag 10.5 star precedes by 1.2 seconds (as per d'Arrest), though the star is ~90" south (not north).  So, NGC 5008 = IC 4381, assuming d'Arrest made these two errors. See NGC 5008 for more.

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IC 4382 = HCG 71B = CGCG 132-079 = CGCG 133-002 = Holm 598b = PGC 50635

14 11 02.6 +25 31 10; Boo

V = 14.4;  Size 0.7'x0.2';  Surf Br = 11.9

 

17.5" (6/8/96): faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.3'.  Higher surface brightness than larger IC 4381 = HCG 71A 1.8' SW.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4382 = J. 3-1295, along with IC 4381, on 15 Jun 1895.

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IC 4383 = NGC 5504B = CGCG 103-113 = MCG +03-36-079 = Holm 601b = PGC 50716

14 12 12.7 +15 52 08; Boo

V = 14.8;  Size 0.6'x0.45'

 

18" (6/18/04): faint, small, round, 15" diameter.  Forms a close pair with NGC 5504 1.8' SE.  CGCG and UGC misidentified UGC 9086, a fainter edge-on close NE that was not seen, as IC 4383.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4386 = Big. 416 on 26 May 1894.  He noted it was glimpsed at a distance of 1.5' to 1.8' in PA 340ˇ from NGC 5504.  At this offset is CGCG 103-113 = MCG +03-36-079 = PGC 50716. Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson concur the UGC (9086) and CGCG (103-115) misidentify nearby PGC 50713 as IC 4386.  MCG has the correct identification.

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IC 4395 = UGC 9141 = MCG +05-34-007 = CGCG 163-015 = Mrk 673 = PGC 51033

14 17 21.1 +26 51 27; Boo

Size 1.0'x0.8'

 

24" (7/1/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 30"x25", occasional faint stellar nucleus.  A mag 11.7 star is 2.0' S.  Located 11' WNW of mag 8.2 HD 125320.  A faint edge-on companion at the west edge (apparently responsible for tidal distortions in IC 4395) was not seen.

 

CGCG 163-007, situated 9' SE, appeared very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", very low surface brightness.  Located 4' SW of mag 8.2 HD 125320.

 

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4395 = J. 3-1297 on 14 Jun 1895.  He reported it as "faint, round, 20"-25" diameter, stellar center".

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IC 4397 = UGC 9150 = MCG +05-034-012 = CGCG 163-018 = PGC 51073

14 17 58.7 +26 24 46; Boo

V = 13.1;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 165ˇ

 

17.5" (6/2/00): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 N-S, 1.2'x0.8', weak concentration, fairly low surface brightness.  Located 10' NW of NGC 5553.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4397 = Big. 419 = J. 3-1299 on 23 Jun 1889.  Javelle found it again on 11 Jun 1895, measured it on 3 nights and both are credited in the IC.  Bigourdan's Comptes Rendus table gives the discovery date as 23 Jun 1898, so Javelle may have been the first observer.

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IC 4401 = MCG -01-36-015 = PGC 51173

14 19 25.1 -04 29 21; Vir

V = 13.4;  Size 1.5'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 21ˇ

 

18" (6/18/04): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SW-NE, though the orientation shifted slightly with averted vision. Weak concentration to a small, slightly brighter core. Visible with direct vision, though mostly the small core remained. Second brightest of trio with much fainter IC 997 9' ENE and IC 998.  Malcolm Thomson argues that this galaxy was likely the first of two observed by Swift and should be identified as IC 997.

 

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4401 = Ho. II-11 on 10 May 1899 and recorded "vF, S, mE 200ˇ."  His position matches PGC 51173.  Malcolm Thomson argues that this galaxy was the first of two discovered by Lewis Swift (IC 997 and 998), and hence should be identified as IC 997, but Harold Corwin disagrees.  See IC 997 for more.

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IC 4402 = ESO 272-005 = PGC 51288

14 21 13.1 -46 17 52; Lup

V = 11.6;  Size 4.2'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 127ˇ

 

22" (6/28/06 - Hawaii): fairly faint, large, edge-on 5:1 NW-SE, 3.5'x0.7'.  Fairly low even surface brightness with only a broad very concentration to a slightly brighter bulging core.  Faint stars at both the NW and SE ends of the galaxy and a string of 4 stars mag 13-14 begins at the star at the SE end and curves away from the galaxy towards the NE.

 

12.5" (6/24/06 - Haleakala Crater): at 180x, this edge-on appeared fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, ~3.5'x0.7', broad concentration to a bulging core.  Situated in a rich star field with a number of faint stars nearby including two mag 14 stars at the NW tip, a mag 13 star at off the SE end, a mag 14 star that is embedded just NW of the core and a mag 13.5 star off the NE side of the core.  Located 23' SE of mag 3.6 Iota Lupi.

 

18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, this surprisingly bright and large IC galaxy seemed out of place in a very rich Lupus star field.  The galaxy is very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 4'x0.8', with an irregular or mottled surface brightness (probably due to an equatorial dust lane which bisects the galaxy), though there was no visible core.  It nearly extends between a mag 13 star near the SE end and a pair of mag 14 stars just beyond the NE tip.  Located 6' NE of mag 9.4 HD 125568 and 23' SE of mag 3.6 Iota Lupi.

 

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4402 = F. 1099 on 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station.  He noted "Streak, 2.9' by 0.4' at 125ˇ, tapers to sharp points."

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IC 4405 = MCG +05-34-019 = CGCG 163-028 = PGC 51167

14 19 16.5 +26 17 55; Boo

V = 13.7;  Size 1.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 66ˇ

 

17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7' diameter.  Located just south of two mag 11 stars (closer star is 1.4' N).  A mag 13.5 star lies 1.3' WNW.  Located 11' E of NGC 5553.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1303 on 14 Jun 1895.

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IC 4406 = ESO 272-6 = PK 319+15.1 = PN G319.6+15.7

14 22 26.2 -44 09 03; Lup

V = 10.2;  Size 100"x37"

 

18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, this is a very striking planetary with an unusual appearance.  The main body is bright and boxy, roughly 25" diameter with a bluish color.  A number of mag 14 stars appear to huddle around the planetary including a mag 13.5 star at the west end and some additional mag 13 stars are within 2'.  Much fainter extensions or wings are just visible extending E-W from the main body with the western wing slightly more prominent (though this may be due to the superimposed star).  The wings are more obvious when a UHC filter is used.  At 293x, three collinear stars are just off the west edge with the western extension encompassing the closest star.  The wings increase the overall dimensions to ~60"x25".

 

13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 140x this bright bipolar planetary appeared fairly small, 20"-25" diameter with a high surface brightness and a bluish color.  The outline is unusual, appearing somewhat boxy or rectangular in appearance.  A faint star is just off the west edge.  At 195x there appeared to be very faint extensions ~E-W, increasing the dimensions to 2:1.

 

13.1" (3/17/86 and 4/10/86): fairly bright and prominent with a Daystar 300 filter although viewed at a low elevation.  Fairly small, 35" diameter, smooth disc.  Visually appeared almost round although photos reveal a very elongated shape.  No central star seen at 214x.  A mag 13.5 star is just off the west edge.

 

13.1" (6/18/85): viewed for 1-2 minutes as it appeared and disappeared just east of Fremont Peak from Coulter Row.  Appeared fairly bright and fairly small and roundish.

 

Williamina Fleming found IC 4406 = D.S. 403 = Fleming 94 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken with the 24-inch Bruce astrograph from Arequipa (Harvard Circular 60, July 6 1901).  DeLisle Stewart perhaps made an earlier discovery on a plate taken in 1899 (same plate as Fleming?). The position and description was published in the large table in Annals of Harvard Observatory, 60, 1908.  He noted "2 nebulous stars make dumb-bell, remarkable."

 

Robert Innes independently discovered it on 14 Aug 1901 with the 7-inch Metz refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope.  He wrote, "..this is a fine planetary nebula, 10th magnitude, about 20" in diameter. Examined on the same night with the 18-inch telescope, it appears dumb-bell-shaped.  Mr. Lunt, with the 24" objective prism found the spectrum to be that of a gaseous nebula. This nebula also appears on several Carte du Ciel plates...This nebula was also found at Arequipa.  See Harvard CIrcular, No. 60, receivered here 22 Aug 1901."  Perhaps surprisingly, John Herschel missed this fairly bright planetary.

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IC 4407 = NGC 5324?? = MCG -01-35-016 = PGC 49236

13 52 05.9 -06 03 30; Vir

V = 11.7;  Size 2.3'x2.1';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 170ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 5324.

 

William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4407 on 20 Sep 1883 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope.  There is nothing at his position, roughly determined using circle readings.  PGC, HyperLEDA, RC3 and SIMBAD identify MCG -01-37-005 as IC 4607.  This galaxy has a similar declination as Finlay's position and the RA is 2.5 minutes smaller.  But this low surface brightness 14th mag galaxy is likely much too faint to have been seen by Finlay.  Assuming Finlay made an error in determining the RA (time), Harold Corwin suggests IC 4407 may be a duplicate of NGC 5324, which is about 37 minutes of RA west of Finlay's position.

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IC 4412 = NGC 5594 = MCG +04-34-024 = CGCG 133-046 = PGC 51391

14 23 10.3 +26 15 57; Boo

V = 14.0;  Size 1.1'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 150ˇ

 

17.5" (6/23/01): faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.7'x0.5', weak concentration.  Located 1.9' NNW of a mag 10.5 star.  The galaxy did not appear as elongated as dimensions imply, so probably only viewed the inner region.

 

Stephane Javelle found IC 4412 = J. 1306 on 14 Jul 1895.  His position in his third list matches NGC 5594, whose position was imprecise.  Both CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 4412 instead of NGC 5594.

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IC 4414 = IC 1008 = CGCG 163-035 = MCG +05-34-027 = PGC 51414

14 23 42.7 +28 20 48; Boo

Size 0.7'x0.6'

 

24" (5/31/22): IC 4414 = IC 1008 is a merged interacting pair with the nuclei separated by less than 15".  At 327x, it appeared fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~30"-35" diameter, fairly low surface brightness.  Increasing to 375x, I saw a small, but definite brightening at the NE end.  This is the nucleus of the NE component (LEDA 87674).

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4414 = J. 3-1308 on 27 Jul 1895.  His position is accurate.

 

Truman Safford probably made an earlier discovery on 4 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory.  There is nothing at his position for Sf. 5 (later IC 1008), but Harold Corwin identifies IC 1008 as a duplicate of IC 4414, situated ~ 1.4 minutes of RA west of Safford's position.  This large of an error in RA is not unusual in Safford's lists.  Malcolm Thomson suggested that PGC 51518 is IC 1008.  This is also the identification given in MCG, PGC and HyperLeda.  Although closer to Safford's position than IC 4414, PGC 51518 appears too faint to be the object seen (V magnitude between 16.0 and 16.5) and is off by over 4' in declination (Safford's errors are generally in RA).  

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IC 4421 = ESO 385-027 = MCG -06-32-006 = PGC 51704

14 28 31.3 -37 35 01; Cen

V = 12.4;  Size 1.4'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 164ˇ

 

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', broad concentration.  A mag 15 star is off the NW edge, 0.6' from center. Nearby is a mag 11 star 1.6' ENE and a mag 12 star 3' NE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4421 = Sw. 11-170 on 19 May 1898 and reported "eeF; vS; R; faint star near following."  His RA was 23 seconds of time too small, but the identification is certain.

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IC 4424 = IC 1016 = NGC 5619B = MCG +01-37-014 = CGCG 047-048 = KTG 57C = Holm 645b = WBL 507-003 = PGC 51624

14 27 32.4 +04 49 18; Vir

V = 14.1;  Size 0.9'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 121ˇ

 

24" (5/11/13): at 282x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~24"x14".  A mag 16 star is just off the south side, 15" from center.  Second brightest in the KTG 57 triplet, with NGC 5619 3.8' WSW and UGC 9258 2.6' SSW.

 

17.5" (6/8/91): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, weak concentration.  Second brightest in trio with NGC 5619 3.5' WSW and NGC 5619B 2' S.

 

douard Stephan discovered IC 4424 = Big. 320 on 8 May 1878.  During an observation of NGC 5619 he added the note "+ une autre trŹs faible".  Although Stephan only listed a single position for NGC 5619, the other object is almost certainly IC 4424.  Yann Pothier credits Auguste Voigt, who preceded Stephan as director of the observatory, with the original discovery on 20 Mar 1865.  IC 4424 isn't included, though, in Voigt's list of 102 nebulae observed in the spring and summer of 1865.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4424 = Big. 320 again on 23 May 1892.  His position matches CGCG 047-048 = PGC 51624.  Lewis Swift also discovered this galaxy on 28 Apr 1891 and described Sw. 10-26 (later IC 1016) as "vF; vS; R; f[ollowing] of NGC 5619."  His RA, though, was 1.3 minutes too large, so Dreyer assigned two IC designations, assuming they were different.  Finally, RNGC identifies this galaxy as NGC 5619B, so it has 3 designations!  IC 4424 is used in most modern sources due to the unambiguous position.

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IC 4431 = IC 1012 = UGC 9257 = MCG +05-34-043 = CGCG 163-052 = PGC 51600

14 27 09.5 +30 56 54; Boo

V = 14.3;  Size 1.1'x0.7';  PA = 112ˇ

 

24" (5/31/22): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4431 = J. 3-1316 on 9 Jul 1896.  He noted it as "faint, round, 40" to 50", round, gradually condensed, distinctly grainy."

 

Truman Safford made the original discovery on 9 May 1866.  He position for Sf. 8 (later IC 1012) was 2' too far NNE, so perhaps Javelle and later Dreyer thought his object was different, but there is only a single galaxy in the vicinity.  In any case, IC 4431 is a duplicate of IC 1012.

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IC 4441 = IC 4444 = ESO 272-014 = MCG -07-30-002 = PGC 51905

14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup

V = 11.4;  Size 1.7'x1.4';  Surf Br = 12.2

 

25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; very bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'.  Sharp concentration with a small, bright core and a sharp extremely bright stellar nucleus at the center.  ESO 272-011 (misidentified as IC 4441 in the ESO) lies 17' SW.

 

ESO 272-011, which is misidentified as IC 4441 in several sources, is located 17' SW. It appeared faint, small,  round, 20" diameter.  Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9 HD 126996.  This star is at the eastern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 9.4 3.3' to it NNW and a mag 11.3 star 3.3' to its W.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4441 = Sw. 11-171 on 28 Mar 1897 and noted "pF; pS; R."  There is nothing at his position but ESO and PGC (as well as HyperLEDA) identify IC 4441 as ESO 272-011, which is 1.1 minutes of RA to the west and 2.4' S of Swift's position.  But this galaxy is very likely too faint to have been picked up by Swift and furthermore lies less than 2' SE of a 9th mag star that certainly would have been mentioned in the description.  Instead IC 4441 is much more likely applies to ESO 272-014, a much brighter galaxy only 16 seconds of RA east of his position, though 6' further north.  DeLisle Stewart picked up this galaxy two years later on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station and it acquired the designation IC 4444 with a good position.

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IC 4442 = VV 15 = UGC 9287 = MCG +05-34-050 = CGCG 163-060 = PGC 51725

14 28 45.3 +28 57 51; Boo

V = 14.0;  Size 1.0'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 25ˇ

 

17.5" (6/20/98): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration.  Forms the north vertex of an obtuse triangle with two mag 13.5/14 stars 1.3' SE and 2.2' WSW.  Located 11' NW of NGC 5641.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1319 on 27 Jul 1895.  His computed dec is ~2' too far south, with the error apparently due to a poor position for his reference star.

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IC 4444 = IC 4441 = ESO 272-014 = MCG -07-30-002 = PGC 51905

14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup

V = 11.4;  Size 1.7'x1.4';  Surf Br = 12.2

 

25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; very bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'.  Sharp concentration with a small, bright core and a sharp extremely bright stellar nucleus at the center.  ESO 272-011 (misidentified as IC 4441 in the ESO) lies 17' SW.

 

ESO 272-011 (misidentied as IC 4441 in several sources), located 17' SW, appeared faint, small,  round, 20" diameter.  Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9 HD 126996.  This star is at the eastern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 9.4 3.3' to it NNW and a mag 11.3 star 3.3' to its W.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4444 = D.S. 407 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, vS, * M, spir or ring nebula, remarks (AN. 147, 209, Sw. XI, 171, p[recedes] 0.3m, s[outh] 6')."  His remark states "observed by Frost on A 6765 as bM, magn. 13."  Stewart referenced Swift's IC 4441, discovered on 28 Mar 1897, and described as "pF; pS; R."  There is nothing at Swift's position and ESO and PGC identify ESO 272-011 as IC 4441.

 

But Malcolm Thomson argues (and Corwin concurs) that ESO 272-011 is too faint to have been seen by Swift and it is much more likely that IC 4441 is an earlier observation of IC 4444.  In addition, ESO 272-011 has a nearby 9th mag star that Swift would have almost certainly have mentioned.  See Malcolm Thomson's IC identifications.

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IC 4447 = UGC 9306 = CGCG 163-066 = MCG +05-34-056 = PGC 51754

14 29 18.0 +30 49 56; Boo

V = 13.8;  Size 1.2'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 174ˇ

 

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, small bright nucleus, oval 3:2 N-S, 25" diameter.  A mag 12.7 star is off the NW side, 50" from center.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4447 = J. 3-1321 on 9 Jul 1896.  He noted it as "faint, round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed, granular appearance, stellar nucleus mag 13.5."  His RA is 20 seconds too large.  I'm not sure of the source of this discrepancy, other than a transcription error in recording/measuring the offset in RA.

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IC 4448 = ESO 022-002 = AM 1434-783 = PGC 52426

14 40 28.0 -78 48 33; Aps

V = 13.5;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 168ˇ

 

25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~35"x25", fairly low even surface brightness with no core or nucleus. Located 25' NW of mag 3.8 Alpha Apus!

 

A small group of stars is close west, including a mag 10.4 star 2.4' W and another half-dozen mag 12-14 stars.  Another distinctive group of mag 12-13 stars is 18' E.

 

IC 4448 is a collisional ring galaxy that appears somewhat similar on images to the Cartwheel Galaxy in Sculptor!

 

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4448 = D.S. 409 on a plate taken on 19 Jun 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "!! F, vS, ring neb with * in middle".

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IC 4453 = ESO 512-004 = MCG -04-34-020 = PGC 52084

14 34 28.6 -27 31 06; Hya

V = 12.2;  Size 2.2'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 160ˇ

 

14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; moderately bright and large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, nearly 1.5' in length, strong concentration with a bright elongated core and very bright nearly stellar nucleus.  A mag 10 star is 3.7' SW.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4453 = Sw. 11-172 on 22 Feb 1898 and reported "pB; eS; R; like D * one nebulous."  His position is 5' too far southwest but there are no other nearby galaxies, so the identification is nearly certain.  Swift grouped this nebula, along with several others, in a class that "appear at first glance like double stars 6" or 8" apart, though the nearest star he might have picked up (off the NW side) is 15th magnitude. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that Dreyer adopted in the IC 2.

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IC 4455 = NGC 5664 = MCG -02-37-008 = PGC 52033

14 33 43.6 -14 37 11; Lib

V = 14.2;  Size 0.9'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 30ˇ

 

17.5": faint, small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3'.  A mag 14.5 star is close SE.  A tight knot of 4 or 5 mag 13-15 stars within 45" lies 10' SSW.  Located 4.5ˇ NE of Zubenelgenubi.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4455 = D.S. 410 on an Arequipa plate taken in Jul 1899.  There is nothing at Stewart's reported position, but 0.8 minutes of RA west and 3' N is NGC 5664, which also has a poor position (see that number).  Due to the discrepancy in position, Dreyer assumed Stewart's object was new, but his comment "considerably elongated [in PA] 30ˇ" clinches the identification IC 4455 = NGC 5664. MCG labels this galaxy as IC 4455.

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IC 4461 = Arp 95 = VV 303c = Rose 21sw = MCG +05-34-076 = CGCG 163-085sw = PGC 52120

14 35 00.4 +26 31 55; Boo

Size 0.4'x0.2';  PA = 115ˇ

 

18" (5/3/08): very faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter.  First of three in a compact trio (Arp 95).  Located 45" SW of the center of IC 4462 and 1.6' WSW of a mag 12.5 star.  This galaxy is not identified as IC 4461 in modern catalogues although Javelle's position points exactly at this galaxy.  There is a faint star at its edge, and although I didn't record it, perhaps it contributed to the glow.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4461 = J. 1326, along with IC 4462 = J. 1327, on 22 Jun 1895.  There are 3 galaxies (VV 303) nearby, but his micrometric position for J. 1326 matches VV 303c = MCG +05-34-076 = PGC 52120 and his position for J. 1327 matches VV 303a = MCG +05-34-077 = PGC 52119.  This implies the Javelle missed VV 303b = MCG +05-34-078 = PGC 52123.  NED (now corrected as of 2015), PGC and HyperLeda misidentifies PGC 52119 as IC 4461 and PGC 52123 as IC 4462.  I notified Harold Corwin, Malcolm Thomson and Wolfgang Steinicke of my conclusions and they concur with my identifications.

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IC 4462 = Arp 95 NED1 = VV 303a = Rose 21n = UGC 9384a = MCG +05-34-077 = CGCG 163-085ne = PGC 52119

14 35 01.9 +26 32 38; Boo

V = 14.4;  Size 0.8'x0.45'

 

18" (5/3/08): brightest in a very close trio (Arp 95).  At 260x it appeared faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness.  Located 1.3' W of a mag 12.5 star.  This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4461 in all modern catalogues.  IC 4461 lies 45" SW of center and MCG +05-34-078 is just 32" E of center!  The latter galaxy, which is misidentified as IC 4462 in modern sources, appeared extremely faint and small, round, 8"-10" diameter.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4462 = J. 1327, along with IC 4461 = J. 1326, on 22 Jun 1895.  See IC 4461 for the story.

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IC 4466 = CGCG 104-048 = PGC 52228

14 36 48.1 +18 20 38; Boo

Size 0.9'x0.6'

 

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, low nearly even surface brightness, ~30"x12".  Forms a pair with IC 4467 2' NE with IC 1037 25' ESE.

 

Royal Frost discovered IC 4466, along with IC 4467, on a plate taken 10 May 1904.  His positions are accurate to within 1' and the identifications are certain.

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IC 4470 = MCG +13-10-019 = CGCG 353-040 = WBL 513-002 = PGC 51696

14 28 22.8 +78 53 08; UMi

Size 0.7'x0.2';  PA = 94ˇ

 

17.5" (6/24/95): very faint, very small, round.  A mag 14.5 star is just off the NE side, 21" from center, and it confused the observation.  At moments, the compact core of the galaxy and the star appeared to form a faint double star.  I missed the faint extensions (arm) E-W on the POSS.  Forms a pair with NGC 5712 4.0' ESE.

 

William Herschel discovered IC 4470 on 20 Dec 1797 (sweep 1074).  His description for NGC 5712 (III-950) mentions "It is preceded by a small patch of stars which appears almost like this nebula, but more resolved."  This sounds very similar to Bigourdan's description below and certainly applies to IC 4470.  I uncovered this discovery on June 10, 2014 while working through Caroline Herschel's revised sweep records from 1802.  I notified Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke, who concurred, and Wolfgang included it in his "WH Special" list of 22 Jun 2014.  IC 4470 was the last of six IC galaxies that Herschel discovered while sweeping with his 18.7" that were not catalogued, generally because of uncertainty.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan independently discovered IC 4470 = Big. 421 on 11 Jul 1887.  His full description (from Harold Corwin) reads "Object which, at first sight, could be nebulous, but in which I suspect several stellar points.  It is therefore a cluster enveloped in nebulosity; it is vaguely elongated at 90 degrees and is 1' l and 40" wide."

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IC 4471 = NGC 5697 = UGC 9407 = MCG +07-30-031 = CGCG 220-033 = PGC 52207

14 36 32.0 +41 41 08; Boo

V = 13.7;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 25ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 5697.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4471 = Big. 321 on 6 Jun 1894.  His rough position is close to NGC 5697, the only galaxy in the area.  He probably assumed it was new due to a poor NGC position.  Most modern sources equate IC 4471 with NGC 5697. See NGC 5697 for more.

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IC 4473 = VV 732 = CGCG 104-052 = PGC 52287

14 37 54.1 +15 51 48; Boo

V = 14.3;  Size 0.7'x0.4'

 

24" (7/1/19): IC 4473 is an interacting contact system with the two nuclei separated by 11" N-S.  At 225x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~24"x15", strong sense of two cores.  Increasing to 375x; the two close nuclei were definitely visible at times within a common halo.

 

Royal Frost discovered IC 4473 = F. 1123 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru.

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IC 4478 = CGCG 104-059 = PGC 52363

14 39 12.7 +15 52 39; Boo

V = 14.4;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  PA = 61ˇ

 

24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus.  A mag 15.2 star is just off the S end. Located 7' ESE of a mag 10 star.  IC 4473 (double system) lies 19' W.

 

Royal Frost discovered IC 4478 = F. 1125 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904

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IC 4493 = NGC 5747 = MCG +02-38-002 = CGCG 076-013 = IC 4493 = PGC 52638

14 44 20.7 +12 07 53; Boo

V = 13.7;  Size 0.8'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.0

 

17.5" (6/20/01): fairly faint, small, round, 40" diameter, weak concentration.  A mag 14 star lies 0.9' WNW of center while a brighter mag 12.5 star follows by 3.5'.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4493 = Big. 422 on 12 Apr 1898 and wrote, "rather diffuse nebula, roundish, 35" diameter, granular central region, which stands out quite well".  He was searching for H. III-48 (NGC 5747), which has a poor position, and assumed his redisovery was a new object. UGC, CGCG and MCG label this galaxy IC 4493 instead of NGC 5747.

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IC 4499 = ESO 022-005

15 00 18.5 -82 12 49; Aps

V = 10.0;  Size 7.6';  Surf Br = 0.7

 

18" (7/7/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x this globular has an unusual appearance as a round glow of nearly even surface brightness, ~3.5' diameter with a single brighter mag 12 star superimposed near the very center.  A brighter mag 10.5 field star is just off the south edge, 2' from the center.  IC 4499 appears similar to a large, fairly low surface brightness planetary or reflection nebula.  My observation was possibly compromised by some clouds as the skies completely clouded up soon afterwards, but there was no evident resolution at this power.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4499 = D.S. 418 on a plate taken on 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF Cl, 4' diam., 3 F st inv in cl, position approximate, susp."

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IC 4507 = MCG +03-38-016 = CGCG 105-027 = PGC 52834

14 47 42.2 +18 27 21; Boo

V = 15.3;  Size 0.75'x0.4';  PA = 160ˇ

 

18" (7/13/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 12" diameter.  Located just 2.8' S of NGC 5760 and 1.6' E of a mag 10.5 star.

 

17.5" (7/16/01): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, requires averted to glimpse.  Located 1' E of a mag 10.5 star and at the midpoint of NGC 5760 2.9' N and a mag 13 star a similar distance south.

 

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4507 = F. 1136 on a plate taken 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station.  He noted "vF, R, 0.1' dia."  Dreyer made a typo in the IC 2, equating IC 4507 with F. 1336.

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IC 4514 = UGC 9557 = MCG +05-35-019 = PGC 53010

14 50 55.4 +27 34 43; Boo

V = 14.2;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 125ˇ

 

24" (7/12/18): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 24" diameter. A mag 14.7 star is 0.6' SSE of center.  Viewed through thin clouds, which affected the view.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4514 = J. 3-1346 = Sw. 11-175 on 26 Jul 1895.  His position was 2' too far north due to an error in the declination of his offset star.  Lewis Swift discovered the galaxy again on 2 Jun 1898 and reported Sw. 11-175 as "eeF; S; lE; pB * p[receding]; another susp[ected]."  Swift's RA was 20 seconds too small.  The observation was made on the last night he recorded a new discovery (see IC 4514).  Both Swift and Javelle are credited in the IC, though Javelle deserves primary credit.

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IC 4516 = UGC 9587 = MCG +03-38-049 = 3C 306 = PGC 53274

14 54 23.4 +16 21 19; Boo

V = 13.4;  Size 1.3'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.5

 

24" (7/12/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 35" diameter, strong concentration, small bright core with a faint halo.  IC 4516 is the cD galaxy in the rich cluster Abell 1983.  Situated in a star-poor field.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4516 = Sw. 11-176 on 2 Jun 1898 and reported "vF; pS; R; only 1 * near, 10m * nf."  His position was 2' too far NW.  Harold Corwin notes that "IC 4516 is probably the last object discovered by Lewis Swift".  See IC 4514.

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IC 4526 = HCG 73B = Arp 42 NED1 = MCG +04-35-026 = PGC 53707

15 02 38.2 +23 21 02; Boo

V = 15.4;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  PA = 0ˇ

 

48" (5/3/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 0.4'x0.3', broad concentration, slightly brighter core.  Second brightest of 5 in HCG 73 with NGC 5829 1.3' SE.

 

24" (7/11/18): faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 20"x10".  IC 4526 is the second brightest in the HCG 73 group and forms a triangle with NGC 5829 1.4' SE and a mag 12.4 star 1.2' S.

 

18" (8/4/05): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter.  Forms the northern vertex of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1' with NGC 5829 and a mag 12 star.  Once this difficult galaxy was noticed, it was visible most of the time using averted vision and concentration at 225x.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4526 = J. 3-1354 on 25 Jul 1903.  UGC incorrectly equates IC 4526 with NGC 5829.

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IC 4528 = MCG +08-27-055 = CGCG 248-046 = PGC 53658

15 01 33.3 +49 06 44; Boo

V = 14.2;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.3

 

17.5" (7/17/93): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, weak concentration.  Located 5.2' SSE of mag 7.3 SAO 45335.  NGC 5835 lies 16' SE.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4528 = Big. 423 on 23 May 1898.  His position corresponds with CGCG 248-046 = PGC 53658.  Nevertheless, MCG, CGCG and PGC fail to identify this galaxy as IC 4528.  Instead, MCG and PGC misidentify MCG +08-27-049 = PGC 53607 as IC 4528.  This edge-on galaxy is over 10' NW of Bigourdan's position.

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IC 4534 = UGC 9713 = MCG +04-36-013 = CGCG 135-014 = PGC 53943

15 06 41.9 +23 38 29; Boo

V = 13.2;  Size 1.5'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 160ˇ

 

14.5" (7/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated at least 2:1 ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.4', small bright core and brighter along the major axis (verified as a bar on images).  A mag 14.6 star is 1' S of center.

 

17.5" (6/3/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, brighter core.  A mag 14 star is close off the south end [1.1' from center].  At moments appears to have a fainter, outer halo.  This galaxy is identified as UGC 9713 in all catalogues and the equivalence with Javelle's IC 4534 was uncovered by Malcolm Thomson.

 

douard Stephan discovered IC 4534 = J. 3-1359 on 9 Jun 1877.  His rough position was 2' E of center, similar to his other offsets in his notebook but he didn't later confirm or publish the discovery.

 

Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 4534 on 9 on 28 Jul 1903, unaware of Stephan's earlier observation.  There is nothing at his position.  However, Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star, which was GSC 2024:622.  Applying his offsets to this star lands directly on UGC 9713.  Furthermore, this galaxy fits his description "pB, S, elongated north south, nucleus", so this identification is certain.  Due to the erroneous IC position, CGCG, MCG and PGC and the online LEDA database fail to label their catalogue entries as IC 4534.

 

Javelle made another "discovery" on 26 May 1909 and listed it as J. 4-1838 in his unpublished 4th catalogue.  His descriptions reads "faint, elongated in the meridian (N-S), about 1' diameter, core of mag 13."

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IC 4536 = UGCA 401 = ESO 581-024 = MCG -03-39-002 = LGG 287-014 = PGC 54324 = LEDA 872238

15 13 17.2 -18 08 14; Lib

V = 13.2;  Size 2.1'x1.7';  Surf Br = 14.4;  PA = 10ˇ

 

24" (6/23/17): fairly faint, large, roundish, ~1.2' diameter, low surface brightness, slightly brighter core.  A mag 14.5-15 star is at the west edge.  The surface brightness is a bit uneven or mottled but I didn't notice any distinct HII knots.  Two mag 10 and 11 stars are 5' SW and 5' N, respectively.  IC 4536 is located 12.5' ESE of mag 6.9 HD 134812.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4536 on 14 May 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and recorded (from his logbook) "vF, L, roundish, a faint star on np edge, a faint star nr sf edge.  It follows a bright star by 1 field."  The bright star is mag 6.9 HD 134812, situated 13' ESE.  His sketch (in his logbook) and description is a perfect match.

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IC 4537 = CGCG 021-070 = PGC 54583

15 17 32.4 +02 02 51; Ser

V = 15.0;  Size 0.7'x0.4';  PA = 45ˇ

 

24" (7/19/12): at 260x appeared very faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 20"x10", contains a very faint stellar nucleus.  This small galaxy is located just west of the halo of M5 (in the same medium power field), 15' WSW of the center of the showpiece globular!  A mag 15 star (possibly a cluster member) lies 36" S.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4537 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, so the date and telescope are unknown.  The IC RA is just 5 seconds too small.

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IC 4538 = ESO 514-010 = MCG -04-36-013 = UGCA 406 = LGG 398-004 = PGC 54776

15 21 11.7 -23 39 29; Lib

V = 12.1;  Size 2.6'x2.0';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 45ˇ

 

48" (5/4/16): at 375x; fairly faint, very large, roundish, fairly low but uneven surface brightness.  No distinct core or zones except for a slightly brighter nucleus - just a featureless but unevenly lit patch (nearly face-on Sc) almost 2' in diameter.  Picked up on the way to planetary nebula Merrill 2-1, situated 16' ENE.

 

17.5" (6/27/98): appeared as a very low surface brightness glow, perhaps 1.5' diameter, roundish but difficult to determine edge of halo, very little concentration.  The galaxy was surprisingly difficult although viewed a couple of hours past the meridian.  Two mag 12.5 stars lie ~3' E and 3' NE.  The compact planetary Me 2-1 is 15' E.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4538 = Sw. 11-178 on 26 May 1895 and noted "eeeF; vL; not 5898 or 5903; v diff; bet 2 wide D stars."  He also noted "this is very large, and one of my faintest.  Have seen it twice and failed once.  The field is a curiosity, the following half having many stars, the preceding half not even one."  His position is 3' SW of UGCA 406, a low surface brightness, multiple-armed Sc, and his description of the surrounding star field applies.

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IC 4543 = IC 1118 = MCG +02-39-029 = CGCG 077-122 = Holm 709a = PGC 55035

15 24 59.5 +13 26 42; Ser

V = 13.9;  Size 1.0'x0.9'

 

See observing notes for IC 1118.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4543 = Sw. XI-179 on 3 Jun 1897.  He reported "eF, pS, vF * close north preceding".  His position is 2' W of 16th magnitude PGC 3090879, which is probably too faint to have been seen and does not have a star close NW.  But IC 1118, discovered earlier by Javelle, is a brighter galaxy less than 7' SE, and has a faint star just where Swift placed it.  So, IC 4543 is a duplicate of IC 1118.  Most sources (except for NED) identify this galaxy as IC 1118 only.

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IC 4546 = MCG +05-36-031 = CGCG 165-057 = PGC 55115

15 26 58.4 +28 51 09; CrB

V = 14.5;  Size 0.7'x0.6'

 

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~25"x20".  A 15th mag star is at the NE edge [15" from center].  IC 4547 lies 5' SE.  These two galaxies are on the southwest side of AGC 2079, but lie in the foreground at ~470 million l.y.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4546 = J. 3-1363 on 24 Jul 1895.  His position and description matches this galaxy.

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IC 4547 = CGCG 165-058 = PGC 55130

15 27 15.1 +28 47 20; CrB

V = 14.4;  Size 0.7'x0.6';  PA = 138ˇ

 

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 15"-20" diameter, weak concentration.  IC 4546 lies 5' NW.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4547 = J. 3-1364 on 22 Jul 1895.  His position is accurate.

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IC 4550 = NGC 5946 = ESO 224-7

15 35 28.5 -50 39 35; Nor

V = 9.5;  Size 7.1';  Surf Br = 1.7

 

See observing notes for NGC 5946.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4550 = Sw. 11-180 on 24 May 1898 and recorded "pB; pS; lE.'  There is nothing at his position but 42 seconds of RA east is NGC 5946 and there are no other possible nearby candidates.  This was his most southerly observation from California and one of his very last (the last recorded date was 2 June).  So, NGC 5946 = IC 4550.  See Corwin's identification notes for more.

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IC 4551 = NGC 5964 = UGC 9935 = MCG +01-40-008 = CGCG 050-047 = PGC 55637

15 37 36.3 +05 58 25; Ser

V = 12.0;  Size 4.2'x3.2';  Surf Br = 14.7;  PA = 145ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 5964.  Identification uncertain.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4551 = Sw. 12-12 on 19 Aug 1897 and reported "eeeF, L, R, eee dif".  There is nothing at his position.  Harold Corwin suggests IC 4551 = NGC 5964, which is 3.5 minutes of time following Swift's position.  This is a large but not unusual error in his last year of observing, so is a possible but uncertain identification.

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IC 4552 = UGC 9945 = MCG +01-40-009 = CGCG 050-056 = PGC 55687

15 38 54.9 +04 34 59; Ser

V = 13.2;  Size 1.3'x1.2'

 

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, small brighter core, slightly mottled appearance or brighter regions like a face on spiral (confirmed later on SDSS).

 

CGCG 050-050, located 16' NW, appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15".

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4552 = Sw. 11-181 on 21 Jun 1897 and called it "eF; pS; R; near the first of 6 or 8 st[ars] in a curved line."  There is nothing near his position.  Harold Corwin suggests IC 4552 is very likely UGC 9945, which has a distinctive string of mostly mag 13 stars in a jagged line extending to the east of the galaxy.  If this identification is correct, Swift's position was off by 4 minutes of RA too far west and 7' too far north.

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IC 4553 = Arp 220 = IC 1127 = UGC 9913 = MCG +04-37-005 = CGCG 163-017 = VV 540 = PGC 55497

15 34 57.2 +23 30 10; Ser

V = 13.2;  Size 1.5'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.7

 

48" (5/1/19): at 375x; bright, large, contains a large uneven bright core.  The halo is irregular with a hint of structure and extends mostly north of the core.

 

24" (6/16/12): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, uneven surface brightness and irregular appearance, though the core was not resolved into two components.  Forms a pair with IC 4554 2.2' SE (not part of Arp 220 as generally assumed).

 

17.5" (4/7/89): fairly faint, almost round, even surface brightness.  This is an interacting double system with an extremely faint "knot" or extension at the south end [elongated E-W on the POSS].  IC 4554 is a separate galaxy 2.2' SE of the double system observed.

 

Considered the prototype of a megamaser with 98% of its emission in the infrared.  In addition there is a large starburst of young stars.

 

Stephane Javelle found IC 4553 = J. 3-1368, along with IC 4554, on 25 Jul 1903.  His position is at the south edge of Arp 220.  Truman Safford made the original discovery on 4 May 1866, but his RA for Sf. 7 = IC 1127 was 1 minute too large and Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 4553 = IC 1127.  douard Stephan also made observations on 26 May 1875 and 9 Jun 1877.  He may have been aware of Safford's discoveries as he included many in his own discovery lists.

 

See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's comments on this number.

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IC 4554 = LEDA 214390

15 35 04.8 +23 28 45; Ser

V = 15.2;  Size 0.5'x0.4'

 

48" (5/1/19): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, small bright core.  Located 2' SE of IC 4553.

 

24" (6/16/12):  faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration.  Located 2' SE of IC 4553 = Arp 220.  This number is often incorrectly applied to one of the components of the double galaxy IC 4553.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4554 = J. 3-1369, along with IC 4553, on 25 Jul 1903.  His position points to PGC 214390, although UGC, MCG and CGCG mistakenly identify Arp 220 (merged double system) as IC 4553 + 4554.

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IC 4560 = LEDA 214393

15 35 54.1 +39 48 51; Boo

Size 0.6'x0.35';  PA = 104ˇ

 

24" (7/14/15): extremely faint, very small, elongated 3:2 E-W, ~9"x6", low surface brightness.  Situated just 1.2' SW of mag 7.6 HD 139323 and 2' NW of mag 6.8 HD 139341 (1.1" pair)!  The bright stars detract from viewing.  Faintest in a trio with NGC 5966 2.7' S and IC 4563 2.1' NE (just east of the mag 7.6 star.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4560 = J. 3-1374, along with IC 4563, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.  His position is erroneous due to confusion with the offset star (using different stars for RA and Dec).  See Corwin's notes regarding Javelle's error in reducing his position.

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IC 4562 = UGC 9928 = MCG +07-32-34 = CGCG 222-030 = I Zw 118 = WBL 577-001 = PGC 55559

15 35 57.0 +43 29 36; Boo

V = 12.6;  Size 1.2'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.0

 

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, ~40" diameter, bright core, stellar nucleus.  A mag 11.8 star is 1.4' WSW and a mag 12.4 star is 2.5' ENE.  Brightest member of group of 5 IC galaxies.

 

IC 4562A, just 1.2' NE, was faint, very small, round, ~12"-15" diameter.  This compact companion to IC 4562 has a high surface brightness so was easily visible

 

17.5" (6/27/98): First in a group (WBL 577) of six galaxies discovered by Barnard with the 12" refractor at Lick Observatory along with IC 4564/65/66/67.  Fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.7' diameter, bright core.  Stellar nucleus detected at 280x. Located between two mag 11.5-12 stars 1.3' WSW and 2.5' ENE.  Forms a close pair with IC 4562A just 1.2' NE.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4562 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "pretty bright, small, round, much brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).  He also indicated a very small nebula close northeast (IC 4562A), though was uncertain if it was a faint star.

 

His positions are not very accurate (particularly in RA) and the position for IC 4562 is 18 seconds too far west and 3.5' south.  Still the identifications are certain based on the sketch.  MCG doesn't identify its +07-32-034 as IC 4562.

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IC 4563 = MCG +07-32-033 = CGCG 222-029 = PGC 55565

15 36 03.7 +39 49 53; Boo

V = 14.1;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  PA = 163ˇ

 

24" (7/14/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 20"x15".  Second brightest in trio with NGC 5966 4.3' SW and IC 4560 2.1' SW.  Remarkable located 1' E of a mag 7.6 star and 1.8' N of a mag 6.8 star!

 

24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, slightly brighter core.  Located just 1' E of mag 7.6 HD 139323 and 1.8' N of mag 6.8 HD 139341 (1.1" double)!  NGC 5966 is 4.3' SW.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4563 = J. 3-1376, along with IC 4560, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.  His positions are 1.7' too far north as he confused his offset stars (using HD 139323) when computing the declination.

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IC 4564 = UGC 9930 = MCG +07-32-036 = CGCG 222-033 = WBL 577-003 = PGC 55584

15 36 27.0 +43 31 08; Boo

V = 13.4;  Size 1.3'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 70ˇ

 

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; faint, very elongated 5:2 or 3:1 E-W, ~0.9'x0.3', broad weak concentration.  A mag 15.4 star is off the W side [1' from center] and occasionally a mag 15.7 was glimpsed off the E side.  On a line between IC 4566 3' ENE, a mag 12 star 3' WSW and IC 4562 5.7' WSW.

 

17.5" (6/27/98): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 ~E-W, 1.0'x0.6', broad concentration.  A couple of mag 15 stars are 1' preceding.  This galaxy is the third of four on a line including IC 4562 5.6' WSW and IC 4566 3.0' ENE.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4564 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "slightly faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).

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IC 4565 = UGC 9931 = MCG +07-32-037 = CGCG 222-034 = WBL 577-004 = PGC 55592

15 36 35.1 +43 25 29; Boo

V = 14.4;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  PA = 8ˇ

 

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; very faint (visible with averted vision only), very elongated 2:1 N-S, ~25"x12", very low uniform surface brightness.  Faintest member of the sextet.

 

17.5" (6/27/98): this galaxy is the faintest of six in the IC 4562 group.  Required averted vision to view this extremely faint "knot", only 5"-10" in diameter.  Nearly equally spaced with a mag 15 star 1.8' NNE and a mag 12 star 3.7' NNE.  Located 6' SSE of IC 4564.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4565 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).

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IC 4566 = UGC 9933 = MCG +07-32-038 = CGCG 222-035 = WBL 577-005 = PGC 55601

15 36 42.1 +43 32 22; Boo

V = 13.3;  Size 1.6'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 165ˇ

 

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", brighter core.  At the east end of a 10' collinear string that includes IC 4564, IC 4562 and IC 4562A, as well as two mag 11.5-12 stars.

 

17.5" (6/27/98): faint, small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration.  Fourth of four on a line including IC 4564 3.0' WSW in a group of six galaxies.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4566 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "faintish, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).

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IC 4567 = UGC 9940 = MCG +07-32-040 = CGCG 222-037 = PGC 55620

15 37 13.2 +43 17 53; Boo

V = 13.3;  Size 1.4'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 125ˇ

 

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad weak concentration.  Easily held steadily with direct vision. A mag 15.5 star was barely glimpsed off the SW side [0.6' from center].

 

17.5" (6/27/98): last in the IC 4562 group (WBL 577).  Appears fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.7', broad concentration.  Located 7' ENE of a mag 8.2 SAO 45639 and 2.4' W of a mag 11.5 star.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4567 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "not faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch, though it was not published until 1906 (AN 4136).  The IC position is 3.5' too far SE but the identification is certain.

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IC 4568 = CGCG 166-028 = PGC 55746

15 40 07.6 +28 09 08; CrB

V = 14.2;  Size 0.6'x0.3';  PA = 40ˇ

 

17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness.  First in a group (USGC U718) of 8 IC galaxies including IC 4569/70/72/74/80/81/82.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4568 = J. 3-1377 on 24 Jul 1895.  His position corresponds with CGCG 166-028, the first in a group of 8 IC galaxies.

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IC 4569 = MCG +05-37-013 = CGCG 166-032 = WBL 581-002 = PGC 55783

15 40 48.4 +28 17 31; CrB

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.9

 

17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus. In a group (WBL 581) of faint galaxies including MCG +05-37-012 5.0' NW.

 

E.E. Barnard probably discovered IC 4569 = J. 3-1378 visually, along with IC 4572, on 29 Jan 1889.  See IC 4572.

 

Stephane Javelle rediscovered this galaxy on 25 Jul 1895 and his position matches CGCG 166-032.  Barnard didn't publish his discovery or notify Dreyer so Javelle is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4570 = UGC 9975 = MCG +05-37-014 = CGCG 166-035 = WBL 581-003 = PGC 55797

15 41 22.6 +28 13 47; CrB

V = 14.1;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.5

 

17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, fairly small, ~45" diameter with averted vision, very low surface brightness with no concentration.  This is one of the larger members of the faint IC 4568-81 group (WBL 581).

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4570 = J. 3-1379 on 24 Jul 1895.  His position corresponds with UGC 9975 in a group of 8 IC galaxies.

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IC 4572 = MCG +05-37-016 = CGCG 166-037n = PGC 55817

15 41 54.2 +28 08 02; CrB

V = 13.8;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  PA = 60ˇ

 

17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, elongated SW-NE, 40"x25", weak concentration.  Located 9' NE of mag 8.0 SAO 83949 in a group of IC galaxies discovered by Javelle.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4572 = J. 3-1380 visually, probably along with IC 4569, on 29 Jan 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  His position of 15h 36m 53s +28ˇ 25' (1889) corresponds with a group of IC galaxies (IC 4568, 4569, 4570, 4572, 4574), but is closest to IC 4572 and IC 4570.  The southeast galaxy on his simple sketch (probably IC 4572) is noted as "pF, pL, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish."  The northwest galaxy (either IC 4570 or IC 4569) is noted as "pS, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish."  The sketch of the 80x field shows a single star - probably mag 8.4 SAO 83949 = HD 140253.  If the field diameter is close to 40', then the second galaxy is more likely IC 4569 (separation of 17'), which has a higher surface brightness and was more evident in my visual observation.

 

Stephane Javelle found this galaxy again on 25 Jul 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory and measured an accurate position.  Barnard didn't publish his discovery or notify Dreyer so Javelle was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4574 = CGCG 166-038 = PGC 55820

15 41 59.1 +28 14 26; CrB

V = 15.2;  Size 0.6'x0.25';  PA = 23ˇ

 

17.5" (7/3/97): this was a marginal object with averted vision and was visible only for moments as an extremely small knot, <10" diameter.  Required GSC finder chart to pinpoint location.  Faintest of 8 galaxies picked up in a group.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4574 = J. 3-1382 on 25 Jul 1895.  His position corresponds with CGCG 166-038 in a group of 7 IC galaxies.

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IC 4580 = CGCG 166-041 = PGC 55862

15 43 14.3 +28 21 25; CrB

V = 14.6;  Size 0.6'x0.2';  PA = 170ˇ

 

17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, elongated 0.5'x0.2' ~N-S, no concentration.  A mag 12.5 star lies 1.8' ESE. 6th of 8 IC galaxies in a group.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4580 = J. 3-1387, along with IC 4581 and 4582, on 26 Jul 1895.  His micrometric offset lands precisely on CGCG 166-041 (his position for the reference star was off by 1' in dec).

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IC 4581 = MCG +05-37-019 = CGCG 166-046 = PGC 55893

15 44 01.5 +28 16 37; CrB

V = 14.5;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  PA = 22ˇ

 

24" (7/18/15): faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 24"x18", very weak concentration.  A mag 13.7 star lies 45" S.  IC 4580 lies 11.5' NW.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4581 = J. 3-1388, along with IC 4580 and 4582, on 26 Jul 1895.

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IC 4582 = UGC 10021 = MCG +05-37-020 = CGCG 166-052 = PGC 55967

15 45 39.4 +28 05 19; CrB

V = 14.0;  Size 1.3'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 172ˇ

 

24" (7/18/15): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 ~N-S, ~0.8'x0.25', very small brighter nucleus. Last in a group of 8 IC galaxies.  IC 4581 lies 24' NW.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4582 = J. 3-1389, along with IC 4580 and 4581, on 26 Jul 1895.

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IC 4584 = ESO 100-004 = AM 1555-661S = PGC 56627

16 00 12.3 -66 23 00; TrA

Size 1.7'x1.5';  PA = 96ˇ

 

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; faint, large, round, ~1.75' diameter, low even surface brightness.  Appears like a low surface brightness, diffuse nebulosity in a very rich star field!  Forms a close pair with IC 4585 3.7' N.   A group of a half-dozenmag 12-13 stars are between the two galaxies.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4584 = D.S. 426, along with IC 4585, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, S, iF."

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IC 4585 = ESO 100-005 = AM 1555-661N = PGC 56630

16 00 17.6 -66 19 20; TrA

V = 12.3;  Size 2.1'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 45ˇ

 

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.25'x0.5', very diffuse, broad concentration.  A mag 11.3 star is off the NE end [1.4' from center].  Forms a pair with IC 4584 3.7' S.  A group of a half-dozen mag 12-13 stars are between the two galaxies.

 

Both of these galaxies appear out of place as large, somewhat ghostly (low surface brightness) galaxies in a rich star field.  I might have assume they were faint emission nebulae. After the observation I found the secondary was dewed over and this likely degraded the view.

 

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4585 = D.S. 427, along with IC 4584, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, S, iF."

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IC 4586 = NGC 6014 = UGC 10091 = MCG +01-41-002 = CGCG 051-007 = PGC 56413

15 55 57.5 +05 55 56; Ser

V = 12.2;  Size 1.7'x1.6';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

See observing notes for NGC 6014.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4586 = Sw. 12-13 on 19 Aug 1897 and recorded "eF, S, R, bet *8 f[ollowing] and curve of stars p[receding]."  His description is a perfect match with NGC 6014, though his RA (noted as uncertain and only to the nearest minute of time) is off by a minute and his dec was 5' in error.  Dorothy Carlson equated the two numbers in her 1940 paper on NGC/IC Corrections.

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IC 4587 = CGCG 137-012 = PGC 56614

15 59 51.6 +25 56 26; CrB

V = 14.8;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  PA = 98ˇ

 

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, 18", very small brighter nucleus, small halo with averted.  Located 5' ENE of recurrent nova T Corona Borealis, nicknamed the "Blaze Star".  Normally about 10th magnitude, it increased to mag 2 and 3 in 1866 and 1946, respectively.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4587 visually on 27 Apr 1903 while observing the variable (recurrent nova) T Corona Borealis.  The star is normally around 10th magnitude (currently mag ~9.2) but blazed to second magnitude in 1866 and third magnitude in 1946.  From 1903 to 1907, Barnard periodically looked for evidence of a change in color or indication of a non-stellar appearance using the Yerkes 40-inch refractor.  In a report published in ApJ, 25, 279 (1907), he wrote, "While examining the star, I found a faint nebula in the field with it, following.  The nebula is of the 14th or 15th magnitude, and is from 5" to 10" in diameter, without any nucleus."  This object is Barnard's last known visual discovery.

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IC 4588 = AWM 4-3 = PGC 57025

16 05 04.3 +23 55 02; Ser

V = 15.2;  Size 0.4'x0.3';  PA = 134ˇ

 

24" (7/23/14): very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter.  Located 2' SE of NGC 6051 and 1.5' E of a mag 11.2 star in the cluster AWM 4.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4588 = J. 3-1391 on 15 Jul 1903 and noted "vF, vS, R, stellar, 5051 p.".  His position is a very good match with PGC 57025. 

 

The NGC has a typo "[NGC] 5051 p", instead of "[NGC] 6051 p."  The MCG, PGC, HyperLeda, SIMBAD (as well as Megastar, etc.) incorrectly equate IC 4588 with NGC 6051.  The correct identification is given in NED, NGC 2000.0 and the Deep Sky Field Guide.

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IC 4593 = PK 25+40.1 = PN G025.3+40.8 = White-Eyed Pea Nebula

16 11 44.5 +12 04 17; Her

V = 10.7;  Size 13"x10"

 

24" (6/30/22): at 109x; shows a distinct "blinking" effect.  Staring directly emphasizes the bright blue central star, but with averted a small halo is prominent.  Increasing to 457x, a prominent central star is encased in a very well defined, slightly elongated halo ~4:3 in a N-S orientation.

 

14.5" (7/11/21): identified very easily at 140x as a fairly bright, fuzzy blue "star".  Good, but not excellent, contrast gain with an OIII filter. At 226x, a small 10" disc surrounds a clearly seen central star in the high surface brightness glow. Increasing to 352x, the central star was much more prominent and the halo was slightly elongated NNW-SSE and seemed irregular.  A mag 9.4 star is 5' NW and the double star STF 2016 is 11' SE.  The planetary is along the line connecting these objects.

 

18" (7/20/06): at 160x the 10.5-mag central star is encased by a small, oval halo, elongated NNW-SSE, ~10"x7".  The planetary has the characteristic blue glow seen in this class of objects.  Good response to OIII blinking at this power.  The central star is more prominent at 225x and 325x but there were no additional details visible in fairly poor seeing.

 

17.5" (5/10/86): at 286x a bright 11th magnitude central star is visible surrounded by a small, slightly elongated halo, bluish color.  Located 11' NW of double star STF 2016 = 8.5/9.6 at 7".

 

8" (6/30/22): at 109x, IC 4593 was easily identified as a blue 11th mag fuzzy star situated 5' SE of a brighter mag 9.4 star.  Adding a NPB filter provides an excellent contrast gain and the planetary appears to outshine the star.

 

8" (6/81): stellar at 100x but a slightly elongated disc is easy to view at 220x-350x.  Located 12' NW of a mag 9 star.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4593 = Fleming 96 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate (Circular 124).  Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) described, "Central star about mag 10.  This is surrounded by a disk of brighter matter 11" in diameter, fading out a little towards the edges.  There is a bright wing at the north end in pa 347ˇ, and a smaller and fainter projection opposite this; fainter matter outside brings the whole diameter to about 15"."

 

The Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula, Sky Catalogue 2000.0 and the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas has the wrong RA of 16h 12.2m.  At this position on the U2000 is a mag 9 star as IC 4593 was recorded as a star in the BD catalogue.

 

John Mallas coined the nickname "White-Eyed Pea" in his Feb/Mar 1963 article "Visual Atlas of Planetary Nebulae-III", published in the "Review of Popular Astronomy".

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IC 4594 = NGC 6075 = MCG +04-38-038 = VV 380 = CGCG 137-055 = PGC 57426

16 11 22.6 +23 57 53; Her

V = 14.0;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 93ˇ

 

17.5" (5/28/89): faint, very small, broad concentration, faint stellar nucleus.  Located 8' N of mag 8.8 SAO 84237.

 

Stephane Javelle found IC 4594 = J. III-1393 on 20 July 1903.  He accidentally reversed the sign on the declination offset from his comparison star so his position for J. III-1393 (later IC 4594) is in error.  Once corrected, it is clear that IC 4594 = NGC 6075 (discovered by Stephan in 1881).  PGC and LEDA only identify this galaxy as NGC 6075.

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IC 4596 = ESO 516-009 = MCG -04-38-005 = PGC 57665

16 16 03.6 -22 37 31; Sco

V = 14.0;  Size 1.5'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 54ˇ

 

17.5" (7/22/00): extremely faint, very small, elongated at least 2:1 SW-NE, ~20"x10", low even surface brightness.  A mag 14 star is close north [37" from center] and a triangle of mag 12/13 stars lies 3' NNE.  Located 25' NW of globular cluster M80!

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4596 = D.S. 428 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "F, S, vE at 40ˇ, mbM, * N, prob. spiral."

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IC 4599 = PK 338+5.1 = He 2-155 = ESO 331-1 = PN G338.8+05.6

16 19 23.1 -42 15 36; Sco

V = 12.4;  Size 16"x13"

 

13.1" (3/17/86): at 79x appears as an out of focus star with an estimated V magnitude of 12.5-13.0.  Considerable contrast gain with an OIII filter.  Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.5' SSW and a mag 10 star 2.7' SE.  The planetary appears fainter than the two stars unfiltered but much brighter with a filter.  A small disc is clearly visible at 166x or higher.  Identified as He 2-155 in CGPN and ESO-Strausberg catalogues.

 

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4599 = F. 1144 on a plate taken on 20 Jun 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's Arequipa station.  He noted "Planetary, magn. about 15."  Kohoutek's "Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae" (CGPN) doesn't label PK 338+5.1 as IC 4599.

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IC 4601 = ESO 585-1 = Ced 129b = Ced 129c = LBN 1115 = vdB 102/103

16 20 00 -20 02; Sco

Size 20'x10'

 

18" (7/12/10): I immediately noticed IC 4601 at 108x while viewing Barnard 41 (about 15' NE).  This large reflection nebula (part of Rho Ophiuchi complex) contains two bright, striking pairs at 47" (SHJ 225 = 7.4/8.1) and 13" (SHJ 226 = 7.6/8.4).  Both of these pairs are encased within large, obvious hazy glows (vdB 102 and 103) with an irregular, elongated shape oriented NW-SE.  The glow was faintly visible in my 80mm finder at 13x.

 

13.1" (7/5/83): appears as a large, slightly milky and starless region involving two pretty double stars (SHJ 225 = 7.4/8.1 at 47" and SHJ 226 = 7.6/8.3 at 13") and a single star to the west.  This triangular region appears "lighter" than the surrounding background with a Deep Sky filter.  The north side has a more definite edge.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4601 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory.  He noted two bright BD stars (the latter is HD 147103) "to be strongly involved in diffused nebulosity which is slightly elongated np and sf."  DeLisle Stewart found the nebulosity again on an Arequipa plate taken in 1898 and reported D.S. 431 as "B, eL, nebulous wisps, involves AGC 22138-39 and 22150-1; extends 1m in RA and 12' in Dec."

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IC 4602 = NGC 6132 = UGC 10363 = MCG +02-42-002 = CGCG 080-020 = PGC 58002

16 23 38.8 +11 47 10; Her

V = 13.6;  Size 1.5'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 127ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 6132.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4602 = Sw. 11-183 on 22 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; F * near f[ollowing]; 2 B[right] stars in field south nearly point to it; eee diff."  There is nothing near Swift's position, but 1ˇ south is NGC 6132 and his description of the nearby stars fits.  So NGC 6132 = IC 4602. See Harold Corwin's identification notes for more on IC 4602.

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IC 4603 = ESO 517-2 = LBN 1109 = vdB 105 = Ced 131a

16 25 26.3 -24 27 57; Oph

Size 20'x10'

 

17.5" (6/30/00): this is a large, circular glow surrounding a 4' pair of mag 8/10 stars and part of the Rho Ophiuchi complex (2ˇ north of Antares).  The nebulosity extends roughly 8'-10' in diameter.  The setting is quite eerie as the 50' field is nearly devoid of all stars - just two other faint stars. The field has a dull gray appearance as if it was weakly luminous.

 

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4603, along with IC 4604, around 1883, probably with his 5" refractor.  In his 1895 paper "On a great photographic nebula near Antares", he stated "for fully ten or twelve years I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares. I tried a number of times to located this nebulosity, but could never definitely settle its extent and exact position. I first knew of its presence in my early comet seeking, having come across it repeatedly in my sweep."  In addition, he referred to a note made 15 June 1892, "A couple of years ago [at Lick Observatory] I found 2 stars involved in a very large diffused nebulosity.  They are strongly nebulous in the 6.5" and in the 12", but are best seen in the 6.5".  The stars are about 8.5 and 9.5 mag, the following star being the brighter.  They are 1.8ˇ north and 42' preceding Antares [apparently IC 4603].  This region and preceding it for some distance seems to consist of a vast but very diffused nebulosity."

 

At Lick he took an image of region on 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. He noted "the brighter and more complicated portions of the nebula center about Rho Ophiuchi, 22 Scorpii and a couple of small stars occupying the center of the equilateral triangle formed by Rho Oph, 22 and Sigma Scorpii."  The "couple of small stars occupying the center" are involved with IC 4603.

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IC 4604 = ESO 517-3 = LBN 1111 = vdB 106 = Ced 131b

16 25 35.1 -23 26 50; Oph

Size 60'x25'

 

17.5" (6/30/00): this northern section of the Rho Ophiuchi nebula surrounds three bright stars including mag 5 Rho Ophiuchi (a close double at 3" separation) and two mag 7 stars 2.5' N and WSW.  The glow appears most evident around the bright star.  The dusty surrounding field (Barnard 42) is nearly empty of stars.

 

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4604, the Rho Ophiuchi Nebula, around 1883 using his 5" refractor.  See notes on IC 4603.

 

Caroline Herschel, in a letter to her nephew John Herschel, wrote she "once heard your father, after a long awful silence, exclaim "Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel! [Here is truly a hole in the heavens!]Ó.  She added her brother returned to this unique region several nights over several years.  Caroline urged John to search for this object in the lower part of Scorpion during his trip to South Africa.  John sent Caroline a letter from the Cape of Good Hope dated 22 Feb 1835 in which he stated the region near Rho Ophiuchi contained fields Ňwithout the smallest star."  In 1928 Johann Hagen, director of the Vatican Observatory, claimed William Herschel's "Hole in the heavensÓ referred to B86, but Joseph Ashbrook stated it referred to the Rho Oph region in an "Astronomical ScrapbookÓ column.

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IC 4605 = ESO 517-8 = LBN 1110 = vdB 108 = Ced 133

16 30 12.5 -25 06 55; Sco

Size 30'x30'

 

17.5" (6/30/00): this section of the Rho Ophiuchi reflection nebula appears as a faint halo surrounding 5th magnitude 22 Scorpii.  A mag 7 companion lies 3.6' SW.  As with other sections of the nebula, the surrounding field is strangely devoid of stars and the background has a grayish sheen as if it is feebly glowing.  Barnard 44 is a huge dark lane that extends roughly 6ˇ ENE.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4605 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory.  It's possible he discovered it visually (along with IC 4603 and 4604) as early as 1882 or 1883 with his 5" refractor, although he only claimed "for fully 10 or 12 years [before 1895] I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares.

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IC 4606 = NGC 6144?

16 27 14.0 -26 01 25; Sco

V = 9.1;  Size 9.3'

 

See observing notes for NGC 6144.

 

William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4606 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope.  There is nothing at his position, though the RA was only roughly given to the nearest minute.  ESO reported the number as not found and Harold Corwin called it lost.  But in 2004 David Frew suggested that IC 4606 "is just an observation of the globular cluster NGC 6144 with an error in position [4.3 min of time too large]. His description fits perfectly: "follows a faint star 4.5 secs., and is 0.5 [arcmin] S."  There is a 12th magnitude star on the north-preceding side of the core, so this identification seems very plausible.

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IC 4608 = EO 043-IG4 = AM 1639-772 = PGC 58968

16 46 54.0 -77 29 19; Aps

V = 13.7;  Size 0.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 80ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 E-W, ~36"x27"  Appears to have a slightly brighter bar running ~E-W (direction of drift).  A nice equal mag doube is 2.4' N (SKF 454 = 11.7/12.1 at 5").  IC 4608 is situated in a busy star field 12' ENE of mag 4.2 Beta Apus!  On the DSS this galaxy has an unusual arc-shaped appearance.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4608 = D.S. 432 on a plate taken 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 85ˇ, bM."  ESO classifies it as an interacting system due to the unusual morphology.

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IC 4610 = PGC 58499

16 33 39.2 +39 15 27; Her

V = 15.5;  Size 0.7'x0.2';  PA = 45ˇ

 

17.5" (8/21/98): first in a small trio with IC 4611 and IC 4612.  Appears extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter.  No details were visible and it required averted vision for a decent view.  This galaxy is possibly slightly fainter than IC 4611.  Located 2.0' W of IC 4612 and 1.2' ESE of a mag 12 star.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4610 = J. 3-1396, along with IC 4611 and 4612, on 25 Jul 1903.  His position matches PGC 58499. This galaxy is not included in UGC, MCG or CGCG.  MCG, PGC and RC3 misidentifies IC 4612 as IC 4610 (PGC incorrectly equates the two numbers).

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IC 4611 = MCG +07-34-112 = PGC 58498

16 33 42.3 +39 11 06; Her

V = 15.0;  Size 0.5'x0.45';  PA = 0ˇ

 

17.5" (8/21/98): second of three with IC 4610 and IC 4612.  Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter.  Contains a very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision.  Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with a mag 13.5 star 1.8' WNW and a mag 14 star 1.6' N.  Appears similar to IC 4610.  This identification assumes Javelle gave the wrong sign on the direction of offset from his comparison star.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4611 = J. 3-1397, along with IC 4610, on 25 Jul 1902.  There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle must have reserved the offset sign from his comparison star.  Once corrected, his re-reduced position falls directly on MCG +07-34-112 = PGC 58498.  Dreyer copied this error into the IC 2 and as a result modern sources (except for NED) fail to identify this galaxy as IC 4611.  Javelle observed the trio again on 27 Jul 1908 and included IC 4611 as a new discovery (J. 1850) in his unpublished 4th catalogue!

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IC 4612 = MCG +07-34-113 = CGCG 224-072 = I Zw 157 = PGC 58505

16 33 49.6 +39 15 47; Her

V = 14.1;  Size 0.6'x0.6'

 

17.5" (8/21/98): brightest in a trio with IC 4610 and IC 4611. Appears faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration.  Forms the southern vertex of a small equilateral triangle with a mag 13 star 1.0' NNW and a mag 14 star 1.0' NE.  IC 4610 lies 2.0' WSW and IC 4611 is 4.9' SSW.  This group is located one degree east of the core of AGC 2199 (NGC 6166) and is referenced in NED.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4612 = J. 3-1398, along with IC 4610 and 4611 on 25 Jul 1903.  The IC position matches CGCG 224-072 = PGC 58505, but modern catalogues misidentify this galaxy as IC 4610 (MCG, RC3) or IC 4610 = IC 4612 (PGC).

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IC 4614 = MCG +06-36-057 = CGCG 196-087 = PGC 58641

16 37 47.2 +36 06 54; Her

V = 14.2;  Size 0.4'x0.4'

 

18" (6/7/08): faint (visible continuously with averted), fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", low even surface brightness.  Located 2.9' NNW of brighter NGC 6196 and third of three in chain.

 

17.5" (6/6/86): faint, small, very diffuse, a larger but very faint halo is barely visible.  A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' NW.  Faintest of three on a line with NGC 6196 2.9' SSE and NGC 6197  7.6' SSE.

 

13.1" (8/5/83): extremely faint, very small.  A faint star is off the NW edge 17" from the center.  Farthest north of a trio with NGC 6196 and IC 4616.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4614 = Big. 324 on 28 Jun 1895, while searching for NGC 6194, 6196, 6197, and 6199.  Because of the poor discovery positions for NGC 6196 and 6197, Bigourdan rediscovered these galaxies and they also carry the IC designations IC 4615 and 44616, respectively.

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IC 4615 = NGC 6196 = UGC 10482 = MCG +06-36-058 = CGCG 196-088 = PGC 58644

16 37 53.9 +36 04 22; Her

V = 12.9;  Size 2.0'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 140ˇ

 

18" (6/7/08): middle and brightest of three on a line.  At 260x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, sharply concentrated with a bright, 20" core that increases to a stellar nucleus with direct vision and a 35"x25" halo.  IC 4614 lies 3' NNW and NGC 6197 is 5' SSE.

 

17.5" (6/6/86): brightest in the NGC 6196 group.  Fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, bright core, fairly faint stellar nucleus.  A pair of mag 15 stars are 1.3' S and 1.3' SSE.  NGC 6196 is the middle of a linear trio with IC 4614 3.0' NNW and NGC 6197 = IC 4616 4.8' SSE.  An extremely faint galaxy (2MASX J16374842+3603393) lies 1.3' SW.

 

13.1" (8/5/83): fairly faint, bright core.

 

13.1" (7/5/83): faint, small, round, small bright core.  Brightest in group located 45' W and 24' S of M13!

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4615 = Big. 325 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6196.  Because of Marth's poor position (off by 39 seconds of RA to far west and 1.6' too far north), he rediscovered this galaxy and misidentified NGC 6196 with a faint star.  MCG and CGCG labeled this galaxy as IC 4615 and UGC didn't use either the NGC or IC designation.  See Harold Corwin's notes for more on this field.

 

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IC 4616 = NGC 6197 = MCG +06-36-059 = CGCG 196-089 = PGC 58655

16 37 59.8 +35 59 43; Her

V = 14.5;  Size 0.6'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 38ˇ

 

18" (6/7/08): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 20"x14".  Located 5' SSE of NGC 6196 and second brightest in chain of three galaxies.

 

17.5" (6/6/86): faint, very small, almost round.  A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' SE.  This is the second brightest and furthest south in a trio with NGC 6196 4.8' NNW and IC 4614 7.6' NNW.  This galaxy is identified as IC 4616 in the CGCG and MCG and RNGC misidentifies NGC 6197 with an extremely faint companion a 1.3' SW of NGC 6196.

 

13.1" (8/5/83): very faint, very small, near visual threshold.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4616 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6197.  Due to Albert Marth's very poor position for NGC 6197, Bigourdan misidentified a faint star as NGC 6197 and rediscovered NGC 6197 as Big. 426 (later IC 4616).  CGCG, MCG and UGC label this galaxy as IC 4616, due to its unambiguous position, though NGC 6197 should apply by historical precedence.  See NGC 6197 for more on the identification.

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IC 4617 = LEDA 2085077

16 42 08.1 +36 41 03; Her

V = 15.2;  Size 50"x20";  PA = 30ˇ

 

24" (6/16/12): at 280x; very faint, small, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~24"x10".  Situated just 18" W of a mag 14.7 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14-15 stars.

 

18" (7/23/06): viewed at both 225x and 323x and appeared as an extremely faint elongated glow just west of a mag 14-14.5 star at the SW vertex of a small trapezoidal asterism of mag 14 stars.  The galaxy required averted vision and was not held continuously but was visible as an elongated glow 2.5:1 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~0.3'x0.1', with a very low even surface brightness.

 

18" (7/17/04): extremely faint, very small, elongated nearly 3:1 SSW-NNE.  Visible perhaps 50% of the time at 250x with averted vision.  A mag 14 star is very close following (part of a small parallelogram).  If I moved this object NE of center, part of the outer halo of M13 was visible at the SW edge of the field providing an interesting contrast!

 

17.5" (7/16/93): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, difficult and cannot hold continuously with averted vision.  Located about 14' NNE of the core of M13 and 15' SW of NGC 6207!  A mag 14 star is close following 19" ESE of center and this star forms the SW vertex of a small parallelogram of mag 14 stars with sides approximately 1.5'x0.5'.

 

17.5" (7/16/88): marginal object, very small, elongated SSW-NNE, mag 14 star close following.

 

17.5" (8/21/87): extremely faint, very small streak oriented SW-NE.  Located just west of a mag 14 star that forms one vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14 stars.  Only visible part of the time (~20%) with averted.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4617 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer (date and instrument unknown), but I assume it was using the 48" at Lick Observatory.  His reported RA was 50 seconds of time too small but his description "S, E 29ˇ, bM" clearly matches.

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IC 4618 = ESO 043-009 = AM 1650-765 = PGC 59325

16 57 50.0 -76 59 35; Aps

V = 12.0;  Size 1.7'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 118ˇ

 

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x this highly peculiar appeared moderately bright, round, 1.1' halo, irregular surface brightness but with no distinct core.  There was hint of mottling or knotty structure.  On images this galaxy has an unusual twisted bar with distorted extensions.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4618 = D.S. 433 on a plate taken on 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "!! eF, eS, 2-branch spiral."

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IC 4621 = UGC 10576 = MCG +01-43-004 = CGCG 053-015 = PGC 59104

16 50 51.2 +08 47 01; Her

Size 0.8'x0.6';  PA = 147ˇ

 

24" (8/25/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25" NW-SE, weak concentration, slightly mottled or irregular surface brightness (probably the halo of a spiral). A mag 11.8 star is 1.2' NW and a mag 14 star is 1.4' E.  Situated very close to the Ophiuchus border.

 

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4621 = K. 2-36 on 15 May 1890 (published in 1898) with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg.  He identified this object as Kobold 10 (his 10th discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.

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IC 4625 = NGC 6240 = UGC 10592 = MCG +00-43-004 = CGCG 025-011 = VV 617 = PGC 59186

16 52 58.9 +02 24 04; Oph

V = 12.9;  Size 2.1'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 20ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 6240.

 

E.E. Barnard found IC 4625 (= NGC 6240) on 7 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and noted (from observing log) "Ran upon a nebula close south-preceding a 10m star.  Nebula is 2 seconds p[receding] the star and 1/4' ± south."  His position was 2' too far north, but the star is right at his offsets, so there is no question that IC 4625 = NGC 6240.  Dreyer added the comment "? = 6240" in the IC description.  See NGC 6240 for more.

 

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IC 4627 = LEDA 165701

16 54 08.7 -07 38 08; Oph

Size 0.6'x0.25';  PA = 74ˇ

 

24" (7/14/20): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness. The exact position was easy to identify as the galaxy lies 30" NW of a mag 13.3 star.  Once identified, I could nearly hold it continuously with averted in my sweet spot. 

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4627 (date unknown), probably with the Lick 36" refractor, and directly communcated to Dreyer without publication.  The IC description ("extremely faint, extremely small, diffused, * 12 south 12") and position matches LEDA 165701.

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IC 4628 = ESO 332-14 = Gum 56 = Ced 137b = Prawn Nebula

16 57 00 -40 20; Sco

Size 90'x60'

 

18" (6/12/10): this large HII region is embedded in the northern half of Tr 24, a sprawling 60' cluster just north of NGC 6231.  Using 108x and UHC filter, IC 4628 stood out as a very large, fairly bright glow within Tr 24.  The main glow was elongated E-W, roughly 30'x12' with mag 7.2 HD 152723 just off the S side.  The northern side has a fairly well-defined edge and a number of mag 8-10 stars are embedded along the SW and W end of the nebulosity.  A fainter extension begins on the E end and extends NE for ~15', ending in a brighter HII patch (G345.31+01.47) peppered with several stars and involving the infrared cluster [DBS2003] 114.

 

Tr 24 is a striking, very large, bright scattered grouping that overfills the 56' field with no distinct borders.  A number of the stars appeared to be grouped into long chains with smaller knots and concentrations including vdB-Ha 202 and vdB-Ha 205.

 

Ru 122 = vdB-Ha 202, situated 10' NNW of mag 6.1-6.4 V861 Sco, is located in a beautifully rich region on the SW side of Tr 24. Within this string is a 15" pair of mag 10 stars and just south of a mag 9 situated 2' NW of the double is vdB-Ha 202, a faint, very rich dusting of stars that is elongated ~N-S.  The cluster is dense, just 2' in length and only partially resolved.  A group of faint stars spread out E-W off the south end.

 

vdB-Ha 205, situated 20' NE of vdB-Ha 202, consists of 20 stars mag 7.5 to 13.5 in a distinctive 4' group.  The brightest star is on the NW  side.  The center and south side of the group is devoid of stars.  A smaller clump of stars 7' S of vdB-Ha 205 is catalogued as ESO 332-011.  Another string of stars 7' NE is listed as ESO 332-013.

 

8" (7/13/91 - Southern Baja): this is an emission nebula on the north side of a large open cluster Tr 24 = H12.  Appears fairly faint, very large, about 30'x10' diameter and clearly elongated E-W.  Shows up best with the UHC filter at 83x although visible without a filter.  Includes some brighter portions.  Also visible in the 16x80 finder with a UHC filter.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4628 between 1892 and 1895 on a plate taken at Lick Observatory.  In Lick Publications Vol 11, 1913, Plate 37 he describes: "The coarse cluster in 16h 48m, -40.3ˇ does not seem to be in Dreyer's lists.  It is a very interesting object and appears to be connected by a scattering chain of stars, with the cluster [NGC] 6231 south of it.  In its northern part is the nebula IC 4628.  This was originally discovered on a plate with the Willard lens, but no announcement was made of it.  It is a large nebula one half degree in diameter and of irregular form and brightness.  A photograph with the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mount Wilson in 1905 (June 21) shows the irregular group of stars and the nebula very beautifully.  There are still fainter portions that extend half a degree to the northeast.  The nebulosity, apparently, does not condense about any one of the stars and is probably not actually connected with the cluster."

 

Royal Harwood Frost also found IC 4628 = F. 1148 on a photographic place taken in 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's Arequipa station and both are credited in the IC.  The nebula was also reported in 1909 on a photograph taken by Harry E. Wood with the Franklin-Adams camera at the Transvaal Observatory in Johannesburg.  It was imaged again in 1921-1922 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt and described as "faint, extending 30' in R.A. and 15' in Declinatin, typical galactic nebula."

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IC 4630 = UGC 10607 = MCG +04-40-007 = CGCG 139-020 = VV 852 = Mrk 1111 = PGC 59257

16 55 09.6 +26 39 46; Her

V = 14.0;  Size 0.8'x0.5';  PA = 6ˇ

 

24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint/moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", very small bright core and stellar nucleus.  I wasn't confident about seeing the tidal tail to the south.  A mag 10 star is 4.4' SSW (brightest star in a small asterism) and another is 4.3' NE.

 

LEDA 1783536 was also picked up 6.6' ESE.  It was extremely faint (V = 15.6), very small, round, 10" diameter, low surface brightness with no concentration.  Situated 25" S of a mag 14.5 star and 1.6' W of a mag 13 star.

 

24" (7/14/15): at 375x, fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~22"x16".  Contains a bright stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus.  I had a couple of definite "pops" of the tidal tail extending to the south.

 

24" (7/24/14): at 375x, this post-merger system appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3'.  Strongly concentrated with a very small bright core containing very bright, sharp stellar nucleus.  With careful viewing, there was a very strong impression of an extension (tidal plume) extending south.  The narrow tidal tail extending northeast on the SDSS image was not seen.

 

18" (7/12/10): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 0.6'x0.4'.  Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core.  Forms the vertex of a flat isosceles triangle with a mag 10 star 4.4' SSW and another mag 10 stars a similar distance northeast.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4630 = J. 3-1400 on 27 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.  He recorded "F, R, 20", stellar nucleus of mag 14." and measured an accurate position.  VV 852 is the category of "Jets and Tails without Visible Cause"

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IC 4633 = ESO 044-003 = AM 1705-773 = KTS 54A = PGC 59884

17 13 47.0 -77 32 10; Aps

V = 13.0;  Size 4.0'x3.0';  Surf Br = 15.5;  PA = 146ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, very large, slightly elongated NW-SE, low surface brightness.  Contains a relatively small brighter core.  The halo appears to fade into the background with no distinct edge but perhaps 3' along the major axis.  Brightest in a trio (KTS 54) with IC 4635 6.7' NE and ESO 044-010 22' NE.

 

IC 4633 resides in a fairly rich star field 15' W of mag 8.7 HD 153435.  Deep images show the field is awash in very faint galactic nebulosity (interstellar flux nebula = IFN) and the galaxy appears to be emmersed in the nebulosity.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4633 = D.S. 437 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "!very faint, cL, considerably brighter middle, possibly spiral."

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IC 4634 = PK 0+12.1 = ESO 587-1 = PN G000.3+12.2 = HD 153655

17 01 33.6 -21 49 34; Oph

V = 10.9;  Size 11"x9"

 

8" (6/30/22): at 109x; appears as a fairly bright blue "star", which is fainter than a mag 10 star 6' S, but slightly brighter than the mag 11 star 4.6' SSE.  A narrowband filter turns up the contrast 2-3 mags and it appears significantly brighter than the mag 10 star. Increasing to 176x shows a slightly non-stellar halo and 229x reveals an obvious small disc ~10" diameter.  IC 4634 is at the midpoint of the mag 11 star to the south and a similar star to the NNW.

 

14.5" (7/7/21): at 182x; very bright, compact, high surface brightness disc ~10" diameter.  Good but not excellent contrast gain with UHC filter.  At 264x; fairly strong blue color, nice small disc.  At 352x, the central star was visible in a high surface brightness oval disc, elongated NNW-SSE, ~15"x10".  Situated midway between two mag 10.5 stars ~4.5' N and S.

 

18" (8/19/09): picked up immediately at 225x as a bright, 11th magnitude, very small, bluish disc, ~8" diameter.  Responds well to blinking with an OIII filter.  At 450x, the high surface brightness 8" disc has an irregular outline and is surrounded by a thin, very faint envelope that increases the diameter to ~12".  In moments of better seeing, a very faint central star emerges within the high surface brightness glow.  A distinctive right triangle of mag 12-13 stars follows (closest star is 1.3' due east).

 

18" (7/22/06): picked up at 225x as a bright, small, blue disc of very high surface brightness.  Good contrast gain using the UHC filter.  Appears much brighter than the similar mag 11 star using the filter.  At 435x, the planetary is slightly elongated N-S, ~10"x8" with a strong flash of a central star.  There appears to be a much fainter, very thin envelope encasing the high surface brightness disc.  Similar view at 565x though the elongation was clearer and the outer envelope increased in size to ~15"x11".

 

17.5" (7/16/93): very bright compact planetary.  A very small disc is visible at 220x.  At 410x, appears as a small disc about 10" diameter, slightly elongated.  Unusually high surface brightness.  Estimate V = 11-11.5.  A similar mag 11 star lies 4.6' N.

 

8" (6/19/82): fairly bright, very small, blue-green color.  Appears stellar at 100x and just non-stellar at 200x.  A small disc is clearly visible at 400x.  Located 5' S of a similar mag 11 star.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4634 = Fleming 72 in 1894 on an objective-prism plate taken at the Harvard's Arequipa station.  It was included in a list of "stars having peculiar spectra", published in Astronomy & Astro-physics, Vol. XIII, 1894. The notes section mentions "An observation of this object on May 10, 1894, with the 15-inch equatorial, by Mr. O.C. Wendall, confirms the photographic results.  Its visual spectrum is the same as that of other gaseous nebulae and it presents a hazy disc when seen with a high power.

 

Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "the oval disk fades out slightly toward the edges; is 10"x7" in short and 11"x9" in long exposures.  There are faint ansae in 160-340ˇ, making the total length 20"."

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IC 4635 = ESO 044-005 = KTS 54B = PGC 59959

17 15 39.2 -77 29 22; Aps

V = 14.0;  Size 3.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 14.6;  PA = 165ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.2'x0.25', low surface brightness.  A distracting mag 13 star is superimposed at or very close to the west edge of the south end.  Only the portion of the galaxy north of this star was obvious. A ghostly extension south of the star was just suspected.  The nucleus of the galaxy is a very small brighter spot 0.6' N of the superimposed star.  A mag 10 star lies 4.3' ESE.

 

IC 4635 is the second in a trio (KTS 54) with IC 4633 6.7' SW and ESO 044-010 16' NE.  Like IC 4633, this galaxy resides among streams of very faint galactic nebulosity (IFN) in a very photogenic field.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4635 = D.S. 438 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, eS, considerably brighter in the middle"

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IC 4637 = PK 345+0.1 = ESO 332-21 = PN G345.4+00.1

17 05 10.5 -40 53 09; Sco

V = 11.7;  Size 21"x17"

 

14.5" (7/7/21): picked up using 140x as a small bright disc ~15" diameter, between mag 11.5-12.0. Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter!  The blue-grey disc was better seen at 182x and the mag 13 central star was often visible.  Easily takes 226x, despite a very low elevation at -41ˇ declination.  Appears oval with a fairly sharp central star.  A small equilateral triangle of mag 11.5-12 stars is ~3' S.  Located 2ˇ E of the naked-eye stream of stars to the north of NGC 6231.  To identify the field, I located a distinct arc (1.5' length) of 4 stars situated 15' NW.

 

13.1" (4/10/86): at 166x, fairly bright, small, about 15" diameter, estimate V = 12.0.  At 214x the mag 13 central star is visible in good moments, otherwise the planetary has a brighter center.  The disc can be resolved at 79x.  Located 13' N of mag 8 SAO 227611.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4637 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Boyden station in Arequipa, Peru (Harvard Circular 60).

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IC 4638 = MCG +06-37-021 = CGCG 197-026 = PGC 59446

17 01 13.7 +33 30 47; Her

V = 14.9;  Size 0.55'x0.55'

 

24" (7/18/20): at 375x; very faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness.  Just held continuously once it was picked up.  Located 6' SW of 5.3-magnitude 59 Herculi and 2.6' NW of a mag 9.7 star.

 

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4638 on 25 Mar 1889 with the Lick 36-inch refractor while observing nearby 5th magnitude 59 Herculi.  He didn't measure an offset at the time, though Barnard made measurements from 59 Her on 19 May 1889 (his computed position is accurate) and added the note "nebula is very small and very faint - power = 175".  Burnham later measured the offset with the Yerkes 40-inch refractor in 1899 and reported the measures in the appendix of his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars.

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IC 4640 = ESO 024-001 = KTS 55A = PGC 60209

17 23 58.3 -80 03 51; Aps

Size 1.2'x1.1'

 

25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, diffuse, round, 30" diameter, no distinct core.  A mag 12.7 star is 1' S.  In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4641 5' S and IC 4647 9.5' SE.

 

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4640 = D.S. 439 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 4641 = ESO 024-002 = KTS 55B = PGC 60221

17 24 10.3 -80 08 51; Aps

Size 1.4'x1.2';  PA = 29ˇ

 

25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; faint, fairly large, round, 1' diameter, very diffuse glow with a low surface brightness and no core. A very wide pair of 13th mag stars are close SE [by 0.8' and 1.4'].  In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4640 5' N and IC 4647 5.6' SE.

 

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4641 = D.S. 440 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 4642 = PK 334-9.1 = ESO 180-4 = PN G334.3-09.3

17 11 45.3 -55 24 01; Ara

V = 12.4;  Size 18"x15"

 

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, small, round, compact planetary in a rich star field.  Picked up immediately at 171x and UHC filter as the 15" disc was obvious.  At 228x the surface seemed a bit irregular with a hint of a starry center.  Located just north of the midpoint connecting Beta and Zeta Arae, 2ˇ ESE and 2ˇ WSW.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4642 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60) .

 

Harlow Shapley reported it as a PN with the designation IC 4642 in a 1936 paper "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin 902).  He noted "IC 4642 was found and recognized a planetary nebulae on a Harvard spectrum plate by Mrs. Fleming in 1901."  Shapley's announcement also includes Shapley 1 and 3.

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IC 4643 = NGC 6301 = UGC 10723 = MCG +07-35-034 = CGCG 225-049 = PGC 59681

17 08 32.9 +42 20 19; Her

V = 13.4;  Size 2.3'x1.4';  Surf Br = 14.5;  PA = 115ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 6301.

 

Johann Palisa found IC 4643 (= NGC 6301) on 6 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory.  His micrometric position in AN 143 (#3412) matches NGC 6301.  It's surprising that both Dreyer and Palisa missed the equivalence.

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IC 4647 = ESO 024-005 = KTS 55C = PGC 60280

17 26 03.7 -80 11 42; Aps

Size 1.5'x0.7';  PA = 177ˇ

 

25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, 24"x15", very small bright nucleus.  A mag 15.6 star is at the south end.  In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4641 5.6' NW and IC 4640 9.5' NW.

 

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4647 = D.S. 443 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 4649 = IC 1252 = UGC 10788 = MCG +10-24-120 = CGCG 299-068 = PGC 59962

17 15 50.4 +57 22 01; Dra

V = 14.5;  Size 1.0'x0.2';  PA = 142ˇ

 

See observing notes for IC 1252.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4649 = Big. 429 on 5 Sep 1888.  According to Harold Corwin, IC 4649 is a duplicate entry for IC 1252 = Big. 217, and was noted by Bigourdan in his Table II on new nebulae and stemmed from an error in record keeping.

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IC 4651 = ESO 228-2 = Cr 327

17 24 29 -49 56 00; Ara

V = 6.9;  Size 12'

 

11" (8/8/04 - from top of Haleakala Crater): IC 4651 was first noticed in my 10x30 IS binoculars while looking at NGC 6352.  It was seen as an obvious knot 1.5ˇ to the south.  At 127x, I was surprised to find a beautifully rich open cluster with over 100 stars mag 10-13.5 in at least a 15' field.  The stars are fairly uniform in distribution with a weak central concentration, though several form loops and chains surrounding blank regions.  The brightest star (mag 8.9 K3-type) is on the east side. This is an intermediate-age cluster between 1-2 billion years old.  Located 1ˇ west of mag 2.8 Alpha Arae.

 

James Dunlop discovered IC 4651= D 402 on 28 Jul 1826 and described it as "a very fine round cluster of very small stars, slightly compressed to the centre, about 8' diameter, not very rich."  His mean position (based on 3 observations) was on the south side of the cluster.

 

John Herschel didn't confirm Dunlop's observation despite his decent position and as a result it didn't receive a NGC designation.  Solon Bailey rediscovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" lens at the Arequipa station.  The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908).  Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4662 = ESO 102-014 = PK 328-17.1 = He 2-269 = PGC 60851 = PGC 60849 = PGC 60853

17 47 06.4 -64 38 25; Pav

V = 11.3;  Size 2.8'x1.6';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 105ˇ

 

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x, this irregular galaxy has a disrupted appearance or perhaps is interacting with a companion.  The structure is difficult to separate but the brighter component on the northeast side is moderately bright, small, elongated WNW-ESE.  Attached on the south side is a larger, but fainter extension oriented nearly perpendicular to the brighter component.  A faint star is at the edge.  IC 4662 is located just 10' NE of mag 3.7 Eta Pavonis and the bright star interferes with viewing if left in the field.

 

According to the article "Star formation in the irregular galaxy IC 4662" (A&A, 1990, 234, 99) the elongated knot on the northeast side contains two giant HII regions comparable to the 30 Doradus complex!  IC 4662 is identical to He 2-269 (PK 328-17.1), which Karl Henize included in a 1967 list of planetary nebulae discovered through H-alpha emission on objective prism plates.  In a 1970 paper, Pastoriza gave the classification as a nearby dwarf emission line galaxy with a radial velocity of ~400 km/sec (less than 10 million l.y.).

 

Robert Innes discovered IC 4662 visually in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Cape of Good Hope.  He noted "a faint oval nebula 1' in diameter, N.p. Eta Pavonis.  Found with the 7-inch."  Based on plates taken at Arequipa also in 1901, though not published until 1908, DeLisle Stewart described it as "F, S, irr, 2 st. inv."  Stewart referenced Innes' discovery announcement in MN 62, 470.

 

Based on plates taken before 1930 with the 60-inch reflector (mirror from Andrew Ainslie Common) at Harvard's Boyden Station at Bloemfontein in South Africa, Harlow Shapley and John S. Paraskevopoulos wrote: "A new object of the Magellanic Cloud type is revealed by the photograph of IC 4662 [which] is resolved on the 60-inch plates, but its brightest stars are of about the nineteenth magnitude, with star clusters up to the fifteenth magnitude or brighter."

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IC 4663 = PK 346-8.1 = ESO 279-6 = PN G346.2-08.2

17 45 28.6 -44 54 18; Sco

V = 12.1;  Size 14"x12"

 

13.1" (7/12/86): at 166x a nice disc about 15" diameter is clearly visible.  Appears brighter than planetary Hb 4 by half a magnitude, estimate V = 12.5.  Easily takes 214x power and a mag 13 star is visible 45" ENE of center.  Located 17' N of double star HJ 4973 = 8.3/9.1 at 13.1".  Very far south for viewing from Northern California.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4663 = Fleming 97 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).

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IC 4665 = Cr 349

17 46 18 +05 43; Oph

V = 4.2;  Size 41'

 

15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): easy naked-eye cluster just 1.3ˇ NNE of Beta Oph.  Beautifully resolved in binoculars into 25-30 stars.

 

8" (5/80): very bright, very large, overfills 100x field (40'), scattered, includes STF 2212 = 8.5/9.0 at 3".  Naked-eye cluster with averted vision (1.3ˇ NNE of mag 2.8 Beta Oph) and bright and resolved in 10x50 binoculars.

 

Philippe Loys de ChŽseaux discovered IC 4665 in 1745-46 from Switzerland.  Although his list of nebulae was presented to the AcadŽmie des Sciences in 1746 it was not generally known until Bigourdan published it in 1892.  John Bode independently discovered the cluster around 1782.

 

Wolfgang Steinicke's research found that William Herschel independently discovered the cluster on 15 Jul 1781 during his second star review with his 6.2" reflector. He noted a "a fine cluster of small stars" near Beta Ophiuchi.  Caroline Herschel also found it on 31 Jul 1783 with her 4.2" comet-sweeper.  She wrote, "a cluster of stars. I counted about 50 in the field; rather more or less. (My Brother's)."  The same evening William confimred it in his 6.2" as a "Cluster of Stars. 1 1/3 degree from Beta Serpentarii towards S. It consists of about 14 to 16 large ones with several very small ones between. 7-ft, compound [eye]piece. Lina found them [not remembering his earlier observation]."

 

Solon Bailey also discovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru.  The discovery was reported in the 1908 "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII).  Although it was previous observed multiple times visually, Bailey was miscredited with the discovery in the IC.  Of course, the cluster is easily seen as a fuzzy patch naked-eye, so it was likely noticed much earlier than de ChŽseaux's telescopic discovery..

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IC 4669 = UGC 10992 = CGCG 300-069 = PGC 60856

17 47 12.9 +61 26 03; Dra

V = 14.1;  Size 0.7'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 94ˇ

 

18" (6/21/03): faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 E-W, 1.0'x0.3'.  Low, even surface brightness.  Located 4' WSW of mag 9.7 SAO 17637.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4669 = Big. 328 on 24 Sep 1895. His Comptes Rendus position (used in the IC2) is 1' north of UGC 10992, so the identification is certain.  But UGC doesn't label its 10992 as IC 4669.

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IC 4670 = Hb 6 = PK 7+1.1 = PN G007.2+01.8

17 55 07.0 -21 44 41; Sgr

V = 13.3;  Size 7"

 

24" (7/23/20): at 220x, 375x and 550x; bright, very small, round, 5"-7" diameter.  Excellent response to a UHC filter.  Appears brighter along the rim on the N to W quadrant.  A mag 10.7 star is 2' NE.  The PN is brighter than the mag 13.6 star is 40" E but fainter than the mag 12 star is 3' E, so perhaps mag 12.5-13. The double star ARA 1504 (10.6/11.9 at 9") is 5' SSE

 

17.5" (3/20/93): at 220x appears moderately bright (estimate V = 12-12.5) and a very small disc is clearly visible.  Good response to an OIII filter.  Appears brighter than a mag 13 star 40" E and just fainter than a mag 11.9 star 2.9' E.  A double star mag 9.6/11.2 at 7" in PA 163ˇ is 5' SSE. 

 

13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x, faint, stellar, verified with OIII blinking.  A mag 11 comparison star is 2.0' NW.  At 166x a very small disc is visible which is brighter at the center.  The disc was quite clear at 214x, estimate V = 12.5-13.0.

 

Joseph Lunt discovered IC 4670 visually in 1901 with the Cape Observatory 24-inch Grubb refractor (the "Victoria spectroscopic telescope" erected in 1898) fitted with an object-glass prism.  He described it as stellar, mag 12-13 and situated "immediately S.f. C.P.D. -21[deg] 6502".  He noted "The nebula is 2.5 seconds preceding a slightly brighter star of the same declination."  It was also photographed on 2 plates in 1901. Although his position is 3.5' too far south, the identification is certain. 

 

Hubble reported IC 4670 as a new planetary after it was found on plates taken in 1920 with a 10-inch Cooke Astrographic Lens with objective prisms attached.  The equivalence with IC 4670 was not noticed by the ESO catalogue (1982).  Kent Wallace reported IC 4670 was identical to Hb 6 in 1990.

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IC 4673 = M 1-36 = PK 3-2.3 = ESO 521-15 = PN G003.5-02.4

18 03 18.4 -27 06 23; Sgr

V = 13.0;  Size 16"

 

24" (7/11/18): at 200x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish disc in a rich star field.  Very good contrast gain using a NPB filter.  Excellent view at 375x; irregularly round, slightly elongated ~NW-SE, slightly clumpy rim.  Situated 30" of a mag 12 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small "Keystone" asterism.  A 7" pair of stars is 2' WSW with a third wider star to the north.  No central star visible.

 

18" (8/14/07): picked up at 174x as a very small, round disc.  Excellent response to a UHC filter and appeared to increase in size.  Best view was at 300x, which showed a well-defined 15" disc.  Located close 30" SW of a mag 12 star and 2' ENE of a mag 10 star.  The mag 12 star forms the western vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 11-12 stars with sides 1'-2'.  At 73x this planetary shares the same field, 45' N of NGC 6520 and ultra dark B86.

 

18" (7/16/07): at 225x and UHC filter appears as a moderately bright mag 13 disc of just 15" diameter with a sharp, crisply defined halo.  A mag 12 star lies 33" NE.  At 323x the western side was perhaps slightly brighter.  Located 45' N of Barnard 86/NGC 6520.  A very faint planetary, M 2-26, lies 8' NNW.

 

17.5" (7/5/86): at 220x appears fairly bright and a small round disc is clearly visible about 20" diameter.  Prominent with a Daystar 300 filter and a slight oval shape is discernable at 286x and a UHC filter.  Estimate V = 12.5.

 

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4673 on 19 Aug 1895 while making measures of the diameter of Ceres with the 36-inch Lick refractor.  He described it as "round, slightly ill defined, of uniform brightness and no central star.  The measured diameter of this object was 13.6".  I should class it as being of the 13th magnitude."

 

Minkowski entered it as the 36th object in his first discovery list (M 1-68) of "New Emission Nebulae" (1946), based on objective prism plates taken with the 10-inch Bruce Astrograph at Mount Wilson, and missed the equivalence with IC 4673.

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IC 4677 = part of NGC 6543 = MCG +11-22-017 = VV 121 = PGC 61193

17 58 16.0 +66 37 59; Dra

 

48" (4/1/11): IC 4677 appeared as a prominent triangular or wedge-shaped knot with the vertex pointing east, situated 1.8' due west of center near the edge of the outer halo of NGC 6543 (Cat's Eye Nebula). This shock-excited condensation or "flier (flocculi) appeared much larger than previously seen, ~50"x30", and brighter along a well-defined, straight southern edge.  The north side is brightest near the east end at the vertex.  A 15th magnitude star lies 45" NE and a mag 9.8 star is 1.2' NW.  A second fainter (uncatalogued) knot in the outer halo is located 2.6' ESE of center, just 30" N of a mag 14.5 star.  This knot was only 15"-20" in size and had a low surface brightness.

 

18" (6/20/04): easily visible at 160x using a UHC filter as a slightly elongated, low surface brightness glow 1.7' W of center of NGC 6543 and 1.5' SE of a mag 11 star which lies 2.7' WNW of NGC 6543.  This shock-excited knot in the outer halo was elongated 3:2 SW-NE, roughly 20"x13".  At 225x it was barely visible unfiltered, but could be held continuously at this power adding a UHC filter.

 

17.5" (6/3/00): at 140x with a UHC filter, this ionized knot in the outer halo of the Cat's Eye was faint but clearly visible as a low surface brightness arc, located just south of the midpoint of the line connecting the geometric center of the PN with a mag 11 star 2.7' NW.

 

17.5" (11/1/97): this unusual object is a irregular knot in the outer halo of NGC 6543 1.7' W of center and appearing visually completely detached from the bright planetary.  Suspected at 220x without filtration close to a mag 15 star located 1' NW of the planetary.  Using a UHC filter, IC 4677 is clearly visible with averted vision as a very faint elongated patch, ~25"x15" oriented SW-NE.  Requires averted for a good view but can almost hold continuously.  Also visible at 140x with OIII filter and 280x with the UHC, but 220x provided the best view.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4677 visually on 24 Apr 1900 with the 40-inch Yerkes refractor.  He carefully measured the relative position from NGC 6543 as 16.5 seconds of RA preceding and just 5" north in declination (from his handwritten notes in notebook #24).  Barnard made additional observations in March 1908.

 

Harold Corwin comments that Vorontsov-Velyaminov" included it in his first list [1959] of interacting galaxies (where it is No. 121) and in the MCG (it is MCG +11-22-017).  This is a bit surprising as VV was an early authority on planetary nebulae; his book from the 1930's is now something of a classic on the topic.  Still, the object does look something like a distorted late barred spiral on the PSS prints."  IC 4677 is now known to be a shock-excited knot in the halo of NGC 6543.

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IC 4678 = ESO 521-26 = Ced 152b

18 06 36 -23 57; Sgr

 

17.5" (7/20/96): at 82x, very subtle glow around a pair of mag 8.5/10 stars.  Somewhat difficult at low power to identify with certainty due to location in a rich Milky Way field and the nearby nebulous glow from M8.  Better at 140x-220x, where a fairly obvious 3' glow is visible.  No noticeable improvement with filters.

 

17.5" (6/8/96): at 220x a low surface brightness halo of 3' diameter is visible around a pair of mag 8/9 stars at 50" separation.  Very weak if any enhancement with OIII filter (reflection nebula?).  On photos the nebula is centered on the fainter SW mag 9 star.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4678 photographically using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson in July 1905. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentioned "There is a small, elongated nebula in the position 1860.0 17h 59m 25s± -23d 53m±".  Although there is nothing at that location, Harold Corwin suggests this refers to a small nebula northeast of M8, located about 1.5 min of RA west of Barnard's position, and centered at 18 06 32.3 -23 57 31.  See Corwin's notes.

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IC 4679 = ESO 182-005 = PGC 61522

18 11 24.5 -56 15 16; Tel

V = 13.1;  Size 2.2'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 99ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 E-W, ~1.5'x0.5', broad, fairly weak concentration with a brighter core.  Sits between two groups of bright stars.  Two mag 10 stars lie 6' NW and mag 8.7 HD 165799 is 8.5' NNW, along with a third mag 10 star.   Also 10-11' SE is a 2' pair of mag 7 stars, including HD 165987 and HD 166026.  The DSS shows several extremely faint stars are superimposed due the rich star region.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4679 = DS 452 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.

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IC 4682 = ESO 071-005 = LGG 420-001 = PGC 61669

18 16 25.7 -71 34 53; Pav

V = 12.2;  Size 2.3'x1.6';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 144ˇ

 

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 200x appeared bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly well concentrated with a brighter core.  Several mag 13-14 stars surround the galaxy with a couple of faint stars at both the NW and NE edge of the halo.  This is fairly bright galaxy to be missed by John Herschel and 54' E is a bright pair of galaxies, IC 4704 and IC 4705, which were also missed by Herschel.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4682 = DS 454 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "vF, cS, considerably elongated at 140ˇ, stell N."

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IC 4684 = ESO 521-33 = LBN 34 = Ced 154b

18 09 09 -23 26 06; Sgr

Size 3'x2'

 

17.5" (7/24/95): very difficult reflection nebula surrounding a mag 9.5 star with a faint very close companion, appears ~2' diameter.  Located east of a breathtakingly rich Milky Way stream of stars.  Verified only by comparison with similar nearby stars and probably would not have suspected otherwise due to location in rich field with patches of unresolved haze.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4684 photographically in Jul 1905  using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "There is a conspicuous, small nebula or nebulous star in the position 1860.0 18h 0m 35s± -23ˇ 26'±."  His position is close north of the double star mentioned in my observation.

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IC 4685 = ESO 521-37 = OCL-22 = IC 154c

18 09 17.7 -23 59 18; Sgr

Size 10'x8'

 

17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x with UHC filter appears as a very large, extensive region of nebulosity just west of NGC 6559 and extended N-S.  Mag 7.4 HD 165921 is involved at the west end.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4685 photographically in Jul 1905  using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "The star Gou 24695 of 7 and 1/2 magnitude is the center of a larger but very diffused condensation."  The IC position corresponds with mag 7.4 HD 165921.

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IC 4686 = ESO 140-009 = AM 1809-574 W = KTS 57A = PGC 61601

18 13 38.6 -57 43 57; Pav

V = 14.2;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.4

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small, fairly high surface brightness, roundish, 20" diameter, very small bright core. Forms the southern member of a contact, interacting pair with NGC 4687 [27" bewtween centers] and the middle galaxy in an excellent triplet (KTS 57) with IC 4689 1.0' SSE.

 

Royal Frost discovered IC 4686 = F. 1152 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "bM, magn 14".

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IC 4687 = ESO 140-010 = AM 1809-574 N = KTS 57B = LGG 418-002 = PGC 61602

18 13 39.6 -57 43 31; Pav

V = 13.5;  Size 1.3'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 51ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): IC 4687 is the largest and northernmost of an excellent, close interacting triplet (AM 1809-574 = KTS 57). At 397x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4', well concentrated with a very small bright core. IC 4686 is at the south edge, just 27" between centers and IC 4689 is 1.4' S!  Situated in a rich star field 14' NE of an excellent close double HJ 5029 = 8.3/8.6 at 1.8".

 

On the HST image of the trio, IC 4687 has a disrupted, chaotic appearance of gas and dust with a tidal plume to the north.  It appears merged with IC 4686 on its south side.

 

Royal Frost discovered IC 4687 = F. 1153 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "bM, magn 14".  The same description was noted for nearby IC 4686 and 4689.

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IC 4688 = UGC 11125 = MCG +02-46-006 = CGCG 084-018 = PGC 61441

18 08 11.9 +11 42 44; Oph

V = 13.1;  Size 1.5'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 164ˇ

 

24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, roundish, 1.0' diameter, fairly low surface brightness, no noticeable central brightening.  Situated in a rich star field.  IC 4691 lies 11' NE.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4688 visually on 4 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "A very faint nebula, diffused, not large."  "It is pretty close p a 12 mag star.  This pointing with low power."  The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 4689 = ESO 140-011 = AM 1809-574 S = KTS 57C = PGC 61604

18 13 40.3 -57 44 53; Pav

V = 14.2;  Size 0.9'x0.35';  PA = 141ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", contains a very small bright elongated core.  A mag 13.4 star is 30" NE.  IC 4689 is the southernmost of an interacting compact triplet (KTS 57) with IC 4687 and 4686 just 1' N.

 

Royal Frost discovered IC 4689 = F. 1154 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "bM, magn 14".

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IC 4691 = CGCG 084-019 = PGC 61456

18 08 45.6 +11 49 48; Oph

Size 0.6'x0.4';  PA = 150ˇ

 

24" (7/15/15): faint, small, round, 15" diameter.  A mag 15 star is attached on the northeast side.  IC 4688 lies 11' SW.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4691 visually on 12 May 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "Found another nebula [besides IC 2193], vS, F.  Another faint nebula suspected 15' +/- p this."  Two nights later he added "with high power it appears to have one or two faint stars involved.  It is irregular in form and brightness.  The nebula suspected 15' +/- p[receding] it not verified but still suspected."  The second nebula probably refers to IC 4688. The discovery was apparently communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 4697 = MCG +04-43-013 = CGCG 142-023 = PGC 61560

18 12 26.9 +25 25 38; Her

Size 0.85'x0.2'

 

17.5" (7/1/89 and 8/3/89): faint, very small, slightly elongated ~N-S, very small bright core.  Forms an interacting pair with UGC 11155 = (R)NGC 6581 1.3' ENE.  UGC 11156 is also in the field 7' NNE.  A fairly bright wide double star (mag 9/10 at 43") is 5' NNW.

 

UGC 11155 appeared extremely faint, fairly small, round, very low surface brightness.  Larger but fainter than IC 4697.

UGC 11156 appeared faint, small, irregularly round, small bright core, stellar nucleus.

 

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4697 = J. 3-1402 on 29 Jul 1903.

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IC 4699 = PK 348-13.1 = ESO 280-8 = PN G348.0-13.8

18 18 32.0 -45 59 02; Tel

V = 12.7;  Size 5"

 

13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x and 166x appears very faint and stellar.  Verified with both OIII and UHC filters.  Estimate V = 13.0 but may be brighter due to the very low elevation of object from Northern California.  Uncertain if a very small disc was visible at 166x or bloated due to seeing this close to the horizon.  Located 3.5' NW of mag 8.8 HD 167758 and nearly at the midpoint between mag 4.5 Epsilon and mag 3.5 Alpha Telescopii (the two stars are 2.7ˇ apart).

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4699 = Fleming 98 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).

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IC 4700 = NGC 6595 = NGC 6590 = ESO 590-15 = Lund 819 = LBN 43 = Cr 371 = vdB 119 = Ced 157b

18 17 05 -19 52 00; Sgr

Size 4'x3'

 

See observing notes for NGC 6590.

 

IC 4700 was mentioned by E.E. Barnard in AN 5239 (1908) in a review of photographic nebulae titled "Some notes on nebulae and nebulosities." He noted that the BD -19ˇ4946, the central star of NGC 6590 = NGC 6595, was "densely nebulous" and "somewhat extended nf and sp", though the latter statement was misassigned to BD -19ˇ4881.  See NGC 6590 for more on this number.

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IC 4703 = Ced 159 = RCW 165 = Sh 2-49 = Gum 83 = LBN 67 = Eagle Nebula = Star Queen Nebula

18 18 48 -13 48; Ser

Size 35'x28'

 

13.1" (8/17/85): a thin dark "finger" extends towards the cluster, positioned just south and beyond the two bright mag 9 stars near the center.  This is an extension of the wider projection seen previously several times and which is better defined along the south edge.

 

13.1" (8/16/82): the "Eagle Nebula" is a fairly bright 30' nebulosity in a striking outstretched eagle shape with a bright scattered cluster superimposed.  There is a considerable contrast gain to the nebulosity using a UHC or OIII filter.  With a Daystar 300 filter, a dark projection (called the "Star Queen") enters on the southeast edge of the nebula and extends inward to the west. The cluster members surrounding the "head" of the eagle include ten mag 8-10 stars and a bright pair of mag 8.5 stars (8.2/8.8 at 27").  A dark triangular wedge is visible off the north side.

 

13.1" (5/26/84): the dark protrusion was fairly easy at 88x using a filter.

 

Isaac Roberts probably first imaged IC 4703, the nebulosity involved in M16, with his 20" reflector in 1894, though did not publish a description.  He later described M16 in Volume II of his photographs of star clusters and nebulae (taken on 4 Aug. 1897 and published in 1899) as "a large bright nebula with a cluster apparently involved in it."  Although De ChŽseaux discovered M16 between 1745-46, he only mentioned a star cluster and even William Herschel just described the stars using his 12-inch reflector: "Large stars with small ones among them; within a small compass I counted more than 50, and there must be at least 100 without taking a number of straggling ones, everywhere dispersed in the neighborhood."

 

Although Roberts is credited with the discovery in the IC, Wolfgang Steinicke notes in his book on the history of the NGC that Etienne Leopold Trouvelot made a visual discovery in 1876 with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch Clark refractor.  Trouvelot mentioned "..described by Sir J. Herschel as a loose cluster of at least 100 stars, I have found to be involved in an extensive, although not very bright, nebula, which seems to have escaped his scrutiny.  In a study and drawing of this nebula made in 1876, its general form is that of an open fan, with the exception that handle is wanting, with deeply indented branches on the preceding side, where the brightest stars of the cluster are grouped.  From this peculiar form, this object might be appropriately be called the Fan Nebula."

 

Independently, Robert Innes, observing in 1914 at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, reported "with the 9-inch refractor the nebula is just visible and it fills the perimeter of the cluster with faint extensions beyond."

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IC 4704 = ESO 071-011 = PGC 61906 = LGG 420-002

18 27 53.6 -71 36 36; Pav

V = 12.1;  Size 1.5'x1.2';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 165ˇ

 

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with an intense 20" core surrounded by a much lower surface brightness halo ~1.2' in diameter, that fades out at the periphery.  In a group with IC 4705 5.1' SSE and IC 4712 16' ESE.  Located 10' SW of mag 8.4 HD 169127.

 

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x, appeared fairly bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with a very bright 25" core and a much fainter 1' halo.  Forms the north vertex of a near isosceles triangle with mag 7.7 HD 168873 11' SE and the double star h5038 = 8.4/9.5 at 12" located 12' SW.  IC 4705 lies 5' SSE and IC 4712 is outside the field at 16' ESE.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4704 = D.S. 462 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "cB, bM."

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IC 4705 = ESO 071-012 = PGC 61914 = LGG 420-005

18 28 10.3 -71 41 38; Pav

V = 12.7;  Size 1.2'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 48ˇ

 

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, fairly large, fairly diffuse glow with only a weak concentration, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'.  A 20" pair of mag 14 stars is at the south edge of the halo and two extremely faint stars are superimposed on the north side.  Located 5.1' SSE of IC 4704, nearly at the midpoint of a line connecting IC 4704 and a mag 8 star (HD 168873), located 6' SSE of IC 4705.  IC 4712 lies 14' E.

 

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated 1.0'x0.8', fairly low surface brightness with a weak central concentration.  Located 6' NNW of mag 8 HD 168873 and 5' SSE of IC 4704.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4705 = D.S. 463 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, eS, R."

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IC 4706 = Ced 160a = Simeis 3-137 = Gum 81b

18 19 35.7 -16 00 36; Sgr

Size 5'

 

18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD 168276 and HD 168302) at 1.2' separation seemed to be encased in a very faint, roundish nebulosity at 115x.  The western star corresponds with IC 4706.  Only a weak contrast gain was noticed using an OIII filter, so this must be a low excitation region.  At the southeast edge of the field a portion of M17 is visible - IC 4706/4707 is probably an outlying patch of the Swan Nebula.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4706 and 4707 photographically in Jul/Aug 1905  using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson.  In describing the region surrounding M17 = Swan Nebula (see AN 4239), he wrote, "Preceding the brightest portion of the nebula, by about 15', are two small stars involved in a small nebulosity.  These stars are BD -16ˇ4812 [IC 4706] and -16ˇ4813 [IC 4707] of the 9.2 and 9.4 magnitudes."  Harold Corwin notes that Barnard misidentified the BD stars, which should read BD -16ˇ4811 [IC 4706] and -16ˇ4812 [IC 4707].  As a result the IC positions are in error (particularly for IC 4707).

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IC 4707 = Ced 160b = Simeis 3-140 = Gum 81b

18 19 39.4 -16 01 20; Sgr

Size 5'

 

18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD 168276 and HD 168302) at 1.2' separation seemed to be encased in a very faint, roundish nebulosity at 115x.  The eastern star corresponds with IC 4707.  Only a weak contrast gain was noticed using an OIII filter, so this must be a low excitation region.  At the southeast edge of the field a portion of M17 is visible - IC 4706/4707 is probably an outlying patch of the Swan Nebula.

 

See identification notes for IC 4707.

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IC 4708 = CGCG 301-024 = PGC 61605

18 13 46.2 +61 09 26; Dra

Size 0.5'x0.4'

 

24" (7/19/12): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~18"x15".  A mag 13 star lies 36" W.  Located on the SE side of a group of 8 NGC galaxies (all B mag 15.2 or fainter) discovered by Swift.

 

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4708 = Ho III-21 on 11 Sep 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver.  He noted "eF, eS, v diff.' near [NGC] 6617."  His micrometric position is very accurate.

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IC 4710 = ESO 103-022 = PGC 61922

18 28 38.0 -66 58 56; Pav

V = 11.9;  Size 3.6'x2.8';  Surf Br = 14.3;  PA = 5ˇ

 

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, large, elongated 3:2 ~NW-SE, ~2.5'x1.5', weak concentration with no distinct core. A faint star (or knot) is superimposed near the center.  Located 10.8' WSW of mag 6.6 HD 169569.

 

IC 4710 is a knotty dwarf irregular galaxy that is dominated by a bar, much like the Large Magellanic Cloud, with a number of H II regions strung out along the bar and scattered in the outer parts.  Member of the relatively nearby NGC 6744 group at a distance of ~25 million light years.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4710 = D.S. 465 on a plate taken on 18 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 4712 = ESO 071-014 = LGG 420-003 = PGC 61981

18 31 06.9 -71 41 37; Pav

V = 12.2;  Size 2.3'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 60ˇ

 

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly weak concentration.  Unusual appearance as a brighter mag 12 is superimposed at the WSW edge.  Located 13' WNW of mag 7.0 HD 169979.  Third of three in a group with IC 4704 16' WNW and IC 4705 14' W.  This trio was surprisingly missed by John Herschel.

 

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly bright, moderately large elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 1.6'x0.8'.  Unusual appearance with a mag 11.5 star right at the WSW tip.  In a group with IC 4704, IC 4705 and IC 4712.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4712 = D.S. 466 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4715 = M24 = Ced 162 = Mel 197 = Small Sagittarius Star Cloud

18 16 54 -18 31; Sgr

Size 120'x60''

 

8" (7/3/80): IC 4715 refers to the remarkable Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (prominent naked eye object).  Best view at very low power as it extends beyond the edges of the field.  The rich open cluster NGC 6603 is embedded in the NE side.

 

Charles Messier "discovered" M24 = "Small Sagittarius Star Cloud" = IC 4715  telescopically on 20 Jun 1764, although it is of course a prominent naked-eye object.  E.E. Barnard photographed the region in 1905 and described in AN 4239 ("Some notes on nebulae and nebulosities"), "The magnificent star cloud...is remarkable for the definiteness and angularity of its south and following outlines.  The east side is about 42' long and is very straight.  The south side is somewhat irregular and much longer.  The run south preceding for about 90' and then joins the great bed of nebulous matter just described.  The northern edge of this star cloud is diffused.  In the cloud towards its northern edge, are two remarkable black holes..."  His position, though, was 10 min of RA too large, so Dreyer didn't recognize that Barnard's object was M24.  Brent Archinal caught the error and made the equivalence (see Corwin's identification notes).

 

William Herschel apparently first observed M24 on 2 Aug 1783 with his 12-inch ("small 20-ft") and noted "considerable stars in great number."  John Herschel lists his cluster h2004 = NGC 6603 as M24, so he didn't realize the Messier entry applied to the entire star cloud, not the small embedded cluster.  This mistake was repeated in the General Catalog (GC) as well as the NGC, though Dreyer added the note: "h2004 = M24.  h's two observations hardly consist with this description [!, Cl, vRi, vmC, R, st 15 (M Way)], and their deviation of nearly +3m from Messier's place makes it very doubtful whether he really saw this object."  In the 1960s (and his 1975 book "Search for the Nebulae"), Kenneth Glyn Jones equated M24 with the star cloud and NGC 6603 with the embedded cluster.

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IC 4717 = ESO 140-024 = PGC 62024

18 33 17.2 -57 58 33; Pav

V = 13.3;  Size 1.5'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 94ˇ

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): moderately bright, very elongated ~5:1 E-W, 1.3'x0.3', somewhat concentrated to a very small, slightly brighter nucleus.  Located in a fairly rich star field with a number of brighter mag 10 stars including mag 9.3 SAO 245539 situated 6' SW.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4717 = D.S. 470 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "F, S, extremely elongated at 95ˇ, stell N."

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IC 4720 = ESO 140-025 = PGC 62030

18 33 32.7 -58 24 25; Pav

V = 12.8;  Size 2.5'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 163ˇ

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.5', slightly brighter core.  A star is superimposed NNW of the core.  Located 8.5' NW of brighter and larger IC 4721, though both spirals have roughly similar position angles and axial ratios.  Located in a fairly rich star field.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4720 = D.S. 472 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "cF, S, extremely elongated at 165ˇ, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 4721 = ESO 140-027 = PGC 62066

18 34 24.1 -58 29 45; Pav

V = 11.6;  Size 5.2'x1.5';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 146ˇ

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, large, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 4.0'x1.3', broad concentration with a large, mottled core, irregular surface brightness with a hint of spiral structure.  A faint star is embedded on the southeast side and a mag 15 star is just south of the southeast end.  IC 4721 forms a very close pair with IC 4721A, 2.2' SSE of center.  It appeared faint, very small, round, 20" diameter.  The mag 15 star mentioned above is 20" NE.  IC 4720, another highly inclined spiral, lies 8.5' NW.  IC 4721 is located 15' NE of mag 6.4 HD 170525 in a fairly rich star field with many mag 11-14 stars.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4721 = D.S. 474 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "F, cL, E at 150ˇ, form of Andromeda neb."

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IC 4723 = ESO 103-027 = Sp 5 = PGC 62099

18 35 56.2 -63 22 36; Pav

V = 13.5;  Size 0.7'x0.6'

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak concentration.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is located 23' ESE of NGC 6630.  These two galaxies have similar appearances in terms of magnitude and size.  IC 4730 lies 20' E.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4723 = D.S. 476 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, vS, R."

 

Harlow Shapley misclassified NGC 6630 and IC 4723 as a pair of planetaries in his 1936 article "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin No. 902).  The same list includes Shapley 1, Shapley 3 and IC 4642.

 

Evans & Thackeray (1950) first imaged IC 4723 (Plate II, No. 19) with the 74-inch Radcliffe telescope in Pretoria, South Africa and questioned the PN classification. "We find (Plate II, Fig. 20) a curious round object of diameter about 19" with three distinct nuclei running along a north-south line across it. The designation as a planetary again [as well as NGC 6630] seems doubtful."   As a result of Shapley's error, IC 4723 is listed as a PN in Burnham's "Celestial Handbook", MOL (Master Optical List), Becvar's "Atlas Coeli - II Katalog 1950", and the NGC 2000.0 catalogue (Sinnott).  Also, the first edition of Sky Atlas 2000.0 and Becvar's "Atlas of the Heavens" plot it as a PN.  It was omitted, though, in Perek and Kohoutek's 1967 Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula.

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IC 4725 = M25 = Cr 382

18 31 36 -19 15; Sgr

V = 4.6;  Size 32'

 

17.5" (8/27/92): about 100 stars in 30' field although fills 45' field at 82x.  The densest portion in the center is a group of 7 fairly bright stars situated between two bright stars mag 6.5 (U Sgr) and 8.0 oriented E-W.  U Sagittarii (6.3-7.0) is located at the east end and is the brightest star in the cluster.  Just south of this group is a long dark lane void of stars oriented E-W that appears darker than the background.  Bordering the south edge of this dark lane is an elongated group of 10 stars including Bu 966, a nice evenly matched double star at 11" separation.  To the west of this string are two mag 9 and 10 stars oriented SW-NE.  The cluster includes several colored stars and is visible naked-eye just south of a mag 5 star.

 

Naked-eye (8/31/11): very easy to see as a naked-eye "patch" (total V = 4.6) in a dark sky.

 

Philippe Loys de ChŽseaux discovered M25 = IC 4725 by 1745-46 from Switzerland.  Although his list of nebulae was read to the French Academie Royale des Sciences, it was little known until published by Bigourdan in 1884.  It was independently discovered by Messier in 1764, observed by William and Caroline Herschel in July 1783 ("Very large stars and some small ones; I counted 70, and there are many more within no considerable extent"), Admiral Smyth in 1836 and Reverend Thomas Webb in 1859.  Despite all the early observations, John Herschel didn't include an entry in his catalogues (Slough, CGH or GC) and perhaps as a result, Dreyer left it out of the NGC.

 

Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru.  The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908).  Dreyer equated IC 4725 with M25, though only credited Bailey with the position.

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IC 4726 = ESO 103-032 = AM 1832-625 = LGG 422-023 = PGC 62133

18 36 58.8 -62 51 16; Pav

V = 13.7;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 19ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, slightly elongated, 30"x25".  A mag 14 star is attached at the NNW tip.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is situated in a very starry field 3.5' NE of a mag 9.6 star.  ESO 103-031 lies 3.0' W.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4726 = D.S. 478 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, vS, R, cF * 0.5' nf."  His position and description matches ESO 103-032

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IC 4727 = ESO 103-033 = LGG 422-003 = PGC 62165

18 37 56.1 -62 42 02; Pav

V = 13.1;  Size 1.2'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.3

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, bright nucleus, high surface brightness.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is situated 16' NNW of brighter IC 4731 within a triangle of stars formed by a mag 10.3 star 3.3' SSW, a mag 11.2 star 5.2 WNW and a mag 11.5 star 5.2' ENE.  Other nearby cluster members are IC 4728 10' N, IC 4726 11' NNW and IC 4737 15' NE.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4727 = D.S. 479 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, eS, R."

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IC 4728 = ESO 103-034 = LGG 422-004 = PGC 62166

18 37 57.0 -62 31 51; Pav

V = 13.3;  Size 2.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 172ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 1.5'x0.5', bright core.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is in rich star field with a mag 13.8 star 1.2' SSE and a mag 13.6 star 1.6' NNW. A fairly wide pair of mag 10.9/11.6 stars (~22" separation), with a third 11.9 star nearby, lies 3.5' NNE.  IC 4727 is 10' S.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4728 = D.S. 480 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, S, considerably elongated 170ˇ, * N, bM."

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IC 4730 = ESO 103-038 = PGC 62192

18 38 50.2 -63 21 00; Pav

V = 13.5;  Size 1.4'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 152ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~25"x15", relatively large brighter core and very low surface brightness extensions. A mag 14.5 star is at the west edge, just 10" from center and a mag 12 star is 1' N.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is situated 2' N of mag 9.1 HD 171359.  IC 4723 lies 20' W.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4730 = D.S. 482 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated 10ˇ, bet 2 F st."

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IC 4731 = ESO 103-037 = PGC 62187

18 38 43.0 -62 56 35; Pav

V = 12.5;  Size 1.5'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 82ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, ~45"x30", high surface brightness, relatively large bright core.  IC 4731 is an outlying member of ACO S805 = DC 1842-63 with several nearby members; IC 4735 is 7.7' E, IC 4726 is 13' WNW, ESO 103-031 is 16' WNW and IC 4727 is 16' NNW.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4731 = D.S. 481 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 88ˇ, stell N."

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IC 4732 = PK 10-6.1 = ESO 523-1 = PN G010.7-06.4

18 33 54.6 -22 38 41; Sgr

V = 12.1;  Size 3"

 

8" (9/23/22): this 12th magnitude PN situated nearly on a line with a mag 8.6 star (HD 171013) 8' WNW and a 10th mag star (HD 171096) 2.5' WNW.  Blinking with a NPB filter at 109x, the planetary appears as bright as the attenuated nearby 10th mag star, picked up two mags in contrast.

 

14.5" (7/7/21): immediately recognized as a small planetary at 140x due to its soft blue appearance.  Very good contrast gain (at least 2 magnitudes) by blinking with a UHC filter.  A mag 10.1 star (HD 1710976) is 2.5' WNW and a mag 12.5-13 star is a similar distance WSW.  At 264x, appears extremely small but non-stellar.  Increasing to 352x, the central star was occasionally seen in a tiny 3" halo.

 

13.1" (8/8/86): at 79x appears stellar and verified with OIII blinking, estimate V = 13.0.  A brighter mag 10.5 comparison star is located 2.5' W.  Appears stellar at 214x.  Planetary Pe 1-13 is located 13' ESE.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4732 = Fleming 99 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).

 

Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 4732 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to be minute disk by Mr. Moore and Aitken with the 36-inch refractor."

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IC 4735 = ESO 103-041 = PGC 62213

18 39 49.9 -62 57 22; Pav

Size 0.8'x0.6';  PA = 38ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~0.4'x0.3', very small brighter nucleus.  Located 7.7' E of IC 4731 in the outskirts of galaxy cluster ACO S805 (55' NW the core of the cluster).

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4735 = D.S. 486 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, vS, bM."

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IC 4737 = ESO 103-042 = PGC 62222

18 39 58.4 -62 35 53; Pav

V = 14.1;  Size 0.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.3

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15", even surface brightness.  A mag 12.5 star is 1' W.  Located 1.7' NW of mag 9.0 HD 171618, which impacts the view, in the outskirts of ACO S805 =DC 1842-63 = Pavo II cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4737 = D.S. 487 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 10ˇ, bet 2 F st."

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IC 4738 = ESO 140-035 = AM 1835-615 = PGC 62234

18 40 26.9 -61 54 09; Pav

V = 14.5;  Size 1.2'x0.6'

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter. A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the SE end.   Three bright stars are near south; a mag 10.1 star 2.0' WSW, a mag 10.6 star 2.9' SSW and a mag 11 star1.5' SSE.  IC 4738 forms a pair with IC 4739 2.9' E.  Located 40' NW of NGC 6673 in the northwestern outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4738 = D.S. 488, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eeF, eS, eF * sf 0.5'."

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IC 4739 = ESO 140-036 = AM 1836-615 = PGC 62246

18 40 51.0 -61 54 06; Pav

V = 14.1;  Size 1.0'x0.8'

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness.  Forms a pair with IC 4738 2.9' W.  A triangle of mag 10-11 stars is just south of IC 4738.  Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4739 = D.S. 489, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eeF, eS, eF * inv."

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IC 4741 = ESO 103-047 = AM 1836-635 = LGG 422-009 = PGC 62269

18 41 43.4 -63 56 53; Pav

V = 12.9;  Size 1.4'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 35ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly small, somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35", slightly brighter nucleus.  Resides in a rich star field within a triangle formed by a mag 11 star 1.4' NNE, a mag 10.8 star 2.4' SE and a mag 11.5 star 2' WNW.  Middle in a trio with IC 4742 5.2' N and ESO 103-046 4.5' SSW.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster lies 52' SW of IC 4765, the cD galaxy at the core of the cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4741 = D.S. 490 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "cF, vS, lE at 20ˇ, stell N, 4 F st inv."

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IC 4742 = ESO 103-048 = AM 1837-635 = LGG 422-010 = PGC 62270

18 41 52.6 -63 51 43; Pav

V = 12.1;  Size 1.7'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 20ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.75', small bright core.  A mag 9.8 star is at the north edge [37" from center].  IC 4741 lies 5' S.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is 48' SW of IC 4765, at the core of the cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4742 = D.S. 492 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "cF, vS, R, bM, F * inv."

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IC 4744 = ESO 103-50 = AM 1837-631 = PRC D-29 = PGC 62271 = PGC 62272

18 41 54.9 -63 13 26; Pav

Size 0.65'x0.4';  PA = 75ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, very small, round, ~18" diameter.  A star is attached at the east edge of the galaxy.  Located 2.2' SE of a mag 10.5 star and 6.3' W of IC 4749.  Based on a single redshift measure, it lies in the background of cluster ACO S805 = Pavo II

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4744 = D.S. 493 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eeF, eS, R, eF * inv."

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IC 4748 = ESO 103-053 = LGG 422-011 = PGC 62299

18 42 46.0 -64 04 22; Pav

V = 13.3;  Size 0.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.8

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 12.6 star is 0.7' SE.  Located in the outskirts of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster with IC 4741 10' NW and ESO 103-056 5.6' ESE.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4748 = D.S. 496 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, F * sf 1'."

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IC 4749 = ESO 103-054 = LGG 422-005 = PGC 62300

18 42 49.5 -63 12 30; Pav

V = 13.3;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 57ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, high surface brightness, very small bright nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is at the east edge of the galaxy. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is within a small distinctive N-S string of stars: a mag 12.5 star 4.3' N, a mag 10.6 star 2.3' N, a mag 13.5 star 1.5' N, and a mag 12 star 45" S.  Cluster member IC 4744 lies 6.3' W and IC 4750 is 14' N.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4749 = D.S. 497 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eeF, eS, 3 F st nr."

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IC 4750 = ESO 103-055 = PGC 43426

18 43 02.7 -62 58 17; Pav

V = 14.1;  Size 1.1'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 111ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 25"x18", low surface brightness.  Situated in a fairly rich star field with a mag 12.2 star is 1.5' NW, a mag 10.6 star 5' W and a mag 9.8 star 8' WNW.  Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805, in a group of galaxies to the northwest of the core of the cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4750 = D.S. 498 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "eeF, eS, R, * 11 np 1.5'."  The IC has a misprint 0.5' north-preceding.

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IC 4751 = ESO 140-040 = AM 1838-620 NED1 = LGG 422-017 = PGC 62317

18 43 19.3 -62 06 44; Pav

V = 13.1;  Size 1.0'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.2;  PA = 3ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20".  Located near the midpoint of mag 9.9 HD 172184 3.8' SW and a mag 10.5 star 3.8' NE.  Forms a close pair with IC 4753 1.6' E.  In the northern outskirts of ACO S805, 1.3ˇ from IC 4765 (part of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster).

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4751 = D.S. 501 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4752 = ESO 103-057 = PGC 62323

18 43 46.7 -64 04 56; Pav

Size 0.8'x0.7';  PA = 129ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness.  A mag 13.3 star is 0.9' SE.  This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is located 6.7' ESE of IC 4748.  Slightly brighter ESO 103-056 is 2' SE.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4752 = D.S. 502 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, vF * sf 1'."

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IC 4753 = ESO 140-041 = AM 1838-620 NED2 = LGG 423-001 = PGC 62319

18 43 32.6 -62 06 29; Pav

V = 13.6;  Size 0.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 6ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~20"x16".  Forms a close pair with brighter IC 4751 1.6' W.  Situated 3' S of a mag 10.5 star and 5' NE of mag 9.9 HD 172184 in the norther outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4753 = D.S. 503 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4754 = ESO 140-042 = LGG 422-018 = PGC 62321 = PGC 62331

18 44 00.2 -61 59 24; Pav

V = 13.5;  Size 1.3'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.9

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, low surface brightness, very weak concntration.  Fainter than expected based than expected though images reveal a face-on barred ring of low surface brightness.  Two mag 13.6 and 13.8 stars are very close to the south and southwest edge.  A mag 10.7 star is 5' SW and IC 4751 and 4753, a 1.6' pair, lies 8' SSW.  This outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805 is located 1ˇ WNW of mag 4.2 Lambda Pavonis and 1.4ˇ NNW of the center of the cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4754 = D.S. 504, along with many other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eF, S, R, 0.7' diameter., poss. ring neb, stell N."

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IC 4756 = OCL-94 = Lund 851 - Cr 386

18 39 00 +05 27; Ser

Size 52'

 

15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): large, naked-eye patch within the western branch of the Milky Way.  Beautifully resolved in 15x50's.

 

17.5" (7/26/95): overfills 50' field with 20 Nagler.  Contains roughly 70 stars brighter than mag 11 and too many faint stars to count.  There are two mag 6.5 stars near the northwest and southeast ends of the cluster (the latter star is not physical member) at the edges of the field (46' separation).  There are no rich subgroups or central concentration but many stars are arranged in long chains and curving loops.  The most prominent is a long chain oriented NW-SE through the center.  Visible as a naked-eye patch at the edge of the Milky Way.

 

10x50 binoculars (9/9/83):very bright, very large, consists of mag 7 and fainter stars.  Includes many chains and knots over a one degree field!  Larger but not as conspicuous as nearby NGC 6633 in Ophiuchus. 

 

Naked-eye (8/12/83): easy visible patch from Mt. Hamilton. Resolved in 8x50 finder.

 

Reverend Thomas Webb discovered IC 4756 around 1859 with his 3.7-inch Tully refractor.  In the description of NGC 6633 in Webb's "Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes" (1859) he wrote, "Between it [NGC 6633] and Theta, nearer the former, is a beautiful large cloud of stars, chiefly 8 or 9 mag., a nearer part, apparently, of the Galaxy: visible to the naked-eye, and requiring a large field."

 

Solon Bailey found IC 4756 again in 1896 on a plate taken with a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No VIII, 1908).  Bailey was credited with the discovery of IC 4756 in the IC2.  The nickname "Graff's Cluster" is from German astronomer Kasimir Graff, who independently discovered it in 1922.

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IC 4763 = NGC 6679 = UGC 11288 NED1 = MCG +11-22-055 = CGCG 322-046 NED1 = CGCG 323-001 NED1 = VV 672 NED1 = VII Zw 814 = PGC 62029

18 33 30.5 +67 08 14; Dra

Size 0.4'x0.3'

 

48" (10/22/11): bright, fairly small, round, high surface brightness, 20" diameter.  A 14th magnitude star is attached at the southwest edge and a mag 16.5 star is 20" NE.  In a close trio with NGC 6677 1.7' SSE and MCG +11-22-056 = PGC 62026 is 0.6' N.  The MCG companion (identified as IC 4763 in MCG and as NGC 6679 in PGC and Megastar) appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.3'x0.2'. A 15th magnitude star is 18" NNE.

 

Zwicky described the pair (VII Zw 814) with MCG +11-22-056 as "post-eruptive blue patchy compacts interconnected by a broad uniform bridge, separation = 30" NNE-SSW."

 

24" (8/27/14): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 18" diameter, fairly high surface brightness.  A mag 14.5 star is attached at the southwest edge.

 

MCG +11-22-056 = PGC 62026 lies just 0.6' N. At 375x it appeared extremely faint or very faint, round, just 8"-10" diameter.  Once in my averted vision sweet spot, I could nearly hold this galaxy continuously.  A mag 15 star (brighter than the galaxy) lies 0.3' NNE.

 

17.5" (6/11/88): fairly faint, very small, elongated SW-NE.  One or two extremely faint stars are possibly involved or close off the edge.  Forms a close pair with NGC 6677 1.7' SSE.  MCG +11-22-056, a nearly stellar galaxy just 38" N was not seen.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4763 = Big. 333 on 5 Sep 1891 and recorded "this object is perhaps the double indicated by Swift near NGC 6677. It seems accompanied by a little nebulosity and I can not split it."  Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson agree that IC 4763 is most likely a duplicate of NGC 6679.  IC 4763 is often misidentified as the compact galaxy PGC 62026, just 36" N of NGC 6679.  See NGC 6679 for more.

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IC 4764 = ESO 104-004 = LGG 423-002 = PGC 62396

18 47 07.6 -63 29 04; Pav

V = 13.6;  Size 1.2'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 128ˇ

 

30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, thin edge-on 40"x10" NW-SE, contains a brighter core.  A mag 15.5 star is attached at the NW tip.  Located 9' S of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 510, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eeF, eS, bM."

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IC 4765 = ESO 104-006 = LGG 422-006 = PGC 62407

18 47 17.9 -63 19 53; Pav

V = 11.3;  Size 3.5'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 115ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, ~100"x40", sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus. 

 

IC 4765 is the brightest cD galaxy in the rich cluster ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster, which includes IC 4766, IC 4767, IC 4770, IC 4771.  A total of 7 galaxies lie within 5' of IC 4765 and 13 galaxies were noted within 10'!

 

IC 4766: moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27".  This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 1.6" ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.

 

IC 4767: moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core.  A star is at the north-northeast tip.  Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the cluster.

 

IC 4769: fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.5', gradually increases to the center, but no distinct core or zones.  Located 11' NNE of IC 4765 and second largest in the cluster.

 

IC 4770: very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness.  A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing.  Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the cluster.

 

IC 4771: fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness.  Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4 HD 173344 and 9' NE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

 

ESO 104-002: fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", slightly brighter core.  This member of the IC 4765 cluster is located 3.3' SW of IC 4765 in the core of the cluster.  A mag 14.8 star lies 35" S.

 

ESO 104-007: moderately to fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 25"x20".  This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 33" NE of a mag 10.3 star and 1.7' S of IC 4765.

 

ESO 104-008: faint to fairly faint, contains a small, round 18" core and very dim extensions NNW-SSE increasing the size to 0.5'x0.3'.  This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 50" SSE of a mag 12 star and 1.4' NNE of IC 4765.

 

ESO 104-012: fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.5''x0.25', irregular shape, even surface brightness.  Located 2.8' SE of IC 4769 and 10' NE of IC 4765.

 

PGC 62384: very faint, small, round, 15" diameter.  Located 3.1' WNW of IC 4765.

 

PGC 62391: fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.5' diameter.  Located 3.1' WNW of IC 4765.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4765 = D.S. 516, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "vF, S, R, bM."

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IC 4766 = ESO 104-009 = PGC 62421

18 47 35.8 -63 17 42; Pav

V = 13.8;  Size 1.1'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 110ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27".  This member of the ACO S805 (IC 4765) cluster is situated 1.6' ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4766 = DS 512 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eF, eS, bM."

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IC 4767 = ESO 104-010 = LGG 423-005 = PGC 62427

18 47 41.7 -63 24 20; Pav

V = 13.4;  Size 1.5'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 30ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core.  A star is at the north-northeast tip.  Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the ACO S805 cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4767 = DS 513 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eF, eS, mE at 25ˇ, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 4769 = ESO 104-011 = AM 1843-631 = LGG 422-007 = PGC 62428

18 47 44.1 -63 09 25; Pav

V = 13.1;  Size 1.9'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 130ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.5', gradually increases to the center, but no distinct core or zones.  Located 11' NNE of IC 4765 in ACO S805 and second largest in the cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4769 = DS 514 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eF, vS, mE at 170ˇ, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 4770 = ESO 104-013 = PGC 62439

18 48 10.3 -63 23 00; Pav

V = 14.5;  Size 0.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 65ˇ

 

30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness.  A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing.  Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4770 = DS 515 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.  He noted "eeF, eS, bM."

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IC 4771 = ESO 104-015 = LGG 422-030 = PGC 62445

18 48 23.8 -63 14 52; Pav

V = 14.5;  Size 1.1'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 179ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness.  Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4 HD 173344 and 9' NE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4771 = DS 516 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, R, bM."

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IC 4772 = MCG +07-38-014 = CGCG 228-020 = PGC 62217

18 39 56.5 +40 01 35; Lyr

V = 14.4;  Size 0.5'x0.4'

 

17.5" (8/2/86): fairly faint, but extremely small, just nonstellar.  A mag 14 star lies 54" SSW of center.  Forms a pair with NGC 6685 2.7' S and NGC 6886 lies 7.9' NNE.  Located 6' SSE of a mag 8.0 SAO 47678.  This galaxy is misidentified as NGC 6685 in the RNGC, UGC and CGCG.

 

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4772 = Ho. II-12 on 7 Sep 1898 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver.  He noted "eS, eF. Near 6685 and 6686.  He added the note, "No. 12 precedes 6685 less than 2s, 2'.7 north.  Between them lies a star of mag 11.5"  His position matches CGCG 228-020 = PGC 62217, situated 2.7' NNW of NGC 6685.

 

The CGCG and MCG reversed the identifications of NGC 6685 and IC 4772.  IC 4772 is also misidentified as NGC 6685 in the RNGC.  I included this error in my RNGC Corrections #2, WSQJ, 4/88 and Malcolm Thomson includes it in his list of CGCG Corrections.

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IC 4775 = ESO 183-014 = PGC 62447

18 48 26.3 -57 11 01; Pav

V = 13.9;  Size 1.5'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 17ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x and 394; fairly faint, moderately large very elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.25', weak concentration.  A collinear string of 3 mag 14-15 stars extends to the south-southwest.  Located between mag 9.3 HD 173268 6' SW and mag 10.0 SAO 245730 8' E.  Also another mag 9.6 star lies 9' to the east.

 

Forms a pair with LEDA 3099254 4.2' SE.  The companion appeared faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 12" diameter, low even surface brightness.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 518 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901.  He noted "eF, eS, vE at 15ˇ, susp."

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IC 4776 = ESO 396-2 = PK 2-13.1 = PN G002.0-13.4

18 45 50.7 -33 20 34; Sgr

V = 10.8;  Size 8"

 

8" (9/23/22): appears as a bright, pale blue star of at least 11th magnitude using 95x. Quite a strong blinker!  IC 4776 appeared brighter than a mag 9.4 star situated 7.5' NE adding an NPB filter. Boosting the magnification to 200x, it was nonstellar with small but obvious disc over 5" in diameter.

 

14.5" (7/7/21): using 182x I immediately identified IC 4776 as a small, very bright blue disk.  Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter and the halo blossomed in size.   A mag 9.4 star (HD 173355) located 7.5' NE is brighter than the PN unfiltered by reversed with the filter. Increasing to 264x and 352x, reveals an obvious small, high surface brightness disc ~8" to 10" diameter.  IC 4776 is situated in a fairly rich star field with a mag 13.2 star just 0.9' S. 

 

17.5" (8/2/86): at 105x appears bright and stellar, verified with OIII blinking.  Forms a wide 1' pair with a mag 13 star to the south.  A mag 11 comparison star for blinking is 6' ESE.  Good contrast gain with filter, extremely high surface brightness, estimate V = 11.0.  At 286x, a small bluish disc is visible unfiltered.  Located 12' ENE of a wide bright double star (7.7/9.5 at 45").

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4776 = Fleming 77 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1896 at the Arequipa station.  Two years earlier she had flagged it as a star with a peculiar spectra (Type V).

 

Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported "No true central star can be made out.  It is just distinguishable from a star, with wing in p.a. 24ˇ; the length along this axis is 8".  No wing is apparent on the opposite side."

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IC 4784 = ESO 104-020 = AM 1848-631 = LGG 422-013 = PGC 62527

18 52 48.0 -63 15 35; Pav

V = 12.7;  Size 1.4'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 94ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, ~45" diameter, very small bright nucleus increases to the center.  A mag 12.6 star is 0.9' SE and a mag 13.5 is 1.6' E.  Forms a pair with LEDA 93561 2.2' SE.  The companion was a difficult low surface brightness glow attached on the southwest side of a mag ~13.5 star, roughly 15" diameter.  IC 4784 is located 37' ENE of IC 4765 in the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4784 = D.S. 526 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.  He noted "cF, S, R, bM."  There is nothing at his position but 10' N is this galaxy, which fits the description.  The error was first caught by Lauberts in the ESO.  Corwin notes that Stewart probably missed the companion due to the superimposed star.

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IC 4785 = ESO 141-009 = PGC 62528

18 52 55.2 -59 15 19; Pav

V = 12.3;  Size 3.1'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 140ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately to fairly bright, sharply concentrated with a very bright core or bar oriented WNW-ESE and a much fainter halo oriented NNW-SSE.  The surrounding star field is rich in faint stars and a couple of mag 16 stars are very near the halo.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4785 = DS 527 on a plate taken 16 Sept 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, iF, stell N."

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IC 4790 = ESO 104-023 = PGC 62590

18 56 32.2 -64 55 44; Pav

V = 13.0;  Size 1.2'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 57ˇ

 

30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30".  Broad concentration with a bulging, brighter core.  An extremely faint star or knot is at the southwest end.  A mag 14.5 star lies 1' ENE and NGC 6684A lies 27' WNW.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4790 = DS 532 on a plate taken in Sep 1900 from Harvard's Arequipa station.  He noted "cB, S, R, bM."

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IC 4791 = CGMW 5-07960 = LEDA 1588608

18 49 01.2 +19 19 52; Her

 

17.5" (8/2/97): this galaxy is located just 2.0' following mag 5.9 HD 174262 and the view is severely hampered by the bright star!  At 220x, it was visible as a very faint and small, round disc, ~15" in diameter.  A better view was at 420x with the 4.8 Nagler where the unconcentrated galaxy was well separated from the bright star.  When the bright star exited the field the galaxy was quite easy to view due to its relatively high surface brightness.

 

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4791 visually on 4 Jun 1889 with the 36-inch Lick refractor.  Burnham later measured micrometric offsets from the nearby bright star (Lalande 35032 = HD 174262) in 1899 with the 40-inch refractor at Yerkes (appendix to his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars, p. 296).

 

On the POSS1, this appears as a fairly bright compact galaxy (confirmed by Brian Skiff on POSS 2), though it is not listed in any modern catalogue except for LEDA 1588608. The IC description "Neb;* 6 f 2Ő" should read "* 6 p 2Ő".

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IC 4794 = ESO 141-013 = PGC 62605

18 57 09.6 -62 05 27; Pav

Size 1.4'x0.5';  PA = 19ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE, ~36"x27", small bright nucleus increases to the center.  A mag 13.6 star is 0.9' SW.  IC 4798 lies 8.5' ESE.  Outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster (1.5ˇ NE of the core of the cluster).

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4794 = D.S. 535 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."

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IC 4796 = ESO 183-028 = LGG 425-005 = PGC 62588

18 56 27.8 -54 12 50; Tel

V = 12.3;  Size 1.6'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 140ˇ

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.6', moderately concentrated to a very small bright core.  A mag 12 star is north of the NW tip [0.9' NW of center].  Forms a pair with IC 4797 5.5' S.  Starhopped over from NGC 6707 located 27' NNW.

 

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4796 = F. 1157 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903, along with IC 4797, at Harvard's Arequipa station.  He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."

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IC 4797 = ESO 183-029 = LGG 425-003 = PGC 62589

18 56 29.7 -54 18 21; Tel

V = 11.3;  Size 3.0'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 146ˇ

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): brighter of a pair with IC 4796 5.5' N.  Appears bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.8', sharply concentrated with a very bright, high surface brightness core.  A mag 13 star is to the north of the NW end, 1.4' NNW of center, and a fainter star is just 35" N of center.  A mag 10 star lies 9' WNW, forming the western vertex of an isosceles triangle with IC 4796 and IC 4797.

 

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4797 = F. 1158, along with IC 4796, on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station.  He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."

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IC 4798 = ESO 141-015 = LGG 422-014 = PGC 62630

18 58 20.9 -62 07 06; Pav

V = 12.2;  Size 1.9'x1.2';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 108ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, ~60"x45", small bright core increases to the center.  A mag 14.5-15 star is just off the west end [34" from center].  IC 4794 lies 8.5' WNW and IC 4803 is 17' ENE.  Outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster (1.8ˇ NE of the core of the cluster).

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4798 = DS 537 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."

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IC 4800 = ESO 104-025 = LGG 422-015 = PGC 62637

18 58 43.5 -63 08 21; Pav

V = 12.8;  Size 1.8'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 164ˇ

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.6'x0.8', well concentrated with a small bright core and fainter halo.  The major axis is collinear with a mag 14.3 star and a mag 12.8 star, 0.8' and 1.3' NNW of center, respectively.  NGC 6706 lies 12.5' WSW.  Located at the southern vertex of a large isosceles triangle with mag 6.5 HD 174877 23' NW and mag 6.8 HD 175782 23' NE.  Member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster in the eastern outskirts.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4800 = DS 538 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, S, stell N in oval ellip. ring, d 0.3' to 0.4'; nebulous wisps at 170ˇ and 350ˇ."  This galaxy is as bright as NGC 6706, so it's surprising that it wasn't picked up by John Herschel.

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IC 4801 = ESO 104-028 = LGG 422-020 = PGC 62655

18 59 38.4 -64 40 31; Pav

V = 12.6;  Size 1.7'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 89ˇ

 

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): bright, fairly large, oval 3:2 E-W, 1.5'x1.0', sharply concentrated with a very bright core surrounded by a fairly large, relatively faint halo.  Located 4' SE of mag 9.5 HD 175283 in the southeastern outskirts of ACO S805 = Pavo II clsuter.  NGC 6722 lies 29' SE.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4801 = DS 540 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "cF, S, R, bM."

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IC 4802 = ESO 523-015

18 55 07.0 -22 41 54; Sgr

 

18" (7/15/07): easily resolved very close pair of mag 13-14 stars at high power at the northeast side of NGC 6717.

 

17.5" (7/20/98): this is a very close pair of mag 13.5 stars at the NE edge of NGC 6717 (Palomar 9) just 20" from the center.  Bigourdan recorded this object as a "Neb[ulous] *13, 15" nf NGC 6717".

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4802 = Big. 434 on 30 Jun 1884 and described it in the 22 Jul 1901 Comptes Rendus as "nebulous star mag 13, situated near NGC 6717 in PA 35ˇ [NE], d = 15"."  Harold Corwin comments, "It was found and measured on the same night that Bigourdan measured NGC 6717.  His position is precise and agrees to within a few arcsec of the GSC position.  This nails the object as a clump of stars about 15 arcsec northeast of the center of NGC 6717."  Jermain Porter also measured an accurate micrometric position in 1909 using the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory.

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IC 4803 = ESO 141-017 NED1 = PGC 62677

19 00 39.9 -62 03 54; Pav

Size 0.7'x0.35';  PA = 0ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small, round, 15" diameter.  First in a triplet with the close interacting pair PGC 62681 and 62684 ~1.5' E.  A mag 11.6 star is 3' W and a mag 12.1 star is 2.3' SW.  Several fainter stars are nearby.  PGC 62681 appeared as a similar 15" glow and I probably only noticed the brighter core in soft seeing.  IC 4803 is located in the northeastern outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805 with much brighter IC 4798 16.6' WSW.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4803 = D.S. 541 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, R."  ESO calls this a triple system and assigns the designation to the trio, but Corwin notes that Stewart's position and description only applies to the western component.

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IC 4806 = ESO 141-020 = PGC 62689

19 01 30.7 -57 31 55; Pav

V = 12.2;  Size 2.3'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 9ˇ

 

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a very small, bright core and stellar nucleus.  A brighter star is superimposed on the SE edge and a very faint star is at the NNE tip.  Located 14' NNE of the large spiral NGC 6721 and 6' SE of mag 9.5 HD 176085.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4806 = DS 544 on a plate taken 16 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, extremely elongated at 10ˇ, 2 st v nr, susp."

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IC 4808 = ESO 282-003 = PGC 62686

19 01 07.6 -45 18 49; CrA

V = 12.3;  Size 1.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 45ˇ

 

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1.5'x0.5', broadly brighter center, mottled or uneven surface brightness (probably due to spiral structure).  A mag 15.5 star is at tip of the northeast edge.  A mag 14 star is off the west side [0.9' W of center].  Located 12' SSW of mag 7.4 HD 176274, barely north of the Telescopium border.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4808 = DS 545 on a plate taken May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, cL, considerably elongated at 45ˇ, little brighter middle, susp."

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IC 4810 = ESO 184-002 = FGCE 1342 = PGC 62706

19 02 59.7 -56 09 35; Tel

V = 12.6;  Size 3.5'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 136ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; extremely faint, very large, low surface brightness streak, ~2.0'x0.2'.  Situated in a rich star field.  A mag 15.5 star is close west of center.  A distinctive 5' E-W string of mag 11-12 stars is roughly 7' NE and a 1' pair of mag 11.5-12 stars ~5' SW "points" to IC 4810. 

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint, very large, thin edge-on streak 8:1 NW-SE, 2.4'x0.3', broad and fairly weak concentration, bulges slightly near the center.  A mag 16 star is just east of the northwest extension and a mag 15.4 star is 30" W of center.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4810 = DS 548 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901.  He reported "eF, S, extremely elongated at 140ˇ, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 4815 = ESO 141-026 = PGC 62778

19 06 50.6 -61 42 05; Pav

V = 13.3;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 167ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, bright core. Two mag 14 stars 0.8' and 1.2' NW are collinear with the galaxy.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4815 = DS 553 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901.  He reported "cF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4817 = ESO 184-010 = AM 1902-561 W = PGC 62771

19 06 12.3 -56 09 34; Tel

V = 13.7;  Size 1.6'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 12ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright and large, elongated 5:2 N-S, broad weak concentration.  A mag 15 star is just east of the northern flank.  Forms a close pair with ESO 184-011, just 1.6' E.  The companion is fairly faint, fairly large, roundish, low surface brightness, no core or zones.  Two mag 15 stars are at the east side and a mag 13.7 star is close southwest.  IC 4810 is 27' W.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4817 = DS 555 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901.  He reported "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 0ˇ."  Nearby ESO 184-011 was not mentioned in his discovery list.

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IC 4819 = ESO 141-027 = PGC 62782

19 07 07.3 -59 28 01; Pav

V = 13.4;  Size 2.9'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 120ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint, extremely thin edge-on streak, at least 8:1 NW-SE, ~1.8'x0.2', fairly uniform width, except tapers slightly at tips. A 15th magnitude star is superimposed near the southeast tip and a mag 16 star is at the north edge of the central region.  Located 15' SW of mag 7.8 HD 177569 and 42' NW of the spectacular globular NGC 6752.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4819 = DS 556 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901.  He reported "vF, S, extremely elongated at 130ˇ."

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IC 4823 = ESO 104-45 = AM 1907-640 = PGC 62894

19 12 15.7 -63 58 34; Pav

V = 13.8;  Size 1.1'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 18ˇ

 

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, moderately large,, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", relatively low even surface brightness.  Forms a double with ESO 104-45A = PGC 62891 barely off the SW end [27" between centers].  The small companion is very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter.  On first glance this double system could be mistaken for a single elongated oval as they seem to have a common envelope 1.1'x0.6'.  Located 18' SE of NGC 6744 and 8.5' SW of mag 8.0 HD 178534.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4823 = DS 559 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901.  He reported "vF, vS."

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IC 4826 = ESO 184-027 = PGC 62897

19 12 21.2 -57 12 08; Pav

V = 13.5;  Size 1.4'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 46ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately to fairly bright, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 0.9'x0.6', broadly concentrated with a brighter core.  Located 12' SE of NGC 6753.  ESO 184-025 lies 6' NW near the edge of the  field (the trio is nearly collinear).  Situated in a fairly busy Pavo star field.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4826 = DS 561 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sep 1901.  He reported "eF, eeS, R."

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IC 4827 = ESO 141-034 = LGG 427-005 = PGC 62922

19 13 21.2 -60 51 37; Pav

V = 12.4;  Size 2.8'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 166ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright and large, very elongated 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.25'x0.25', very small bright nucleus.  Bracketed by two pairs of brighter stars; a mag 8.8 star is 1.9' NW (with a mag 11 star 2' to its west), and a mag 9.1 star 3.2' NE (with a mag 12 star 0.9' to its NE).  Member of the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427, with NGC 6769/6770/6771 42' NE.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4827 = DS 564 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901.  He reported "F, cS, extremely elongated at 170ˇ, stell N."

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IC 4830 = ESO 141-037 = PGC 62934

19 13 48.6 -59 17 40; Pav

V = 12.4;  Size 1.7'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 28ˇ

 

25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.85'.  Contains a brighter elongated core that appears to be a bar[confirmed afterwards on the DSS].  A mag 15 star is at the east edge of the halo.

 

Located in a rich Pavo star field 47' NE of the center of the showpiece globular NGC 6752.  A string of stars, including a mag 11/14.5 pair and a mag 12 star, extends to the southwest. IC 4830 is a member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4830 = DS 566 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901.  He reported "eF, eS, R, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 4831 = ESO 141-038 = AM 1910-622 = LGG 427-004 = PGC 62951

19 14 43.8 -62 16 21; Pav

V = 12.3;  Size 3.4'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 111ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, large, edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE, 3.0'x0.6', sharply concentrated with a relatively large bright elongated core, fades at the tips.  Mag 8.5 HD 178906 lies 3' NNW.  IC 4833 lies 7.5' SE (collinear with the major axis).  Member of the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4831 = DS 568 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901.  He reported "! cF, vS, extremely elongated at 150ˇ, 2-branch spir."

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IC 4832 = ESO 184-039 = LGG 426-004 = PGC 62938

19 14 03.9 -56 36 39; Tel

V = 12.7;  Size 2.2'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 144ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, fairly large, edge-on 5:1 or 6:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.3', contains a bright elongated core.  A mag 14.5 star is at the northwest end.  Located 3.9' S of mag 9.2 HD 179038 and 3' NE of a mag 10.3 star.  NGC 6758 lies 18' N.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4832 = DS 569 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901 and reported "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 145ˇ, stell N."

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IC 4833 = ESO 141-040 = AM 1911-622 NED01 = PGC 62980

19 15 41.3 -62 19 45; Pav

V = 14.0;  Size 0.6'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 95ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated ~E-W, 0.5'x0.3'.  Within a small triangle of stars: a mag 14.7 star 0.6' S, a mag 15.0 star 0.5' NW and a mag 16.1 star 0.5' E.  Located 7.5' SE of bright IC 4831 and 4.7' NW of mag 8.1 HD 179303.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4833 = DS 570 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901 and reported "eeF, eS, R, bM."

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IC 4836 = ESO 141-043 = PGC 62990

19 16 17.9 -60 12 01; Pav

V = 12.7;  Size 1.5'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 71ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint to moderately bright, roundish, ~45" diameter, fairly low and nearly even surface brightness.  At 397x, the halo is bit irregular and surrounds a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision.  Located 24' NW of NGC 6769/6770/6771 in the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427 and 42' ESE of the spectacular globular cluster NGC 6752!

 

Joseph Turner discovered IC 4836 on 3 Aug 1883 with the Great Melbourne Telescope while searching for NGC 6769. This is the last entry in his eyepiece notepad. He measured an offset of 1 minute 56 seconds preceding NGC 6769 and 16' north and described it as "very faint, difficult to detect, no stars near, round, about 1' diam., gradually a little brighter in middle."  His offsets lands 2.4' SE of IC 4836 and the description fits.  This was Turner's last observation as just two weeks later on 17 Aug he passed away from complications due to heart failure.

 

DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4836 = DS 574 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "F, cL, iF, 2 st inv."  Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4837 = ESO 184-046 NED1 = AM 1911-544 NED1 = PGC 62963

19 15 14.6 -54 39 41; Tel

V = 12.5;  Size 2.6'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 8ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~1.5'x1.0', broad concentration with a brighter elongated core.  Forms a pair with IC 4839 3.5' NE and IC 4837A (large edge-on) lies 32' N.  ESO 184-042, located 9.5' NW, appeared fairly faint, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, 25"x20", slightly brighter nucleus.  A 5' string of 6 stars, including three of mag 10.6, extends to the southwest.  Despite some asymmetric features on images, this galaxy lies in the foreground of IC 4839, so is not interacting.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4837 = DS 573 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, cS, R, bM."

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IC 4839 = ESO 184-048 = AM 1911-544 NED2 = PGC 62975

19 15 34.1 -54 37 36; Tel

V = 12.5;  Size 2.3'x1.5';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 147ˇ

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, broad mild concentration, elongated core region appears to be a bar [confirmed later on the DSS].  At 397x, the outer halo was slightly irregular in brightness, suggesting some spiral arcs.  Forms an attractive pair with IC 4837 3.5' SW.  ESO 184-042 lies 11' WNW.  Member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4839 = DS 575 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, S, * inv in neb."

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IC 4842 = ESO 141-052 = LGG 427-007 = PGC 63065

19 19 24.6 -60 38 40; Pav

V = 12.4;  Size 1.5'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 20ˇ

 

18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this galaxy is located 8' SE of NGC 6771 in a group and appears fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.8', slightly brighter core.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4842 = DS 579 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, vS, R."

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IC 4845 = ESO 141-054 = LGG 427-010 = PGC 63081

19 20 22.5 -60 23 21; Pav

V = 11.6;  Size 1.8'x1.5';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 87ˇ

 

25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 E-W, sharply concentrated with a very bright, very small nucleus!  The halo extends ~1.25'x1.0' and a fairly bright star is superimposed on the southwest side.

 

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, round.  Contains a very small bright nucleus in a low surface brightness 30" halo.  The view is hampered by a mag ~13 star that's attached on the southwest end of the halo [only 15" from the nucleus!]  Located 15' NE of the NGC 6769/6770/6771 trio and a member of the NGC 6769 = LGC 427 group.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4845 = DS 582 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM, * 11m 0.4' sp."

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IC 4846 = PK 27-9.1 = PN G027.6-09.6

19 16 28.3 -09 02 37; Aql

V = 12.0;  Size 2"

 

8" (9/23/22): appears as a 12th magnitude blue-grey "star" at 95x with a brighter 11th magnitude star less than 3' due south.  Sliding a NPB filter into the light path, the PN far outshined the comparison star. Scaling up to 325x, IC 4846 seemed non-stellar, though teensy, perhaps a few arc seconds across.

 

14.5" (7/7/21): identified at 140x and 182x as a mag 12 "star" with greenish color.  Extremely strong response to a UHC filter.  Increasing to 264x, the planetary was clearly soft with a diameter at most 4".  At 352x, it appeared to have a faint central star in a very small halo.

 

24" (9/10/15): bright greenish (stellar) planetary at 200x.  The color gave it away and it was easily verified by blinking with an NPB filter.  It clearly had a "soft" appearance at 260x and a very small disc was evident at 375x, just a couple of arcseconds in size.  Forms the northwest vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.9' S and a similar star 3.6' ESE.

 

13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary, appears as a mag 11.5-12 "star" which blinks well with an OIII filter at 79x.  Located in a rich star field 20' S of mag 7.3 SAO 143200.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4846 = Fleming 100 on a Harvard photographic plate taken in 1901.  She identified it as a gaseous nebula (Harvard Circular 60).

 

Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually in the 36-inch refractor."

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IC 4852 = ESO 142-006 = AM 1922-602 = PGC 63204

19 26 25.3 -60 20 10; Pav

V = 13.0;  Size 1.6'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 171ˇ

 

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2, ~0.9'x0.6'.  Brighter along the elongated core or bar E-W [DSS shows itŐs a bar]. Some structure evident in the central region; the surface brightness is uneven and there was an impression of curvature at the ends of the bar [these are the roots of the spiral arms that extend N and S of the bar].  A mag 9.3 star (HD 181900) lies 6.6' SW. IC 4852 is located 31' SE of NGC 6782 and 1ˇ ENE of the NGC 6769/6770/6771 trio.  Based on redshift, it's probably a member of the NGC 6769 group.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4852 = DS 587 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM."

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IC 4856 = ESO 184-069 = LGG 426-006 = PGC 63226

19 27 30.5 -54 54 31; Tel

V = 13.9;  Size 1.3'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 31ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~45"x15", fairly low surface brightness, irregular shape.  A mag 12.8 star lies 1' NE.  Forms an interacting pair with brighter NGC 6788 6.5' SW.  Situated 3.5' due north of mag 7.8 HD 182396 and 10' ESE of mag 7.6 HD 182160.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4856 = DS 590 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 Sep 1901 and reported "eF, eS, D neb, susp."

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IC 4867 = IC 1301 = UGC 11437 = MCG +08-35-010 = CGCG 256-017 NED1 = PGC 63207

19 26 32.0 +50 07 31; Cyg

V = 13.3;  Size 1.3'x0.6';  PA = 19ˇ

 

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15".  A 1.2' pair (STTA 182) of mag 7.4 and mag 8.6 stars is 2' to 3' NE.  The brighter star has a mag 11.5 companion at 35".

 

IC 4867 = IC 1301 forms a close pair with MCG +08-35-011 1' NE.  The companion appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter, only pops occasionally.

 

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4867 on 1 Jul 1901 at Yerkes Observatory while measuring the separation and position angle of nearby STT 182.  He mentioned a nearby nebula in his 1904 "Measures of Double Stars with the 40-Inch Refractor of the Yerkes Observatory in 1900 and 1901".

 

Lewis Swift probably discovered this galaxy on 15 Apr 1890, but his position was 50' too far south.  In a letter to Herbert Howe, Swift corrected the declination 35' further north, within 15' of IC 4867.  In the IC 2 notes, Dreyer questioned if IC 1301 was identical to IC 4867, perhaps since Swift mentioned the nearby double star.

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IC 4895 = NGC 6822 = MCG -02-50-006 = DDO 209 = PGC 63616 = Barnard's Galaxy

19 44 58.3 -14 48 03; Sgr

V = 8.8;  Size 15.5'x13.5';  Surf Br = 14.5;  PA = 5ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 6822.

 

Max Wolf found IC 4895 on photographs taken at Heidelberg on 16 Jul 1906 and 8 Aug 1907.  He assumed the two brighter HII regions at the north end of Barnard's Galaxy were NGC 6822 and IC 1308 (the mistake originates by Ormond Stone at the Leander McCormick observatory) and thought the galaxy itself was a new discovery (AN 4207).  So, IC 4895 = NGC 6822.

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IC 4913 = ESO 399-005 = MCG -06-43-013 = PGC 63850

19 56 47.6 -37 19 42; Sgr

V = 12.9;  Size 1.4'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 130ˇ

 

24" (9/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', gradual weak concentration to the center.  There was a strong impression of a low surface brightness halo extending ~0.9'x0.7'.  Located 13' S of mag 7.8 HD 188476.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4913 = Sw. 11-185 on 6 Jul 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; 3 st s[outh] like belt of Orion point to it; eee diff[icult]."  His position is 1 minute of RA too far west and nearly 2' too far south.  Howe reexamined the field in 1899, measured an accurate position, and noted "The three stars mentioned by Swift are of mags 9.5, 10 and 9, and are about 8' south of the nebula.  Their line prolonged does not strike the nebula, but follows a little."  Dreyer incorporated Howe's comments in the IC description.

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IC 4926 = ESO 339-018 = MCG -06-44-005 = PGC 63961

20 00 12.1 -38 34 43; Sgr

V = 12.8;  Size 1.2'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 54ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright, round, ~45" diameter, strongly concentrated with a bright, well defined round core that increases to the center.  Slightly fainter and smaller of a pair with IC 4931 7.4' E in the core of AGC 3656.

 

ESO 339-017, located 3.8' N, appeared fairly faint, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, small bright core, ~45"x35".

MCG -06-44-003, located 5.1' NNW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright nucleus.  The view is affected by two superimposed stars; a 12th mag star on the north end and a fainter star on the east edge! 

 

17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, round, 1.2' diameter, even concentration to a bright core.  A stellar nucleus is visible with direct vision.  Forms a similar pair with IC 4931 7.5' E.  I also ran across PGC 93980 11' SE and 3.7' WSW of mag 7.4 SAO 211735.  It appeared very faint, small, round, very weak concentration.  ESO 339-017, 3.7' N, was not noticed.  Member of the rich galaxy cluster AGC 3656.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4926 = Sw. 11-186, along with IC 4931, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; lE, precedes the below 37 sec; e diff; p of 2 [with IC 4931]."  Swift's positions were 3' too far south and about 15 seconds of RA too small in his fourth discovery list from Lowe but pretty accurate in his accumulated 11th list (perhaps from Herbert Howe).

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IC 4931 = ESO 339-023 = MCG -06-44-008 = PGC 63976

20 00 50.3 -38 34 30; Sgr

V = 11.9;  Size 2.4'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 135ˇ

 

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, oval 4:3 NW-SE, ~1.5'x1.2', strongly concentrated with a prominent core.  A mag 12.1 star is 1.6' SE.  Brightest cD galaxy in the core of AGC 3656 with 5 other members seen within 10'.  Located 4.5' WNW of mag 7.8 HD 189396 and 7.7' NW of mag 7.7 HD 189387.  IC 4926 lies 7.4' W.

 

LEDA 93979, located 3.7' S, appeared faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, ~16"x12".  A mag 13.3 star is barely off the SSW end.

LEDA 93980, located 7.4' S, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 20" diameter, gradually brighter middle.

ESO 339-024, 13' N, appeared very faint, fairly small, ~4:1 NNW-SSE, ~30"x8", surprisingly low surface brightness.  Colllinear with two mag 12/13 stars close east [0.6' and 1.3'].

ESO 339-025, 13' NW, appeared faint, fairly small, roundish.  The view was significantly hampered by mag 8.3 HD 189469, which is attached to the southeast end!

 

17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, elongated 3:2 E-W, sharply concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus at moments.  The fainter halo is roughly 1.2'x0.8'.  Brightest in a trio with IC 4926 7.5' W and LEDA 93980 7.3' S.  Located 4.4' W of mag 7.7 SAO 211734 = HDO 294 (8.1/8.9 at 1.0").  Brightest member in rich galaxy cluster AGC 3656.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4931 = Sw. 11-187, along with IC 4926, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 8m * f[ollows] 20s; f of 2 [with IC 4926]."  Swift's RA is about 10 seconds too small (improved from his fourth discovery list from Lowe Observatory, which was also 3' too far south), but Howe measured an accurate position that was used in the IC.

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IC 4933 = ESO 185-055 = PGC 64042

20 03 29.0 -54 58 48; Tel

V = 12.3;  Size 2.3'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 0ˇ

 

30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, large, oval 5:4 ~N-S, ~1.8'x1.4'.  Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core, increasing to the center.  The outer halo shows weak spiral structure (two arms), though they can't be easily traced.  A mag 12.7 star lies 1.6' S.  Forms a nice pair with NGC 6850 8' N.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4933 = DS 632 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 3 Oct 1901.  He noted "eF, eS, 2-branch open spiral."  I'm surprised JH missed this galaxy and picked up nearby NGC 6850 (8' separation).  Perhaps it was just outside his sweep limit.

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IC 4943 = ESO 233-028 = LGG 430-002 = PGC 64102

20 06 28.2 -48 22 33; Tel

V = 12.7;  Size 1.5'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 38ˇ

 

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): At 128x, this member of the Telescopium Group = ACO S851 appeared faint, small, round, 25" diameter.  A mag 12.8 star lies 0.9' N of center. Located 8.5' W of NGC 6861 (second brightest of four in field).  Forms the southern vertex of a triangle with an extremely faint anonymous galaxy (2MASX J20062917-4819434) 2.8' N and a mag 10 star 3.8' NE.

 

2MASX J20062917-4819434 appeared extremely faint, round, perhaps 20" diameter and formed the northern vertex of a triangle with IC 4943 2.8' S and a mag 10.3 star 3.4' ESE.

 

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4943, along with nearby 2MASX J20062917-4819434, on 5 Oct 1885 while observing the Telescopium Group with the Great Melbourne Telescope.  He wrote "D [IC 4943] is a little brighter than C [2MASX J20062917-4819434] but still pretty faint.  It is very small and gradually pretty much brighter middle.  Looks like a diffused faint nebulous star." His sketch, which includes a nearby mag 10.3 star along with several additional fainter stars, perfectly matches the field surrounding IC 4943.  The discovery was never announced.

 

Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 4943 = Sw. 11-188 on 8 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * near north; ee diff; p of 2 [with IC 4949 = NGC 6861]."  His position was 3.5' too far southwest, but a mag 13 star is close north, confirming this identification.  Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4944 = ESO 185-067 = PGC 64129

20 07 08.8 -54 26 49; Tel

V = 13.7;  Size 1.0'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 6ˇ

 

30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 0.7'x0.4', weak concentration.  Located 14' SE of NGC 6854.

 

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4944 = F. 1186 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 31 Aug 1904.  He noted "bM, magn 14."

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IC 4946 = Shapley-Ames 5 = ESO 285-007 = A2020-44 = LGG 434-002 = PGC 64614

20 23 58.1 -43 59 43; Sgr

V = 11.8;  Size 2.5'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 68ˇ

 

30" (10/10/15 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, very elongated 7:2 WSW-ENE, sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated core.  The galaxy is surrounded by numerous stars, including a 52" pair of mag 10/11.5 stars 2.7' E, a mag 13.3 star 1.7' NE, a mag 14.1 star 1.6' WSW, a mag 14.4 star 1.2' NW, and a mag 15 star at the west-southwest edge.  NGC 6902 lies 21' NNE.

 

18" (8/19/09): at 175x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 1.0x'0.4', broad weak concentration.  Located 2.7' W of a wide pair of mag 10/12 stars at 52" separation.  Observed at only 9ˇ elevation.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4946 = Sw. 12-15 on 11 Sep 1897 and logged ""eF, S, R, 3 or 4 st f, form with the neb, a circle, sp of 2 [with Sw. 12-16 = IC 4948]."  There is nothing at Swift's position for either of these two entries.  Harold Corwin suggests that Swift's made an 18 minute error in time (too small).  Once corrected, his position falls very close to Shapley-Ames 5 (New 5) = ESO 285-007.  In addition, his description fits using three or four stars close east.  Using the same correction for Sw. 12-16, IC 4948 is a duplicate of NGC 6902.  Swift listed the discovery date for IC 4948 as 17 Sep 1897 (6 nights later). See that number for more.  Malcolm Thomson also has a comprehensive summary of the situation.

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IC 4948 = NGC 6902 = ESO 285-008 = MCG -07-42-002 = AM 2021-434 = LGG 434-003 = PGC 64632

20 24 28.0 -43 39 12; Sgr

V = 10.9;  Size 5.6'x3.9';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 153ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 6902.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4948 = Sw. 12-16 on 17 Sep 1897.  There is nothing at his position.  Harold Corwin suggests that Lewis Swift made an 18 minute error in time in recording the RA of Sw. 12-15 and 12-16, as his descriptions and relative positions are a reasonable match for IC 4946 and IC 4948 (particularly the former).  Making this correction, IC 4948 = NGC 6902.  But Swift lists the discovery date for IC 4948 as 17 Sep 1897, 6 nights later than IC 4946, though he also made a number of errors in recording dates during his last year of observing.  So, some uncertainly on this equivalence still remains.

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IC 4949 = NGC 6861 = ESO 233-032 = LGG 430-003 = PGC 64136

20 07 19.4 -48 22 12; Tel

V = 11.1;  Size 2.8'x1.8';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 140ˇ

 

See observing notes for NGC 6861.

 

Lewis Swift found IC 4949 = Sw. 11-189, along with IC 4943, on 8 Jul 1897 and reported "B; vS; cE; f of 2 [with IC 4943].  His position is just 3' N of NGC 6861 so apparently he missed the earlier observation by Herschel.  See Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 4954 = LBN 153 = Ced 175

20 04 48 +29 15; Vul

Size 1'

 

17.5" (9/26/92): this moderately bright reflection nebulosity forms a fairly striking compact pair with IC 4955 4' SE.  Very small, round, 15"-20" diameter.  Appears to surround a mag 13 star.  A distinctive group of five stars (part of Roslund 4) just south are arranged in two parallel rows of three stars and two stars.  No contrast gain with OIII or Deep Sky filter.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4954, along with IC 4955, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted, "the north nebula [IC 4954] is not so well defined [as the south one] - that is the star is not.  The star may be double, there is a faint star or separate patch (definition too bad to decide) close s.f.  If the star is double, the components will be nearly n and s but not quite."  He also viewed these reflection nebulae on 15 and 29 Jun, as well as 25 Jul 1888.  The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 4955 = Ced 175

20 04 54 +29 11; Vul

Size 2'

 

17.5" (9/26/92): at 140x appears as the larger and slightly brighter of a pair of reflection nebulae with IC 4954 4' NW.  Surrounds a mag 12 star, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 1' diameter.  A line of three mag 13.5 stars is close southeast.  No contrast enhancement with OIII or Deep Sky filter.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4955, along with IC 4954, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He noted "found a fine nebulous star of 12 mag."

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IC 4960 = ESO 073-028 = PGC 64363

20 15 23.9 -70 32 16; Pav

V = 13.5;  Size 1.2'x0.4';  PA = 166ˇ

 

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 NNW-SSE, ~0.7'x0.2', small brighter nucleus.  A mag 16 star is at the northern tip.  Situated 1.5' ENE of a mag 10.3 star.  Forms a pair with IC 4967 5' ESE.  Located 16' NNW of the spectacular barred spiral NGC 6872 in the Pavo-I Group.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4960 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "eF, eS, bM."  His RA was 7 seconds too small, though there is no question on the identification.

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IC 4967 = ESO 073-029 = LGG 432-007 = PGC 64396

20 16 23.2 -70 33 53; Pav

V = 13.8;  Size 0.7'x0.55';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 92ˇ

 

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter.  A mag 11.6 star is 1.5' WNW.  Fainter of a pair with IC 4960 5.2' WNW.  Located 12.5' NNW of NGC 6872 in the Pavo-I Group = LGG 432.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4967 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "vF, bM."

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IC 4970 = VV 297b = ESO 073-033 = PGC 64415

20 16 57.6 -70 44 59; Pav

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.2';  Surf Br = 11.6;  PA = 90ˇ

 

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): IC 4970 is an interacting companion to NGC 6872, situated 1.1' N of center.  At 303x it appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.25', contains a very small bright nucleus.

 

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is an interacting companion of NGC 6872, situated just 1.1' N of center within the Pavo-I Group.  At 171x, it appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15".  A mag 10.4 star lies 1.8' SW.  Images reveal a distorted bridge and plumes due to interaction with NGC 6872.

 

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this small companion to NGC 6872 appeared faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20"x15".  Located 1' N of the core of NGC 6872.

 

Joseph Turner discovered IC 4970 = DS 657 on 27 August 1881during an observation of NGC 6872 with the Great Melbourne Telescope.  He wrote, "there is a small round nebula 1' north of 4549 [NGC 6872] not mentioned by Herschel." The discovery was included in a final list of 6 new nebulae at the end of his notebook and mentioned in the "Seventeenth Annual Report of the Observatory", published in 1882.  Pietro Baracchi later reobserved the pair and made a diagram of the field on 3 Sep 1885, labeling IC 4970 as New.  Dreyer apparently wasn't aware of this announcement in the observatory report so IC 4970 wasn't assigned a NGC designation. 

 

DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4970 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900.  He noted "bM, nr NGC 6872."  Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4972 = ESO 073-034 = PGC 64436

20 17 42.9 -70 54 53; Pav

V = 14.5;  Size 1.1'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 15ˇ

 

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is the faintest of 8 members of the Pavo-I Group observed and is situated 4.7' SW of NGC 6876.  With averted vision at 171x, an extremely faint, ghostly streak was just visible oriented SSW-NNE, ~0.5'x0.1' with a low, even surface brightness.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4972 = DS 661 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900.  He noted "eF, vS, extremely elongated at 15ˇ."

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IC 4981 = ESO 073-38 = LGG 432-003 = PGC 64486

20 19 39.9 -70 50 57; Pav

V = 13.1;  Size 0.9'x0.3';  Surf Br = 11.5;  PA = 135ˇ

 

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this Pavo-I Group member is a faint companion of NGC 6880 and is situated just 1.1' NE of NGC 6880.  At 171x it appeared very faint, very small, 20" diameter.

 

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): extremely faint, small.  Situated close NE of NGC 6880.  A very faint star is superimposed on the north side.

 

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4981 = D.S. 663 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900.  He noted "eF, eS, * nr."

 

Both Joseph Turner and Pietro Baracchi sketched NGC 6876, 6877 and 6880 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope (on 12 Sep 1881 and 3 Sep 1885, respectively) but failed to notice IC 4981, though Baracchi plotted a 15th mag star at or near its position

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IC 4982 = ESO 073-39 = PRC C-53 = PGC 64498

20 20 20.8 -71 00 28; Pav

Size 0.6'x0.2';  PA = 50ˇ

 

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; faint to fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15".   A close (interacting) companion (LEDA 270900) off the south edge was not noticed.  Slightly fainter of a pair with IC 4985 2.3' NE.  Probable member of the Pavo-I Group.

 

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4982 on 3 Sep 1885 while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 in the Pavo-I cluster with the 48" Melbourne Telescope.  Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars.  The discovery was never published.

 

DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4982 = D.S. 665 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900.  He noted "vF, bM."  Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4985 = ESO 073-040 = PGC 64505

20 20 44.0 -70 59 13; Pav

V = 13.9;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 66ˇ

 

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration.  Slightly brighter of a pair with IC 4982 2.3' SW.  Member of the Pavo-I Group.

 

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4985 on 3 Sep 1885, while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 (Pavo-I cluster) with the 48" Melbourne Telescope.  Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars.  The discovery was never published.

 

DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4985 = D.S. 666 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900.  He noted "vF, bM."  Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4991 = ESO 340-011 = MCG -07-41-024 = PGC 64450

20 18 23.3 -41 03 01; Sgr

V = 11.6;  Size 2.6'x1.8';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 145ˇ

 

18" (8/19/09): fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0'.  Broad concentration to a large, brighter core.  Located 8.5' S of mag 8.3 HD 192815.  Forms a pair with ESO 340-13 2.7' E (not seen at a low viewing elevation).  The identification of this galaxy with IC 4991 is possible, though unlikely.

 

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4991 = Sw. 11-191 on 23 Sep 1897 and reported, "vF; cS; R; no bright star near".  There is nothing near his position.  The nearest bright galaxy is ESO 340-011, identified as IC 4991 in the ESO-Uppsala catalogue (and followed by PGC, RC3, NED, NGC 2000.0 etc.).  This galaxy is located 32' north of Swift's position and 37 seconds of RA east.  But a mag 9.5 star is 5' NW as well as a mag 8.3 star less than 9' N, both of which would be noticeable in his 33' field.  Although Swift's positions are notoriously poor in his final observing years, the two nearby bright stars in makes this identification unlikely.  Still it is certainly bright enough to have been picked up by Swift, so it remains a possibility.

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IC 4996 = OCl 158 = C 2014+374 = Cr 418

20 16 30 +37 38 00; Cyg

V = 7.3;  Size 6'

 

18" (8/14/04): beautiful open cluster at 225x with perhaps three dozen stars resolved in fairly poor seeing.  Appears small, but rich and quite elongated SSW-NNE, ~4'x2'.  Includes three bright mag 8.5-9.5 stars (ADS 13626) forming an obtuse isosceles triangle with the brightest star at the vertex.  A 4th fainter star to the west forms a trapezoid with this trio.  Two of the stars in the triangle are close, unequal doubles (including §422, 9.7/10.8 at 4") and the single star has a 13th magnitude close pair nearby!  The remainder of the stars in the cluster are generally mag 13 and fainter.  There are sprays of stars to the north and south giving the elongated appearance.  Located 1.1ˇ SE of the Crescent Nebula and 1.7ˇ SW of M29.

 

13.1" (8/25/84): ~40 stars at 144x.  Rich in faint stars using averted vision.

 

13.1" (9/11/82 and 9/9/83): 30-40 stars at 160x, appears very rich, includes several very faint stars, elongated SSW-NNE.  The brightest stars are three mag 8.5-9 stars in a tight grouping in the center.

 

8" (8/28/81): consists of three mag 9 stars with a string of stars to the stars, over haze, appears rich with averted.

 

William Herschel discovered IC 4996 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 594).  He recorded, "Clustering stars the place taken is pretty much condensed, and contains 3 pS stars close together."  But Caroline didn't assign a general discovery number and it wasn't catalogued later.  Wolfgang Steinicke found his offset in time and PD from 6th magnitude 34 Cygni (the next object in the sweep) matched this cluster.  Interestingly, the next nonstellar object in the sweep was M29, though he just noted "Clustering large stars" with no discovery number or reference to M29.

 

According to Steinicke, Hugo Clemens "noticed the object on a plate taken [13 Jun 1896] for the Photographische Himmelskarte with a 10.5" f/10.5 astrograph at Potsdam Observatory."  The IC credit went to Frank Bellamy, who independently discovered IC 4996 on a plate taken 9 Oct 1903 with the 13" astrograph at Radcliff Observatory in Oxford.  The discovery was announced in the paper "A New Cluster in Cygnus", MNRAS 64, 662 (1904).  Bellamy didn't state a position for the cluster and Dreyer's estimated position is ~25'  too far north.

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IC 4997 = PK 058-10.1 = PN G58.3-10.9 = HD 193538 = QV Sge

20 20 08.7 +16 43 54; Sge

V = 10.8;  Size 2"

 

8" (9/23/22): IC 4997, a very compact mag 10.8 planetary, has an ideal 10th mag comparison star (HD 355464) just 1' SW! Sliding a NPB filter into the light path, the PN dominated the nearby star by over a magnitude. Upping the power to 225x, IC 4997 wouldn't focus down to a sharp point and was definitely fuzzy at 325x.

 

14.5" (8/20/22): easy to identify at 66x just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star, though in a rich star field. Blinking with the OIII filter than PN seemed roughly 1 mag brighter than the comparison star. At 140x, it displayed a bluish color and was slightly non-stellar (more evident with averted vision), which was confirmed at 226x (perhaps 3" diameter). Excellent view at 660x with an evenly lit, high surface brightness disc.

 

14.5" (7/11/21): immediately recognized as a compact PN at 140x due to its typical soft blue appearance just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star. Adding a UHC filter the PN was noticeably brighter than the star and a tiny disc was clearly outlined. At 182x with a filter, I'd estimate the PN seemed 1 mag brighter than the star. A third 12th mag star just W complete an obtuse isosceles triangle. Increasing to 352x, the blue 3"-5" disc had a very high surface brightness. Also examined at 528x but didn't see any additional details. Located in a rich Sagitta star field 36' NW of the triple star STF 2670 (in Del).

 

17.5" (8/18/01): the PN appears as an unusually bright mag 11 "star" (V = 10.8) at 100x in a rich star field. Verified with OIII blinking. An excellent comparison star is a mag 10 star just 1' SW. A 12th mag star 2' WSW completes a distinctive obtuse triangle. With the filter the PN is nearly one magnitude brighter than the 10th mag star. At 280x, the PN is bluish and a tiny disc was highly suspected, perhaps 2"-3".

 

13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary at all powers, confirmed with an OIII blinking from home in El Cerrito. A slightly brighter mag 10.4 star for comparison blinking is 1.1' SW.

 

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4997 = Fleming 97 in 1896 during her regular examination of Henry Draper Memorial photographs.  It was included in a list of stars with unusual spectra announced by Pickering in the Harvard College Observatory, Circular No.9 in July 1896.  According to Wolfgang Steinicke, Gustav Gruss independently discovered IC 4997 around 1896, using a 6" or 8" refractor with the aid of a visual spectroscope, so both deserve discovery credit.

 

Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported IC 4997 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually with the 36-inch."

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IC 4999 = ESO 527-021 = MCG -04-48-004 = AM 2020-261 = LGG 436-001 = PGC 64613

20 23 56.3 -26 00 54; Cap

V = 12.5;  Size 1.8'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 92ˇ

 

18" (9/3/08): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, broad weak concentration.  Two or three faint stars are at the edges of the halo; the brightest is a mag 14.5 star at the NE edge of the halo (45" from the center), a faint star at the west edge (40" from center) and a faint star off the north side.  Located 14' SW of mag 7 HD 194102.  IC 5005 lies 22' NE.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4999 on 26 Aug 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.  He found this galaxy "While hunting for an object seen in comet seeker" and noted a "pL, R, vf neb among stars."

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IC 5000 = NGC 6901 = UGC 11542 = MCG +01-52-002 = CGCG 399-002 = PGC 64552

20 22 21.5 +06 25 48; Aql

V = 13.7;  Size 1.4'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 63ˇ

 

17.5" (7/20/90): faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 WSW-ENE, overall diffuse with a low even surface brightness.  A mag 13 star is 30" off the NW side and 1.4' from the center. NGC 6906 is located 18' E.  Similar notes on 6/20/87.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5000 = Big. 335 (= NGC 6901) on 29 Sep 1891 with a description "a clearly nebulous object, 50" diameter, in its extent are several stellar points."  His position matches NGC 6901, though he assumed it was new due to Albert Marth's poor position.  See NGC 6901 for more.

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